Flower Extract Research Articles

Exploring copper corrosion inhibition in value added neem biodiesel: Evaluation by traditional and machine learning approaches

Neem seed biodiesel is an eco-friendly fuel, however, to minimize its corrosion on copper metal used in engine parts, ethyl acetate extract of Syzygium aromaticum flowers was tested as an inhibitor. Copper corrosion evaluation in biodiesel revealed an inhibition efficiency of 97.96 %. Corrosion at the operating temperature of diesel engine was predicted by machine learning - quadratic regression. Thermodynamics and spectral evaluations bring to light the adsorption of inhibitors on the metal surface for inhibiting the corrosion of copper metal immersed in biodiesel. Surface morphological studies revealed the protective nature of the copper metal corrosion. Quadratic Surface Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm classified the corrosion classes as low, medium, and high with an overall accuracy value of 94.6 %. The percentage of non-corroded area of copper metal specimen in biodiesel medium with the said inhibitor as estimated with quadratic SVM is 97.193 %. The research findings suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of S. aromaticum flowers has the potential to perform as an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper in biodiesel medium and revealed the potential of quadratic SVM machine learning algorithm in corrosion estimation and classification.

A new active packaging system based on chickpea-based edible coatings added with microcapsules of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. flower extract.

The Cosmos sulphureus Cav. plant is studied for its high polyphenolic content with antioxidant properties. Its flowers, rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, hold promise as antioxidants in food preservation. The inclusion of these compounds in chickpea-based coatings with a previously studied preservative effect would be an excellent option as a food preservation method and microencapsulation addresses challenges like dispersion and degradation of polyphenols in the coating. The objective of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Cosmos sulphureus leaves, seed, and flower extracts and explore the protective effects of chickpea-based coatings containing microcapsules of flower polyphenolic extract on the chemical quality of stored roasted sunflower seeds during storage. The ethanolic leaf extract exhibited the highest antiradical activity, followed by the aqueous flower extract. After a storage period of 15 days, at 40 °C, the chickpea-based coatings effectively delayed lipid oxidation in the roasted sunflowers seeds, and the inclusion of polyphenolic microcapsules with 0.01% extract (SMC 0.01%) in the coating significantly improved the protective effect. By day 15 of storage, SMC 0.01% showed comparable peroxide value, conjugated dienes, and linoleic acid content to samples containing the synthetic antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). Samples that only contained chickpea-based coating and coating with polyphenolic microcapsules with 0.005% extract exhibited significantly greater reduction in fatty acid content compared to the 0.01% SMC treatment. The chickpea-based coating with polyphenolic microcapsules demonstrated antioxidant activity akin to synthetic BHT, offering a promising biopackaging solution for lipid-rich foods like roasted sunflower seeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle from flower extract of Dillenia indica and its efficacy as antibacterial and antioxidant

Dillenia indica is a medicinal tree of the Dilleniaceae and its flower extract was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs). The optimal conditions for AgNPs synthesis were as such: 2 mM AgNO3, pH 4.5 and 48-h reaction time. The characteristic band of AgNPs was observed at the wavelength of 435 nm by UV–visible spectroscopic study. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis depicted the involvement of several functional groups of plant extracts in the synthesis of AgNPs. Nanoparticles were mostly spherical shaped and uniformly distributed, when observation was made by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) showed absorption peak approximately at 3 keV thus confirmed the presence of silver metal in AgNP. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis exhibited average size of the nanoparticles as 50.17 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.298. The zeta potential of nanoparticles was observed as −24.9 mV. To assess antibacterial activity, both AgNPs alone or its combination with the antibiotic were tried against six pathogenic bacteria. The combination of AgNPs with antibiotic was maximum effective against Shigella boydii (16.07 ± 0.35) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.03 ± 0.20). AgNPs alone showed maximum inhibition for both Gram-positive bacteria: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (19.97 ± 0.20 mm) and Enterococcus faecium (19.80 ± 0.15 mm). Maximum inhibition of Enterobactor cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed by antibiotic taken alone. Evaluation through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and DNA nicking assays demonstrated the antioxidant capabilities of the nanoparticles.

Biopreparation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles mediated by Calendula officinalis flower extract for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

This study investigates the an eco-friendly synthesis for the production of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) by employing the water-soluble flower extract of Calendula officinalis as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The green produced TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis were characterized using different advanced analytical techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS-elemental mapping, XRD, ICP-OES and TEM. It represents the TiO2 NPs were found to be spherical in shape and well distributed without agglomeration. It also revealed the particle sizes were in the range of 30–50 nm. EDX represented the Ti atomic species along with C and O are seen to be well-dispersed in a homogeneous manner. The broad absorption band appeared at 3200–3450 cm−1 assigned to OH bond stretching belong to the adsorbed water over the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Further, newly synthesized TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis are used as a nanocatalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). A UV–Vis spectrophotometer is employed to track the effectiveness of the reduction process. Recyclability in 8 further degradation cycles is used to assess the sustainability of this catalyst, and the results show a steady and notable degradation activity. After a week of daily treatment, the allergic conjunctivitis clinical scores in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were evaluated. The guinea pigs were sensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin and then subjected to topical conjunctival challenge. Different doses of TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis (20 and 100 µg/kg), prednisolone (30 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (10 mg/kg), or PBS (10 mL/kg) were administered. The levels of serum Immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA. It was observed that the levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE notably decreased. Notably, the treatment with TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis at both doses led to a notably lower clinical score for allergic conjunctivitis. Furthermore, the TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis-treated guinea pigs conjunctival tissue showed mild mononuclear infiltration compared with the intense conjunctival tissue inflammatory infiltration observed in the PBS-treated group. These data suggest that TiO2 NPs/C. officinalis may have clinical efficacy in alleviating allergic conjunctivitis.

Protective effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees against experimentally induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats: Experimental evidence from biochemical and histological analysis

Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees (Acanthaceae) is traditionally used in the North East Himalayan region to treat stomach issues, including gastritis. This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of 70% aqueous ethanol extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flowers (PTE), standardized by HPTLC and LC-MS/MS, and to establish its possible mechanisms. The gastroprotective effect of PTE, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, was evaluated using both physical (pylorus ligation, PL; cold restraint stress, CRS) and chemical (ethanol, EtOH) ulcerogens-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into control, ulcer control, positive control and PTE-treated groups, with PTE administered orally twice daily for 5 days. The protective effect of PTE was assessed through various gastric ulcer parameters, including gastric pH, gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) content, microvascular permeability, endogenous antioxidant markers, and gastric histopathology. HPTLC and LC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of gallic acid, naringenin, β-sitosterol and ascorbic acid in PTE. The active components of PTE showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index, with reductions of 28.59-50.03% in PL, 27.69-53.23% in EtOH and 31.14-57.53% in CRS models (P< 0.01). Additionally, PTE at 400 mg/kg significantly increased gastric pH by 23.41%, mucus content by 33.69%, and NP-SH levels by 37.24%. PTE also demonstrated significant antioxidant potential and histopathological studies confirmed its protective effect. The study suggests that the anti-ulcer effect of PTE may be attributed to its ability to preserve adhered gastric mucus, exhibit antisecretory effects, and scavenge free radicals.

Hibiscus acid and hydroxycitric acid dimethyl esters from Hibiscus flowers induce production of dithiolopyrrolone antibiotics by Streptomyces Strain MBN2-2

Plants and microbes are closely associated with each other in their ecological niches. Much has been studied about plant–microbe interactions, but little is known about the effect of phytochemicals on microbes at the molecular level. To access the products of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters in bacteria, we incorporated an organic extract of hibiscus flowers into the culture media of different Actinobacteria isolated from plant rhizospheres. This approach led to the production of broad-spectrum dithiolopyrrolone (DTP) antibiotics, thiolutin (1) and aureothricin (2), by Streptomyces sp. MBN2-2. The compounds from the hibiscus extract responsible for triggering the production of these two DTPs were found to be hibiscus acid dimethyl ester (3) and hydroxycitric acid 1,3-dimethyl ester (4). It was subsequently found that the addition of either Fe2+ or Fe3+ to culture media induced the production of 1 and 2. The Chrome Azurol S (CAS) assay revealed that 3 and 4 can chelate iron, and therefore, the mechanism leading to the production of thiolutin and aureothricin appears to be related to changes in iron concentration levels. This work supports the idea that phytochemicals can be used to activate the production of cryptic microbial biosynthetic gene clusters and further understand plant–microbe interactions.Graphical

Bioactivity of Kipahit Flower Extract Tithonia Diversifolia on Mortality and Eating Behavior of Larvae Crocidolomia Pavonana

Bioactivity of Kipahit Flower Extract Tithonia Diversifolia on Mortality and Eating Behavior of Larvae Crocidolomia Pavonana

Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Evaluation of Rhododendron arboreum Sm leaf and flower: Integrative Analysis using Advanced Analytical Techniques

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigates the biological activities of Rhododendron arboreum Sm from the eastern Himalayas, addressing a literature gap on its properties. It explores the plant's phytochemical, antioxidant, and medicinal characteristics. Significance: Evaluating methanolic extracts of R. arboreum offers valuable insights into its bioactive potential. Comprehensive GC-MS analysis identified a diverse array of compounds, highlighting the plant's chemical composition. Methods: Methanolic leaf and flower extracts underwent sequential extraction and phytochemical profiling using column chromatography, TLC, and GC-MS analysis. Spectral studies aided compound identification, and antioxidant activity was assessed via spectrophotometric assays. Results: Column chromatography separated methanol leaf and flower extracts into 17 and 24 distinct fractions, respectively. TLC analysis showed specific Rf values for leaf (0.58, 0.65, 0.75, 0.8, 0.86, 0.9) and flower samples (0.91, 0.38, 0.48, 0.51, 0.56, 0.6, 0.65, 0.75, 0.85, 0.96). GC-MS analysis revealed a variety of organic functional groups, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, heterocyclic molecules, phenolic compounds, steroids, terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and other bioactive compounds. FTIR spectra identified functional groups such as hydroxyls, primary amines, alkanes, and alkynes. NMR data indicated a complex molecular composition with diverse proton environments. Leaf extracts demonstrated superior antioxidant activity compared to flower extracts in DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and FRAP assays. Conclusion: The study identifies diverse phytochemicals in R.arboreum extracts and highlights their potential applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods, owing to the superior antioxidant activity of leaf extracts compared to flowers.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extracts from Different Parts of the Paullinia cupana Kunth Plant: Characterization and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity.

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be developed using safe and environmentally friendly routes, can replace potentially toxic chemical methods, and can increase the scale of production. This study aimed to synthesize AgNPs from aqueous extracts of guarana (Paullinia cupana) leaves and flowers, collected in different seasons of the year, as a source of active biomolecules capable of reducing silver ions (Ag+) and promoting the stabilization of colloidal silver (Ag0). The plant aqueous extracts were characterized regarding their metabolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), phenolic compound content, and antioxidant potential against free radicals. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The results demonstrated that the chemical characterization indicated the presence of secondary metabolites of many classes of compounds in the studied aqueous extracts studied, but alkaloids and flavonoids were predominant, which are widely recognized for their antioxidant capabilities. It was possible to notice subtle changes in the properties of the nanostructures depending on parameters such as seasonality and the part of the plant used, with the AgNPs showing surface plasmon resonance bands between 410 and 420 nm using the leaf extract and between 440 and 460 nm when prepared using the flower extract. Overall, the average hydrodynamic diameters of the AgNPs were similar among the samples (61.98 to 101.6 nm). Polydispersity index remained in the range of 0.2 to 0.4, indicating that colloidal stability did not change with storage time. Zeta potential was above -30 mV after one month of analysis, which is adequate for biological applications. TEM images showed AgNPs with diameters between 40.72 to 48.85 nm and particles of different morphologies. EDX indicated silver content by weight between 24.06 and 28.81%. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms of clinical and environmental interest, with MIC values between 2.12 and 21.25 µg/mL, which is close to those described for MBC values. Therefore, our results revealed the potential use of a native species of plant from Brazilian biodiversity combined with nanotechnology to produce antimicrobial agents.

Karakteristik Fisikokimia, Kadar Gizi, Organoleptik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dalam Es Krim Yoghurt Rosela

This study develops roselle yogurt ice cream by combining the probiotic benefits of yogurt with bioactive compounds from roselle flowers. Yogurt is produced through milk fermentation by lactic acid bacteria, while roselle flower extract is rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The research methods included a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties, nutritional content, microbiology, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic characteristics. Using a randomized complete design, data analysis employed ANOVA and the Least Significant Difference tests (P &lt; 0.05), with sensory evaluation conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of exploring the synergy between roselle yogurt and ice cream in varying proportions (20:80, 30:70, 40:60) showed that the treatment with a 30:70 ratio of roselle yoghurt (P2) was optimal in physicochemical characteristics such as pH 5.47, total titratable acidity 0.74%, overrun 75.61%, and meltdown rate of 26.98 minutes. P2 also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity at 137 µg/mL, with good sensory acceptance from consumers. This experiment provided an understanding of the potential of roselle yoghurt ice cream as a product that meets increasingly selective consumers' nutritional and health needs. It is hoped that these findings will stimulate the development of ice cream products that are not only commercially popular but also provide significant health benefits. Keywords: roselle yoghurt ice cream, antioxidant activity, consumer health

Effectiveness of Aqueous Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract on Reduction of Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids Among Prehypertensive Patients

ABSTRACT Pre-experimental one group pertest post-test research design was adopted to investigate the effectiveness of aqueous flower extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa in reduction of blood pressure, serum lipids among 60 prehypertensive patients. A self-structured questionnaire and manual sphygmomanometer and stethoscope monitored blood pressure levels before and after administering Hibiscus sabdariffa extract. Results showed a significant drop in blood pressure levels among prehypertensive patients with a mean difference score of 12.75, and a substantial decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of 16.280 was statistically significant at P &lt; 0.001 level, indicating that oral supplementation of Hibiscus sabdariffa’s flower extract is effective in reducing blood pressure and serum cholesterol in prehypertensive patients.

Acacia saligna extract alleviates quetiapine-induced sexual toxicity in male albino rats: Insights from UPLC-MS/MS metabolite profiling, structural and PI3K/NF-κB pathway assessments

BackgroundQuetiapine (QET) abuse has increased due to its anxiolytic and hedonic effects, necessitating protective adjunct treatments. Acacia saligna (A. saligna) flowers, used in traditional medicine, have potential health benefits. AimTo investigate the protective role of A. saligna flower extract against QET-induced sexual toxicity, and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms through metabolomic and physiological studies. MethodsA. saligna extract was subjected to metabolite profiling via High-Resolution Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI–qTOF-MS). Forty-eight adult male albino rats were assigned into six groups for 30 days. The intracavernosal pressure (ICP), semen, biochemical, hormonal, histological, genetic and Western blot (WB) analyses were determined. ResultsA. saligna extract is rich in phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and unsaturated fatty acids. QET significantly decreased ICP and negatively affected semen parameters. A. saligna mitigated decreased sperm motility and ameliorated overexpressed proinflammatory genes in QET-55 group. A. saligna ameliorated the reduction of the antioxidant biomarkers, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), concurrent with downregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein. A. saligna counteracted the disrupted testicular and prostatic structures revealed by histological examination. ConclusionThe extract from A. saligna, which contains a high concentration of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory chemicals, effectively mitigates sexual toxicity caused by QET. This study provided the first known explanation of the hypothesized processes behind the protective properties of A. saligna through biological, biochemical, and histological parameters. The results emphasize the potential of A. saligna as a safeguarding agent against drug-induced sexual toxicity.

The Potential Activity of Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) Leaf, Flower, and Stem Extracts on the Duration of Wound Healing in Mice (Mus musculus)

Wound is skin tissue damage due to trauma from a sharp object. Kecombrang flower extract is known to be effective in speeding up the healing of wounds because it contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids. The leaves and stems also contain these compounds, so this research was conducted to see the difference in the potential activity of the wound healing process of the kecombrang plant on the time of wound healing. Natural ingredient extracts are wound healing agents that can fight infection and speed up wound healing. This study used 5 treatment groups consisting of control (-) distilled water, control (+) Povidone Iodine 10 %, leaf extract 10 %, flower extract 10 %, and stem extract 10 %. The parameters observed were the length of the wound and the condition of the wound until the wound healed. The obtained data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA for complately randomized factorial designed. The results of the research show that extracts of kecombrang leaves, flowers, and stems have activity in accelerating the healing process of cut wounds and produce different effects on healing time. Wound healing time for leaf extract is 12 days, flower extract and stem extract is 10 days. The conclusion of this study shows that there is a very real difference in wound healing from treatment with the best treatment for wound healing is the flower extract with highest healing score of 6.42.

Formulation and Activity of Sunscreen Cream from Ethanol Extract of Calendula officinalis L Flowers

Sunscreen made of natural ingredients is an alternative to protect the skin from excess UV radiation and a substitute for chemical products that have side effects. It was reported that Calendula officinalis L. has flavonoid and saponin metabolite compounds which function as photoprotective agents. This research aims to formulate sunscreen cream and examine the effect of variations in Calendula officinalis L flower extract (5%;7%;10% w/v) on physicochemical properties, stability, and values of the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and in vivo using wistar line rat test animals to see the time of formation of Minimum Erythema Dose (MED). It has been proven that variations in the concentration of Calendula officinalis L. extract affected the physicochemical properties, such as pH value, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion strength. However, the overall results of the physicochemical properties still met the requirements. Variations in extract concentration affected the SPF value. In vitro SPF test showed the minimum protection category for F1, extra protection for F2, maximum protection for F3, and no protection for F0. Meanwhile, the in vivo SPF test showed the minimal protection category for F1, medium protection for F2, extra protection for F3, and no protection for F0.

Skin-soothing Effects of Oenothera biennis Flower Extract

Purpose: The current study aimed to assess the use of &lt;i&gt;Oenothera biennis&lt;/i&gt; flower extract (OBFE) as a cosmetic ingredient exhibiting potential skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: O. biennis flowers were extracted with 70% ethanol and used in experiments to confirm skin-soothing efficacy. Several criteria related to skin soothing, such as antioxidant activity, barrier enhancement, moisturization, and sebum secretion control, and anti-inflammatory effects, were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was determined via the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test. Skin barrier enhancement was assessed by studying the mRNA expression of filaggrin (&lt;i&gt;FLG&lt;/i&gt;), a key skin barrier component, through quantitative real-time PCR. Moisturizing efficacy was evaluated by analyzing hyaluronic acid (HA) expression through ELISA. Furthermore, the expression levels of the inflammatory agents nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) were investigated in addition to checking the inhibitory effect on sebum production to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects.Results: Antioxidant activity was confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging ability, and OBFE demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of L-ascorbic acid, positive control. Furthermore, OBFE recovered the &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt;-induced downregulation of FLG expression. Moreover, OBFE significantly improved the production of HA, surpassing the beneficial effect of the positive control, retinoic acid. OBFE also exhibited significant reduction in LPS-induced production of NO and PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and effectively inhibited palmitic acid-induced sebum production in sebocytes.Conclusion: These findings imply that OBFE is a potential cosmetic ingredient that can be used to soothe sensitive skin as it exhibits antioxidant, skin barrier strengthening, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and sebum-control effects.

Fiber Content and Antioxidant Activity of Chiapuding from Chia Seeds and Soybean Extract with Temple Flower Extract as a Dilution for Obesite Teenagers

The aim of this research was to analyze the fiber content and antioxidant activity in pudding made from chia seeds and soybean juice with butterfly pea flower extract. The type of research is experimental research, with the RAL (Completely Randomized Design) method, which is carried out by adding chia seeds to making pudding with 5 treatments, namely F0 (0%), F1 (2%), F2 (4%), F3 (6%) and F4 (8%). Fiber content analysis using the AOAC method and antioxidant activity analysis using the DPPH method were carried out at the Lampung State Polytechnic Laboratory. Data processing was carried out by ANOVA and Duncan tests using SPSS 20. The results of statistical tests on fiber content showed that there was no effect of adding chia seeds to making pudding with a p-value = 0.106 even though there was an increase in each formula. The highest fiber content in F4 (8%) is 5.86% or 5.8 gr/100 gr pudding, which can meet daily fiber needs, namely 2.7 -3.7 gr/day. The results of statistical tests on antioxidant activity show that there is an effect of adding chia seeds to make pudding with a p-value = 0.000. The highest IC50 antioxidant activity was in F4 (8%) at 6090 µg/mL, even though the IC50 value was in the weak category, the smaller the IC50 value, the stronger the antioxidant was in warding off free radicals. Based on research results, the more chia seed formula added, the higher the fiber content and the higher the IC50 antioxidant activity.

Comparison of Maceration and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method in Determining Quercetin Content of Clitoria ternatea L. Flowers

Butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) contain the compound quercetin which has been studied extensively. Butterfly pea flowers have shown various pharmacological activities. The extraction method has an impact on the amount of active compound extracted. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of different extraction methods on quercetin content of C. ternatea L flowers using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC system uses an ODS-3 column stationary phase; a mobile phase mixture of 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid and methanol (36:64); a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min; and a PDA-UV detector. The extraction methods used were maceration, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using methanol as a solvent. The results showed that the quercetin content of C. ternatea L flower extract with maceration method results was 1.0669 ± 0.0283 mg/g and with UAE method was 1.3915 ± 0.1789 mg/g. Statistical test results showed that differences in both extraction method did not have a significant effect on quercetin content. However, the UAE method is considered more efficient in terms of extraction time, so the UAE method can be used as an alternative for extracting quercetin from C. ternatea L. flowers.

Phytochemical Test and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Marigold Flower

Natural medicines are increasingly in demand for safety reasons and are believed to be able to cure certain diseases. Literacy reveals that the marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) has medicinal potential as an antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogen. This research aimed to identify marigold flower aqueous extract's phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. The method used in this exploratory research was the maceration of marigold flower simplicia using distilled water for 24 hours, followed by evaporation to obtain marigold flower aqueous extract. Then, phytochemical screening and antioxidant bioactivity tests were carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results of phytochemical screening showed that marigold flower water extract contained flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and tannins. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity test obtained an IC50 value of 50.77 ppm. From these results, it can be concluded that the aqueous extract of marigold flowers has medicinal potential with vigorous antioxidant activity.

The effect of telang flower extract on kidney function and histopathological features of obese rat kidneys

This study aims to determine the effect of oral administration of telang flower extract in several doses on histopathological changes in kidney organs. This study used a post test only control group design. Researchers used 6 Wistar rats for each experimental group, so that the total number of test animals in this study was 24. Grouping of test animals was done randomly into 4 test groups. Histopathological observations of kidney tissue were made by comparing the control and treatment groups. Changes observed will be the presence of fatty degeneration (vacuolization), necrosis and hydrophic degeneration. To obtain quantitative data, scoring was performed on each change found. The data from the study were then analyzed with the help of SPSS. Data normality test was analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p &gt; 0.05). To test the significance between test groups, one-way analysis of variance or One Way ANOVA technique was conducted at 95% confidence level (p &lt; 0.05). Further analysis or test was conducted using Post Hoc Test with LSD technique. The results showed that the administration of telang flower extract at a dose of 600mg/KgBB was effective in improving kidney function in obese Wistar white rats. This improvement is seen through increased levels of ureum, creatinine, and improved renal histological structure. Histopathological observation of kidney tissue showed that treatment group 3, which received telang flower extract at a dose of 600mg/KgBB, experienced significant improvement and was closer to the control group than the other groups.

Effect of moringa flower extract on liver function and histopathology appearance of obesity model rat's liver

This study aims to test and analyze the effectiveness of moringa flower extract on the liver function of male wistar strain white rats obesity model and how the histopathological picture. This research is a type of experimental quantitative research using post-test only group design. This study used test animals in the form of male white wistar rats with a body weight of 200-300 gr aged 2-3 months. The test animals were divided into 4 groups, the control group was only given regular food and distilled water, the treatment group was given high-fat food and Moringa flower extract at different doses, namely 200 mg / kgBB, 400 mg / kgBB, and 600 mg / kgBB. The results of the phytochemical test showed that moringa flower extract contains secondary metabolites in the form of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The administration of moringa flower extract at a dose of 600 mg/KgBB is effective in improving liver function in obese Wistar white rats. This improvement can be seen through the levels of ALT, AST, and histological structure of the liver that has improved. The results of histopathological observations of liver tissue in treatment group 3, namely moringa flower extract at a dose of 600 mg/KgBB, experienced the most significant improvement and approached the control group compared to other groups.