Body Temperature Fluctuations Research Articles

Amino acid insertion in Bat MHC-I enhances complex stability and augments peptide presentation

Bats serve as reservoirs for numerous zoonotic viruses, yet they typically remain asymptomatic owing to their unique immune system. Of particular significance is the MHC-I in bats, which plays crucial role in anti-viral response and exhibits polymorphic amino acid (AA) insertions. This study demonstrated that both 5AA and 3AA insertions enhance the thermal stability of the bat MHC-I complex and enrich the diversity of bound peptides in terms of quantity and length distribution, by stabilizing the 310 helix, a region prone to conformational changes during peptide loading. However, the mismatched insertion could diminish the stability of bat pMHC-I. We proposed that a suitable insertion may help bat MHC-I adapt to high body temperatures during flight while enhancing antiviral responses. Moreover, this site-specific insertions may represent a strategy of evolutionary adaptation of MHC-I molecules to fluctuations in body temperature, as similar insertions have been found in other lower vertebrates.

A Novel Approach of Cloud Computing Network for Authentication and Security Enhancement of IoT Enabled Cancer Forecasting System

Recently, a variety of approaches have been employed to address a broad spectrum of real-world issues; these methodology cover a variety of areas, including healthcare systems. Previous researchers concentrated on health-care monitoring software. It had several shortcomings, such as poor health-care data storage, time, expense, and processing complexity. This paper proposes a unique IoT-enabled and secured clinical monitoring paradigm to address these issues. Initially, implant several sensors to gather information on vital indicators like body temperature fluctuation. Phone numbers, marital status, heart rate deviation, residence, name, age, and blood pressure are among the patient's health information. The IoT medical sensor dataset is used in this investigation. During pre-processing, extra unnecessary attributes are removed, resulting in data size reduction and normalization. A convolutional neural network supporting the classification of cancer sickness that is based on the improved teaching-learning optimization (CNN-ITLO) method. The CNN-ITLO model ascertains whether or not the patient is cancer-prone based on the sensor input. The management of the hospital receives the gathered data after which it is analyzed. Lastly, the homomorphic encryption approach is used to encrypt and store the patient's data on the cloud. The Java platform will be used to carry out the recommended work. According to the experiment results, the suggested method performed better than current cutting-edge practices.

Deep Learning‐Assisted Sensitive 3C‐SiC Sensor for Long‐Term Monitoring of Physical Respiration

AbstractIn human life, respiration serves as a crucial physiological signal. Continuous real‐time respiration monitoring can provide valuable insights for the early detection and management of several respiratory diseases. High‐sensitivity, noninvasive, comfortable, and long‐term stable respiration devices are highly desirable. In spite of this, existing respiration sensors cannot provide continuous long‐term monitoring due to the erosion from moisture, fluctuations in body temperature, and many other environmental factors. This research developed a wearable thermal‐based respiration sensor made of cubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) using a microfabrication process. The results showed that as a result of the Joule heating effect in the robustness 3C‐SiC material, the sensor offered high sensitivity with the negative temperature coefficient of resistance of approximately 5,200ppmK‐1, an excellent response to respiration and long‐term stability monitoring. Furthermore, by incorporating a deep learning model, this fabricated sensor can develop advanced capabilities to distinguish between the four distinct breath patterns: slow, normal, fast, and deep breathing, and provide an impressive classification accuracy rate of ≈ 99.7%. The results of this research represent a significant step in developing wearable respiration sensors for personal healthcare systems.

Investigating the safety profiles of exogenous melatonin and associated adverse events: A pharmacovigilance study using WHO-VigiBase.

Melatonin, a pineal hormone that modulates circadian rhythms, sleep, and neurotransmitters, is widely used to treat sleep disorders. However, there are limited studies on the safety of melatonin. Therefore, we aimed to present the overall patterns of adverse events (AEs) following melatonin administration and identify potential safety signals associated with melatonin. Using VigiBase, a global individual case safety report (ICSRs) database managed by the World Health Organization (WHO), we conducted a retrospective, observational, pharmacovigilance study of melatonin between January 1996 and September 2022. Disproportionality analysis was conducted using two comparator settings: all other drugs and other sleep medications. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare the frequencies of AEs reporting between melatonin and each comparator setting. Furthermore, we assessed adverse events of special interests (AESIs) that could potentially be associated with melatonin. Signals were identified when the following criteria were met: cases ≥3, x2 ≥ 4, IC025 ≥ 0, and the lower end of the 95% CI of ROR > 2. These signals were then compared with the AE information on the drug labels provided by regulatory bodies. A total of 35 479 AE reports associated with melatonin were identified, with a higher proportion of reports from females (57.1%) and individuals aged 45-64 years (20.8%). We identified 21 AEs that were commonly detected as safety signals in the disproportionality analyses, including tic, educational problems, disturbance in social behavior, body temperature fluctuation, and growth retardation. In AESI analyses, accidents and injuries (adjusted ROR 2.97; 95% CI, 2.80-3.16), fall (2.24; 2.12-2.37), nightmare (4.90; 4.37-5.49), and abnormal dreams (3.68; 3.19-4.25) were detected as a signal of melatonin when compared to all other drugs, whereas those signals were not detected when compared to other sleep medications. In this pharmacovigilance study, exogenous melatonin showed safety profiles comparable to other sleep medications. However, several unexpected potential safety signals were identified, underscoring the need for further investigation at the population level.

Assessing the effects of oxytocin in changes of core body temperature during LPS-induced endotoxemia: A novel approach using Extended Poincaré Plot Analysis

Oxytocin has shown cardioprotective effects during inflammation and may modify the core body temperature changes in LPS-induced endotoxemia. Notably, the time series analysis of core body temperature fluctuations may indicate thermoregulation alterations. This study aims to assess the effects of oxytocin on changes in the core body temperature by analyzing the fluctuations of the temperature time series of endotoxemic rats.Twelve hours of continuous core body temperature fluctuations time series were obtained from adult male Dark Agouti rats implanted with a telemetric transmitter under the following treatment: lipopolysaccharide (LPS); oxytocin (O); lipopolysaccharide + oxytocin (LPS + O), and vehicle or control (C). The temperature fluctuations time series were analyzed using the Extended Poincaré Plot Analysis (EPPA), a novel approach for measuring nonlinear features, to compute the autocorrelation by Pearson's correlation coefficient r, the standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1), and the standard deviation parallel to the line of identity (SD2).The autocorrelation of the temperature fluctuations assessed by Pearson's coefficient was significantly higher in the LPS group compared to control rats (C). Likewise, the co-administration of oxytocin during endotoxemia (LPS + O) significantly reduced the autocorrelation and increased the short-term variability (SD1) of temperature fluctuations compared to those recorded with a single dose of LPS. Thus, we concluded that oxytocin may introduce thermoregulatory changes under LPS-induced endotoxemia. The EPPA is a simple and powerful approach to assess physiological variability that can provide valuable insights into changes in thermoregulation.

Risk factors for intraoperative hypothermia in infants during general anesthesia: A retrospective study.

This study aimed to determine the incidence and evaluate the risk factors and outcomes of intraoperative hypothermia (IH) during general anesthesia in infants. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. A total of 754 infants younger than 1 year old who underwent surgery under general anesthesia were included. Intraoperative body temperature fluctuations, surgical and anesthetic data, postoperative complications, and infant outcomes were recorded. Logistic regression algorithms were used to evaluate potential risk factors. Among the 754 infants, 47.88% developed IH (<36 °C) and 15.4% of them experienced severe hypothermia (<35 °C). The average lowest temperature in hypothermia patients was 35.06 ± 0.69°C with a duration of 82.23 ± 50.59 minutes. Neonates tended to experience hypothermia (37.7% vs 7.6%, P < .001) and prematurity was more common in patients with IH (29.4% vs 16.8%, P < .001). Infants with hypothermia experienced a longer length of stay in the post anesthesia care units and intensive care units, postoperative hospitalizations, and tracheal extubation as well as a higher rate of postoperative hemorrhage than those with normothermia (all P < .05). Several factors were proved to be associated with an increased risk of IH after multivariate analysis: neonate (odds ratio [OR] = 3.685, 95% CI 1.839-7.382), weight (OR = 0.599, 95% CI 0.525-0.683), American society of anesthesiologists (OR = 3.418, 95% CI 2.259-5.170), fluid > 20 mL/kg (OR = 2.380, 95% CI 1.389-4.076), surgery time >60 minutes (OR = 1.785, 95% CI 1.030-3.093), and pre-warming (OR = 0.027, 95% CI 0.014-0.052). This retrospective study found that neonates, lower weight, longer surgery times, more fluid received, higher American society of anesthesiologists stage, and no pre-warming were all significant risk factors for IH during general anesthesia in infants.

The impact of environmental temperature on ewe reproduction, adaptive responses during insemination, and productive characteristics of the lambs obtained from them

The reproductive function of ewes and the development of their offspring are largely influenced by their clinical condition and the temperature of the environment. The maximum temperature values have significantly increased over the last two decades, making climate change a pressing issue for sheep breeding worldwide, including Ukraine. The consequences of exposure to high temperatures of the outside air, above all, in the mating season, can be marked by a significant increase in the heat load on the body of the brood stock, a decrease in clinical indicators and reproductive capacity. On the other hand, the current understanding of how these components interact is insufficient, which conditions the relevance of this work. In order to determine the effective terms of insemination of sheep in the mating season of 2021, taking into account the terms of insemination and the characteristics of the outside air temperature, three technological groups of ewes were formed, which were in the same flock and were artificially inseminated with freshly obtained sperm from the same breeders in August–September: from August 15 to August 27; from August 28 to September 9 and from September 10 to September 21. It was discovered that ewes inseminated between August 28th and September 9th were less adaptable to environmental conditions, experiencing increased daily fluctuations of body temperature, pulse and breathing rates, stillborn lambs, cases of abortion, and decreased preservation of young animals, including ewe lambs, which are highly valuable in breeding – by 15.8% and 10.9% concerning the initial and final phases of the insemination period. However, the young lambs born from ewes inseminated between August 15th and August 27th had the highest survival rate until weaning due to better survival of ewe lambs compared to those inseminated during later phases of the mating season against the background of a lower percentage of output of rams until the moment of weaning against ewes that were inseminated from August 28 to September 9. It has been shown that the growth rate of lambs during early postnatal development varies depending on the timing of their mothers' insemination. Ewes inseminated between August 15th and 27th produced lambs with the highest weight at 90 days, reaching 26.81 and 24.18 kg, respectively; 20.1% and 26.8% more than rams, and 19.1% and 18.8% more than female lambs whose mothers were inseminated in the middle and at the end of the breeding season. A similar picture is characteristic of the average daily growth values. It was determined that the formation of clinical indicators, and above all, the body temperature of young animals born from mothers fertilized at the beginning and in the middle of the mating season, was the most intense. The results of this study made it possible to understand the adaptive mechanisms of the response of sheep to changes in environmental temperature, which will be useful in future investigations to determine its effect on the thermopotential and clinical condition of lambs during the first day after birth, which is the most critical.

Analysing the impact of cloth fabrics on skin temperature during and after exercise using an FDM model

This study presents a 1D finite difference model that examines the influence of cloth fabrics on skin temperature during and after exercise, considering the complex nature of the human body and its susceptibility to infections and viruses. The aim is to design comfortable, high-quality fabrics that minimize potential issues caused by body temperature fluctuations. The model incorporates various physical, physiological, and thermal parameters of cloth to develop protective clothing suitable for exercise. Numerical results were compared to previous studies that analyzed skin temperature without clothing to validate the model’s accuracy. The findings indicate a minimal difference in skin temperature when wearing cotton and polyester cloth, with polyester fabric demonstrating superior characteristics such as stretchability, durability, and sweat resistance. The thermal information obtained from this model can be utilized to design appropriate clothing for diverse weather conditions, ultimately enhancing the performance and comfort of athletes, military personnel, and individuals engaged in physically demanding work. Additionally, the model can aid in developing thermal stress protocols for infection treatment and provide guidelines for physical activity to promote healthy living. This research contributes to the field of materials research by offering valuable insights into the design and development of protective clothing for exercise. By understanding the impact of cloth fabrics on skin temperature, advancements can be made in creating clothing that optimizes human comfort and performance.

Molecular and Neural Mechanisms of Temperature Preference Rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster.

Temperature influences animal physiology and behavior. Animals must set an appropriate body temperature to maintain homeostasis and maximize survival. Mammals set their body temperatures using metabolic and behavioral strategies. The daily fluctuation in body temperature is called the body temperature rhythm (BTR). For example, human body temperature increases during wakefulness and decreases during sleep. BTR is controlled by the circadian clock, is closely linked with metabolism and sleep, and entrains peripheral clocks located in the liver and lungs. However, the underlying mechanisms of BTR are largely unclear. In contrast to mammals, small ectotherms, such as Drosophila, control their body temperatures by choosing appropriate environmental temperatures. The preferred temperature of Drosophila increases during the day and decreases at night; this pattern is referred to as the temperature preference rhythm (TPR). As flies are small ectotherms, their body temperature is close to that of the surrounding environment. Thus, Drosophila TPR produces BTR, which exhibits a pattern similar to that of human BTR. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of TPR, including recent studies that describe neuronal circuits relaying ambient temperature information to dorsal neurons (DNs). The neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and its receptor (DH31R) regulate TPR, and a mammalian homolog of DH31R, the calcitonin receptor (CALCR), also plays an important role in mouse BTR regulation. In addition, both fly TPR and mammalian BTR are separately regulated from another clock output, locomotor activity rhythms. These findings suggest that the fundamental mechanisms of BTR regulation may be conserved between mammals and flies. Furthermore, we discuss the relationships between TPR and other physiological functions, such as sleep. The dissection of the regulatory mechanisms of Drosophila TPR could facilitate an understanding of mammalian BTR and the interaction between BTR and sleep regulation.

New hints for improving sleep: Tea polyphenols mediate gut microbiota to regulate circadian disturbances

AbstractBiological rhythm is a natural physiological phenomenon of the human body, which is regulated by the biological rhythm system, including the sleep cycle, body temperature fluctuation, endocrine level, biological metabolism, and so on. Sleep disturbance is one of the main manifestations of circadian biological rhythm disorder, which has a serious impact on people's work and quality of life. Studies have shown that gut microbiota and circadian rhythms can interact through the brain–gut pathway. Tea polyphenols can effectively modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The interaction between circadian rhythm and the gut microbiota suggests that intervention with tea polyphenols is a possible way for improving sleep. Therefore, through investigating the circadian regulation mechanism of tea polyphenols mediated by gut microbiota, we can shed new light on the relationship between sleep and metabolic disturbances, as well as the beneficial effect of tea polyphenols on sleep improving.

Supplementation with Eurycoma longifolia Extract Modulates Diurnal Body Temperature Fluctuation and Sleep Rhythm in Mice.

Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali; TA) is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly known as Malaysian ginseng. The root tea has been traditionally applied to treat fevers, aches, sexual dysfunction and other ailments. We evaluated the effects of TA extract supplementation on diurnal core body temperature (BT) and sleep architecture in model mice. Dietary supplementation with TA extract for 4 wk resulted in significantly and moderately reduced BT during the rest and active phases, respectively. A high dose delayed the onset of BT elevation at the start of the active phase, indicating that the effect was dose-dependent. Electroencephalography findings revealed that dietary supplementation with TA extract changed sleep rhythms and delta power during the inactive phase of NREM sleep, indicating improved sleep quality. Our findings suggested that dietary TA extract could be a promising natural aid that alleviates sleep problems via thermoregulation.

Study of ischemic depolarization in focal cerebral ischemia in rats

Purpose: to study ischemic depolarization in focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Materials and methods. We conducted simulations of focal cerebral ischemia in 30 rats. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) normothermia (n = 10), 2) hypothermia (n = 10), 3) hyperthermia (n = 10). We identified a statistically significant correlation between the animal's body temperature and the number of episodes of depolarization. (r = 0,87, p&lt;0,001). The average number of DC potential deviations in animals with hyperthermia was statistically significantly higher than in animals with normothermia. (p&lt;0,05).Results. Tissue damage as a result of focal cerebral ischemia correlates with body temperature fluctuations. A decrease in body temperature in focal cerebral ischemia leads to a decrease in the size of the ischemia zone, and as a result of a cerebral infarction, and vice versa, a slight increase in body temperature leads to an increase in the area of cerebral infarction.Conclusion. On tissue, temperature fluctuations have physiological and biochemical effects, a statistically significant correlation between episodes of depolarization in cerebral ischemia and the percentage of brain damage after ischemia are not always in a cause-and-effect relationship.

Body Temperature Measurement Reveals the Reproductive Profile of Female Apodemus speciosus under Laboratory and Field Conditions

This study illustrated body temperature (Tb) fluctuation during reproduction and discussed the effectiveness of measuring Tb for predicting the reproductive profile of female Apodemus speciosus both under laboratory and field conditions. Tb fluctuation was monitored for four breeding events in the laboratory and for three in the field. Individual variation in Tb fluctuation during reproduction was larger in the field than in the laboratory, while its temporal pattern was clearer in the field than in the laboratory. Tb fluctuating patterns according to the progress of the reproductive stage were similar between the laboratory and the field. Daily mean Tb increased after the start of pregnancy, decreased during late pregnancy, rapidly increased after parturition, and remained higher through the lactation period. In particular, the following three characteristics should be apparent indices of parturition: increase of daily mean Tb and daily minimum Tb in early pregnancy, decrease of daily max Tb and daily mean Tb in late pregnancy, and increase of daily max Tb at the day of parturition. These results indicate that implanting small-sized loggers enables us to obtain a representative pattern of Tb fluctuation and to predict the reproductive profile of female A. speciosus, both under laboratory and field conditions.

Mathematical and Experimental Analysis of Body Temperature Fluctuations During Weight Change

Human body temperature fluctuates in proportion to the balance between metabolic heat production and heat dissipation and needs to remain nearly constant as a requirement for normal physiology. The biology of temperature homeostasis is well‐understood, and a low resting body temperature has been linked to increased longevity in humans and other organisms. Substantial weight loss in rodents, as result of underfeeding, leads, for instance, to a significant drop in mortality that occurs in parallel to a reduction in rectal temperature. The effects of weight gain or obesity on resting temperature are, however, not understood; and for the most part are controversial, e.g., obesity increases mortality, yet some lines of research argue that a low body temperature underlies its pathophysiology. The present work uses mathematical modeling and analytical methods to investigate the effects of body weight fluctuations on temperature. The latter methodology leads to a simple equation that estimates the whole‐body heat transfer coefficient (hc). Computational simulations, on the other hand, predict two possible scenarios: 1. Resting temperature is an increasing function of body mass if hc is unaltered by weight change; 2. If body temperature is insensitive to weight change, then hc will change in the same direction as body weight. Experimental measurements validate the first case and show that obesity leads, in men and women, to a significant increment in resting temperature relative to normal body mass index subjects. This analysis also shows that hc is a decreasing power function of the temperature gradient, i.e., the difference between the body temperature and the external temperature. Our data indicates, overall, that another mechanism by which obesity increases human mortality is by producing a persistent increment in body temperature. To our knowledge, we are the first to identify such adverse obesity effect.

Rapid assessment of circadian behavior in mice.

Circadian rhythms have a cycle length of about 24 hours, i.e. a 24-hour internal clock. In order to adapt to the periodic changes of the circadian environment, almost all organisms on the earth, including algae, bacteria, plants, animals, etc., have evolved a special system-the circadian clock. It helps organisms to adapt to the daily changes in the environment and maintains the physiological process and the behavior in synchronization with the environment changes. Circadian rhythms are composed of an intracellular feedback loop that drives the expression of molecular components and their constitutive protein products to oscillate over a period of about 24 hours. Almost every aspect of the body's functions, including behavior and physiology, is regulated by the circadian clock, and shows obvious daily rhythms, such as sleep and wakefulness, alertness, body temperature fluctuations, urinary system, hormone secretion, immune regulation, and cytokine release. Circadian factors are also increasingly recognized for potentially affecting the occurrence, progression, treatment, and prognosis of a variety of diseases. This paper discusses several methods for measuring circadian behavior disorders in mice for different purposes, and shares experimental operations and analysis ideas, including the use of metabolism cage, wheel running activity, jet lag, lengthened light, bones photoperiod, as well as the T7-cycle. In addition, this paper also studies the possible reasons for variations caused by genetic backgrounds and light conditions. Given these methods, researchers can choose appropriate experiments to evaluate the influence of genetic factors, environmental factors or diseases on circadian behavior.

Effect of Upper Limb Warming Blanket on Body Temperature Control During Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: At our research facility, the body temperature is constantly monitored using a continuous-measuring ear thermometer, i.e., Nipro CE Thermo (hereafter CE Thermo). However, this temperature control assumes that the CE Thermo itself does not get affected, thus warranting the identification of influencing factors for temperature control based on their influence on the CE Thermo. We aimed to evaluate the tympanic membrane temperature of patients undergoing lower limb surgery under general anesthesia, and to explore body temperature fluctuations during anesthesia based on the tympanic membrane temperature. Methods: We selected patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for lower extremities at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okinawa Tokushukai Kamagaya General Hospital between January 2017 and March 2020. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 173 patients undergoing THA and TKA for lower extremities at a single institution. Results: We calculated and compared the tympanic temperature measurements at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 min between the groups to predict the factors of temperature variation. The results of tympanic temperature measurements were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. At the beginning of the measurement, the THA group demonstrated significantly lower values than the TKA group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The above results necessitate further clarification of the effect of temperature fluctuation, including surgical factors, on prognosis. J Curr Surg. 2022;12(1):7-14 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcs456

Roles of the Circadian Clock Mechanism in the Regulation of Daily Rhythms of Body Temperature

Body temperature of thermostatic animals does not stay constant but displays a regular circadian fluctuation, which has a role in maintaining homeostasis of sleep and metabolism as well as entraining the peripheral circadian clocks in the body. Following the discovery of clock genes that generate the circadian rhythm and the master clock structure in the brain and recent advances in infrared temperature imaging, there is a greater opportunity to investigate the mechanism underlying body temperature regulation, which currently remains unclear. In this review, we summarize our recent findings on a mechanism of body temperature regulation through a non-coding cis-element of the core clock gene Per2. The body temperature during siesta is controlled by the calcitonin receptors, which exhibit restricted expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the locus of the central circadian clock in the brain. This review also refers to a recent machine learning-assisted thermography recording procedure, a technique that enables real-time simultaneous monitoring of circadian fluctuations in body temperature, locomotor activity, feeding, and drinking behaviors of animals. We will discuss the current challenges and open questions in understanding the molecular and circuit level mechanisms that give rise to circadian rhythms in body temperature.

Role of Dorsomedial Hypothalamus GABAergic Neurons in Sleep-Wake States in Response to Changes in Ambient Temperature in Mice.

Good sleep quality is essential for maintaining the body’s attention during wakefulness, which is easily affected by external factors such as an ambient temperature. However, the mechanism by which an ambient temperature influences sleep–wake behaviors remains unclear. The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has been reported to be involved in thermoregulation. It also receives projection from the preoptic area, which is an important region for sleep and energy homeostasis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus—a main control area of the clock rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesized that the DMH plays an important role in the regulation of sleep related to ambient temperatures. In this study, we found that cold exposure (24/20/16/12 °C) increased wakefulness and decreased non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, while warm exposure (32/36/40/44 °C) increased NREM sleep and decreased wakefulness compared to 28 °C conditions in wild-type mice. Then, using non-specific and specific apoptosis, we found that lesions of whole DMH neurons and DMH γ–aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons induced by caspase-3 virus aggravated the fluctuation of core body temperature after warm exposure and attenuated the change in sleep–wake behaviors during cold and warm exposure. However, chemogenetic activation or inhibition of DMH GABAergic neurons did not affect the sleep–wake cycle. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of DMH GABAergic neurons in the regulation of sleep–wake behaviors elicited by a change in ambient temperature.

Wearables and smart skin as new tools for clinical practice and research in dermatology

Wearables and smart skin as new tools for clinical practice and research in dermatology

Hypothermia as a potential remedy for canine and feline acute spinal cord injury: a review

Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in permanent sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunction caudal to a damaged spinal cord (SC) segment is a catastrophic event in human as well as in veterinary medicine. The situation of paraplegic/tetraplegic people or animals is further impaired by serious complications and often displays an image of permanent suffering. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has shown neuroprotective capacity in numerous experimental and several clinical studies or case reports. Hence, the method draws increasing attention of neuroscientists as well as health care workers. While systemic TH is a too complex procedure for veterinary practice, local application of TH with a reduced risk of the whole body temperature fluctuations and minimal side effects can become one of the therapeutic tools considered in the treatment of acute traumatic SCIs in bigger animals, especially when surgical decompression of spinal medulla and vertebral column reconstruction is indicated. Still, additional large prospective randomized studies are essential for the standardization of therapeutic protocols and the introduction of the method into therapeutic armamentarium in canine and feline spinal traumatology. The research strategy involved a PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and ISI Web of Science search from January 2000 to July 2021 using the terms “canine and feline spinal cord injuryˮ, “hypothermiaˮ, and “targeted temperature managementˮ in the English language literature; also references from selected studies were scanned and relevant articles included.