Production Flow Research Articles

Modeling and simulation of laser-ignited Al-PTFE reactive material in vacuum

Despite extensive investigations elucidating the initial response behavior of aluminized polytetrafluoroethylene (Al-PTFE) under atmospheric pressure, research on their response in lean-oxygen environments pertinent to propulsion and explosion scenarios is still lacking. This paper theoretically analyzes the multi-physical processes of laser-ignited Al-PTFE, identifying the initial response, main chemical reaction paths, and gas-phase product flow mechanisms. A dynamic reaction model of Al-PTFE considering material moving front, chemical reactions, gas-phase product dynamics, and variations in thermophysical properties, was developed. The robust coupling scheme in the model addresses nonlinear equations and fluid-solid coupling boundary conditions. Validation was achieved by comparing the ablation depth and plume number density field calculated by the model with the experimental results in the literature. The model reveals a positive correlation between laser fluence and both temperature growth rate and ablation depth of Al-PTFE, with the effects mainly observed in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the pulsed laser due to the thermal decomposition of the PTFE matrix. Simulations of the equilibrium constants and molar fractions of 19 components in the Al-PTFE ablation plume within the temperature range of 2000 K to 30,000 K at 0.001 Pa indicate that the equilibrium constants for dissociative reactions exceed those for ionization reactions, primarily in the early plume formation stages. Analysis of kinetic parameters and ambient pressure effects shows that during laser ablation, the maximum temperature of the plume initially appears near the ablation surface, shifting to the front, where the maximum velocity is always located. An elliptical shock wave forms due to adiabatic expansion of the plume, creating a cavity inside the plume. Lower ambient pressure increases plume expansion velocity, temperature, and size.

A Semantic Digital Twin for the Dynamic Scheduling of Industry 4.0-based Production of Precast Concrete Elements

Precast concrete construction enhances project efficiency, sustainability, and durability by leveraging a controlled production environment that ensures high-quality outputs. Still, the sequential nature of off-site production, encompassing casting, curing, and storage of the precast elements, is subject to significant uncertainties, including supply chain variability and environmental factors affecting curing times. Dynamic adjustments to the production schedule are essential for aligning with real-time changes, necessitating a robust framework for real-time data acquisition and analysis. Dynamic Scheduling (DS) is a responsive and adaptive approach that accommodates real-time changes, optimizes the production flow, and minimizes downtime or delays. However, the DS approach demands real-time data to quickly and efficiently respond to unforeseen challenges, which requires acquiring and analyzing production-relevant data throughout the production process. The Digital Twin (DT) emerges in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) as a bridge between physical operations and digital capabilities, enabling a seamless flow of information, for which the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is a reference implementation. This study introduces a DS framework to optimize precast element production, utilizing a DT for real-time data aggregation across the production system. The framework implements a Semantic DT based on the AAS and the Linked Data approach. It employs Resource Description Framework (RDF) serialization of the AAS and an ontological representation of the production system for data integration. The framework leverages a simulation-based scheduler, which exchanges data with the DT in a Service-oriented Architecture (SoA) using SPARQL, a language for querying and updating graph databases. The approach is evaluated through a proof of concept, demonstrating effective uncertainty management in a dynamic production environment.

Supply Chain Analysis Orchid and Impact on Orchid Commodities Sales in Rawa Belong Market Jakarta

This study aims to 1) determine the flow of products, finance and information of orchid commodities and their impact on sales in Pasar Rawa Belong Jakarta and 2) determine marketing efficiency according to marketing margins and farmer's share. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative descriptive is used to determine the product flow, financial flow and information flow of vanda douglas orchid in Pamulang Sub-district while quantitative is used to determine the marketing efficiency of vanda douglas orchid in Pamulang based on marketing margin and farmer's share. The sampling technique was purposive sampling for farmers, village collectors, wholesalers and retailers. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and marketing margin analysis. The results showed that there were four marketing channels formed in the orchid supply chain in Pamulang District consisting of product flow, financial flow and information flow in each marketing channel. Marketing channel III is the most efficient channel with a marketing efficiency value of 3.36% and has entered the criteria <5%, the total marketing margin value of Rp 300 / stem and the farmer's share value of 85%.

Supply Chain Analysis Orchid and Impact on Orchid Commodities Sales in Rawa Belong Market Jakarta

This study aims to 1) determine the flow of products, finance and information of orchid commodities and their impact on sales in Pasar Rawa Belong Jakarta and 2) determine marketing efficiency according to marketing margins and farmer's share. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative descriptive is used to determine the product flow, financial flow and information flow of vanda douglas orchid in Pamulang Sub-district while quantitative is used to determine the marketing efficiency of vanda douglas orchid in Pamulang based on marketing margin and farmer's share. The sampling technique was purposive sampling for farmers, village collectors, wholesalers and retailers. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and marketing margin analysis. The results showed that there were four marketing channels formed in the orchid supply chain in Pamulang District consisting of product flow, financial flow and information flow in each marketing channel. Marketing channel III is the most efficient channel with a marketing efficiency value of 3.36% and has entered the criteria <5%, the total marketing margin value of Rp 300 / stem and the farmer's share value of 85%.

Supply Chain Management Using Block Chain Technology

The incorporation of blockchain technology in supply chain management has emerged as a revolutionary solution, offering enhanced transparency, efficiency, and security across the entire supply chain network. This study presents a thorough examination of the intersection between supply chain management and blockchain, emphasizing the key advantages, obstacles, and recent advancements. The integration of blockchain in supply chain management tackles crucial issues such as traceability, origin, and trust. Through the establishment of a decentralized and unchangeable ledger, stakeholders throughout the supply chain obtain immediate insight into the flow and condition of products. This level of transparency not only minimizes the risk of fraud and counterfeiting but also strengthens the overall resilience of the supply chain. The proposed framework will leverage Blockchain technology to establish a transparent and tamper-resistant record of every transaction and event across the supply chain lifecycle. Every participant in the supply chain ecosystem, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, logistics providers, and consumers, will be able to access a shared ledger, facilitating real-time monitoring of the movement and status of products.

Projecting and Transforming the Net Structure of Delivery Chains in Conditions of Latest Geo-Political Changes

Logistics in Russia has been actively developing lately. One of key trends in this process implies building a net structure by logistic companies as a foundation for efficient and competitive delivery chains. The article studied development of a net structure of delivery chains and specific features of new reality of net functioning, where their transformation shall take place. It was found out that strategic goals, which are targeted at by logistic company plans are based on rational net configuration. Availability of rationally projected logistic chains both inside the country and abroad became unquestionable competitive advantage that allowed companies to move goods to the final consumer. Globalization of economy in certain countries and the development of international trade in the last decade provided logistic companies with wide opportunities for profitable territorial location of delivery chain links. However, the desired success of logistic companies in attaining goals of functioning faced today’s transport and logistics reality caused by pressure of numerous factors connected with sanctions against Russia, which led to the necessity to transform net configuration. In view of this the authors discussed in more detail the mechanism of some factors, which can result in distortion of product flows and arising of new ones, including in international delivery chains.

Geology Matters for Antarctic Geothermal Heat

AbstractGeothermal heat plays a vital role in Antarctic ice sheet stability. The continental geothermal heat flow distribution depends on lithospheric composition and ongoing tectonism. Heat‐producing elements are unevenly enriched in the crust over deep time by various geological processes. The contribution of crustal heat production to geothermal heat flow is widely recognized; however, in Antarctica, crustal geology is largely hidden, and its complexity has frequently been excluded in thermal studies due to limited observations and oversimplified assumptions. Li and Aitken (2024), https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106201 take a significant step forward, focusing on Antarctic crustal radiogenic heat. Utilizing gravity inversion and rock composition data, they show that the crustal heterogeneity introduces considerable variability to heat flow. However, modeling crustal heat production proves challenging because it lacks distinct associations with geophysical observables and has a narrow spatial association. Robust quantification of geothermal heat production and heat flow must incorporate explicit aspects of geology.

The Post-2011 Yemen Internationalized Civil War: It’s National, Regional and Global Implications

The purpose of this paper is to make an in-depth analysis of the post-2011 Yemen internationalized civil war and its implications on national, regional, and global social, economic, and political spheres of influence. In this place, the study uses a qualitative research approach. On top of this to achieve the stated objectives of the study the data was collected purposively from published and unpublished materials like articles, magazines, reports, and the materials available online. At the national level, Yemen has failed in worsening social, economic, and political situations portrayed by the civil war crisis. The internationalized Yemen civil war triggered grave consequences on infrastructure, and economic activities, in which trade; investment, and business opportunities were demolished. Besides, it caused thousands of civilians displaced, indiscriminately attacked, killed, flee their homes, and become refugees. Similarly, the intensive Yemen civil war deteriorated the free flows of oil production, commodities as well as maritime trade in the region. Significantly, the fragile conditions pave the way for the network of illegal traffic activities in the region. The Yemen post-2011 internationalized civil war has caused potential risk to international shipping transiting to the Red sea which is the strategic route for oil cargo and other commercial movements to the global market. Furthermore, the Yemen civil conflict caused the world’s largest humanitarian crisis and the European Union has responded to the catastrophes.

Data Visualisation of the National Bibliography of Sweden in 2015–2022

The aim of the article is to analyse the experience of visualising the national bibliography data as a method of studying the documentary flow of the country’s publishing products, and as a means of imaging publishing industry statistics (using the example of Sweden). Research methods. Achieving the set goal is carried out using a system of general scientific and special methods: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, etc.), empirical (description), review and analytical, comparative, statistical, etc.). The methodological basis of the study are general scientific principles of objectivity, complexity, continuity and comprehensiveness. From the standpoint of scientific methodology, the issue is studied on the system approach basis. Scientific novelty. The conducted analysis of the project in data visualisation of the national bibliography of Sweden presents an original approach to imaging some certain bibliographic data set, studying the documentary flow of publishing products, conducting publishing statistics, and informing users more widely in an accessible form. Main conclusions. The national bibliography of Sweden presents current and quality statistics data on the country’s publishing products. Implemented by the Royal Library of Sweden, the project in bibliographic data visualisation shows that the national bibliography, as an authoritative and transparent indicator of tendencies in Swedish book publishing, makes it possible not only to analyse the products publication, but also to clearly and definitely visualise and illustrate it. Visualisation makes it possible to identify certain relationships in the set of information about new publications, to display the distribution of data, as well as composition and comparison. The project demonstrates the ability of the Royal Library of Sweden, as a national bibliographic agency, to effectively and efficiently adapt to the modern media-landscape, and respond to the current demands of time and the users’ needs. Mastering the Swedish experience in data visualisation can contribute to improving the Ukrainian bibliographic practice and transformation of the national bibliography of Ukraine in the digital environment.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI SEBELUM DAN SETELAH WELLSERVICE PADA SUMUR X LAPANGAN Y PT PERTAMINA EP

Well X started production on February 9th, 2012 with oil production of 217 BOPD and peak production on March 1th, 2012 with oil production of 2756 BOPD. As production progresses, the reservoir pressure will decrease resulting in a decrease in the production rate. Well X was shut-in on March 7th, 2023 with oil production of 197 BOPD and watercut reaching 91.27%. The location of this study is administratively located in Campurejo Village, Bojonegoro District, Bojonegoro Regency. Analysis of well potential and well forecasting are carried out by the Wiggins method. This method was chosen because the X well has a three-phase fluid and a high water cut. The calculation results show a maximum flow rate of 4111.52 BFPD and an optimum flow rate of 2466.91 BFPD. After calculating the optimum flow rate, and to avoid water cloning, it is recommended that wells be produced with a production flow rate of 2412.54 BFPD at a well base flow pressure (Pwf) of 1368 Psi. Keyword: well service; IPR; future IPR

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF FUNCTIONING OF COMMERCIAL PORTS OF UKRAINE

Thearticle presents the results of the study of the functioning of the ports of Ukraine through the prism of the impact of the war. A generalized analysis of the operation of Ukraine's ports from the first wave of blockade by the Russian Federation in 2022 to the current state is presented, including the actual throughput capacity of functioning ports and the nomenclature of cargo handling by Danube ports in 2023. In addition, the dynamics and structure of the supply of agricultural products by the main modes of transport are provided, where the importance of the ports of Ukraine as the main way of exporting agricultural products to ensure their arrival on international markets is highlighted; shows changes in grain and wheat prices between January 2021 and August 2023 based on International Grains Council indices. The role of the ports of the Danube region and the grain agreement for the export of cargo flows of agricultural andother products to African and Asian markets is singled out. The question of the potential for further development, development, modernization and renewal of the infrastructure of the ports of Izmail, Reni, and Ust-Dunaysk was revealed. The restoration of ship calls to the ports of Greater Odessa thanks to the formation of Ukraine's own humanitarian corridor was emphasized. The consequences of Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine in the field of port activity are grouped due to the consequences of direct and indirect influence. The risks of shipping among the countries of the Azov-Black Sea basin from the standpoint of security are summarized. It is concluded that the consequences of the protracted war scenario in Ukraine will have a negative impact not only on the port industry, but will also become a catalyst for an economic crisis in the developed economies of the world.

Multiphase flow and geomechanical behavior induced by gas production from silty-clay hydrate reservoirs through different horizontal well scenarios

Accurately predicting the coupled response behaviors during production is essential for the exploitation of gas hydrate. However, the multiphase flow and geomechanical analysis for gas production through horizontal wells in fine-grained sediments are few reported. In this study, a coupled thermal–hydraulic-mechanical (THM) model is carried out to assess the production response behaviors under different schemes. The simulation results indicate that the cumulative gas production for dual horizontal wells by depressurization assisted with hot water injection (Winj) is about 4.0 times and 2.46 times as much as that of single horizontal one and dual horizontal wells without Winj during the short-term production, respectively. However, the corresponding multiples in gas production become 2.63 and 1.40 times for the long-term production. The seafloor uplift for these three production scenarios is similar and approximately 0.06 m within 30 days. However, the ultimate seabed subsidence are 1.15 m, 1.56 m and 2.59 m, respectively. The Z-displacement undergoes approximately linear reduction with depth, while the X-displacement exhibits a gradient distribution except in the near-wellbore area. By contrast, dual horizontal wells under the hybrid production condition have the highest gas productivity and the minimal instability risk. Furthermore, the modified Fetkovich formula can effectively perform the inflow dynamic analysis of horizontal well systems by depressurization. These findings provide a reference for determining production strategies involving horizontal wells in silty clay reservoirs.

Methodology for location of leakages and unauthorized tie-ins on oil pipelines

Relevance. Pipeline transportation of oil and oil products is one of the most efficient and cost-effective modes of transport in the modern world. Despite this, this type of transport can also be environmentally hazardous in case of leakages caused, for example, by corrosion, violation of operating rules, unauthorized tie-ins. Non-operational localization and liquidation of leakages and unauthorized tie-ins is often not only the cause of significant financial losses, but also accidents and pollution of the area of varying severity and scale. Nowadays, the issue of determining the leakage that has occurred and its location in the shortest possible time remains open. In this regard, the development of new and improvement of existing methods for detecting leakages and tie-ins in pipelines is an urgent task today. Aim. To study the effect of the total head shift, which occurs when taking into account the change in the power of pumping units due to product leakage, on the accuracy of determining the localization of leakage or unauthorized tie-in; to improve the existing methods for determining the leakage coordinate taking into account the change in the total head developed by the oil pumping station. Methods. Modeling the occurrence of a leakage or unauthorized tie-in with a different percentage of product losses, constructing hydraulic slope lines with leakages of varying intensity in different coordinates, a comparative analysis of the results obtained from the considered existing methods and those proposed by the authors. Results. The authors have modeled the leakages in various coordinates and determined the possibility of the proposed method operation for finding the coordinates of leakages. They calculated as well the errors in determining the location of the tie-in or leakage, depending on the pump power drops when the product flows out of the oil pipeline. The paper introduces the formula for the localization of leakages or tie-ins, considering the change in the power of pumping units and, as a result, the total head.

Digital twin-based anomaly detection for real-time tool condition monitoring in machining

Real-time tool condition monitoring (TCM) has been emerging as a key technology for smart manufacturing. TCM can improve the dimensional accuracy of products, minimize machine tool downtime, and eliminate scraps and re-work costs. Digital twins offer new opportunities for real-time monitoring of machining processes, which can, in principle, take into account changes in machining processes and operating environments, help understand mechanisms of cutting tool wear, and improve the anomaly detection accuracy and fault diagnosis results. The present study exploits these potential advantages of digital twins and proposes a new digital twin-based anomaly detection framework for real-time TCM in machining. The framework of the digital twin consists of three parts: the physical product, the virtual product and data flow connections. Within this framework of the digital twin, the “physical product” represents the machining processes. The “virtual product” includes a real-time data-driven model representing the dynamic relationship between vibration data measured from machining processes as well as the model frequency features (MFFs)-based diagnostics for cutting tool anomaly detection. The “data flow connections” involve real-time measured vibration data and machine tool numerical controller (NC) signals providing real-time information on machine tool dynamics and various machining processes. The novelty is associated with an innovative integration of real-time data-driven modeling, MFFs extraction, and MFFs and machine tool NC signal-based tool wear diagnostics. This, for the first time, enables the concept of digital twins to be potentially applied to the TCM for complicated dynamic machining processes which, as far as we are aware of, has never been achieved before. Comprehensive field studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed digital twin-based TCM framework and its potential industrial applications.

Optimizing medical oxygen concentrators: Efficiency, flexibility, and patient-centric solutions

Medical oxygen concentrators (MOCs) play a vital role in providing oxygen therapy to patients with respiratory diseases. This paper offers a comprehensive evaluation of different adsorbents, including 13X, LiLSX, 5A, CaX, Ag-ETS-10, and AgLiLSX, utilized in MOCs. Process modeling and multi-objective optimization are conducted to assess the effectiveness of these adsorbents using the Skarstrøm cycle, employing pressure swing adsorption (PSA), vacuum swing adsorption (VSA), and pressure vacuum swing adsorption (PVSA) processes. The optimization result indicates that LiLSX is the top choice, providing medical-grade oxygen at a total product flow rate exceeding 15 SLPM. Additionally, 13X and CaX are identified as economical alternatives, particularly suitable for employment in the PSA and VSA processes, respectively. This study highlights the significance of establishing a connection between the Medical and Chemical Engineering communities through the direct incorporation of medical performance indicators, such as the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), into the optimization process. The findings serve as a guide for selecting an appropriate design based on the patient’s requirements and demonstrate LiLSX’s capability to meet a diverse range of treatments, achieving FIO2 values up to 0.75. Furthermore, we explore the flexibility of MOC designs in meeting the demands of multiple patients simultaneously and propose energy-efficient design options based on patient needs. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into optimizing MOCs, ensuring effective and reliable oxygen therapy for patients, while also addressing challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and potential global lithium scarcity.

Risk analysis of critical control points of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in layer farms and egg chicken distributors

Microbiological criteria play a role in verifying the critical control points (CCP), which become part of the hazard analysis, and the CCP system that guarantees quality, considering possible danger points or stages in the food production chain. Studies about Staphylococcus aureus in chicken eggs more extensively discuss the path, source, and level of prevalence of contamination at the final distributor or consumer. Therefore, this study investigates CCP contamination of S. aureus in chicken eggs and their potential consumption, which could endanger human health from the layer farm until the final distributor. This study is critical in health, public health, and veterinary medicine for preventing and controlling consumers' security. This study done for CCP on the chain distribution of chicken eggs starts with preparing production and distribution process flow diagrams for livestock, agents/wholesalers, and retailers. Confirmation of operational production in the field/location study is based on the flow chart that has been arranged, identifying all potential dangers associated with each stage and analyzing potential risks considering every action for controlling identified hazards. The next step involves pinpointing the CCP to counteract the identified threat. An application tree decision defines the CCP, and the logical and final approach is the determination limit critical to the CCP. Analysis results in the determination of CCP contamination of S. aureus, indicating that chicken eggs, personal hands (farm workers, wholesalers, and retailers), shelf eggs, and feces are CCP on farms.

Robust modeling of material flows to end‐uses under uncertainty: UK wood flows and material efficiency opportunities

AbstractIn this study we quantify wood flows from raw materials to end‐uses for the United Kingdom in a robust way using a new material flow analysis (MFA) model with uncertainty. This is important to identify opportunities for efficiency given constraints on wood supply. We have developed a new “ProbPACTOT” MFA model which introduces a systematic method to handle mixed units during reconciliation and uncertainty in data observations, conversion factors, and process recipes. This makes it possible to track material flows all the way to end‐uses, which is otherwise difficult because the diverse materials, data types, and units used to quantify end‐products are hard to integrate into standard allocation‐based MFA models. We apply the model for the case of wood in the United Kingdom by defining 56 process recipes and reconciling 117 data observations from various sources. The results quantify upstream production and trade flows, through to 19 specific end‐uses of wood fibers. We use this to show the potential scale of savings by enhancing material efficiency; for example, if pallets were used 25% more intensively, 0.49 0.2 of wood fibers could be saved, corresponding to 4%–7% of the total soft sawnwood consumption of the United Kingdom. Judging the scale of opportunities for wood material efficiency in the United Kingdom is important domestically, and has global significance as the United Kingdom is the second largest net importer of wood products in the world. Moreover, this study proposes an important advancement in MFA giving a structure for modeling uncertain material flows up to end‐uses, applicable to any material. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

Assessment of robustness attributes in electronic products supply chains

To facilitate the shift to circular models, supply chains urgently need to be strengthened and made more resilient and robust. The COVID-19 pandemic generated problems in logistics activities, disrupting supply chains, including electronic products flows. In this context, based on the need to keep supply chains reliable in the face of the risks inherent in their processes, this work aims to identify the attributes for a robust supply chain and analyze the interrelationship among them using DEMATEL technique. As a result, it was observed that the agility factor, risk-oriented management, and flexibility are the most important factors, and that Information Technology and Human Resources are the most influential (causal factors) for the design of a robust supply chain in the context of electronic products.

Functional analysis of multi-scale fractures within a single fracture cluster in multi-horizontal wells

Defining the fracture function at each scale in the reservoir helps to analyze and optimize the thermal recovery properties of the reservoir. This study aims to reveal the functionalities of fractures at different scales by simulating one single fracture cluster coupled in multi-scale fractures. The geometric layout and parameter characteristics of the main fractures, branch fractures, and micro-fracture domain are investigated to speculate on their functions and influence on heat extraction performance. The results display that the main fractures and micro-fracture domain serve as the predominant channel for fluid flow. The branch fractures exert control over the flow transition from the main fractures to the micro-fracture domain, thereby influencing the generation of preferential flow. Micro-fracture domain is the primary way of fluid filtration loss. When the thickness of micro-fracture domain increased from 0 m to 20 m, the production flow rate increased from 2 kg/s to 4.2 kg/s, and the water loss ratio increased from 1 % to 4.9 %. However, expanding the micro-fracture domain can significantly enhance production flow rate and heat recovery rate at the expense of increased water loss ratio. Notably, preferential-flow-induced thermal breakthrough will not occur prematurely in this process. The permeability of branch fractures exerts the most substantial influence on the overall heat extraction, owing to its greatest impact on reservoir lifespan. These findings would provide valuable insights for optimizing fracturing morphology in multi-horizontal wells.

Optimal Strategy of Unreliable Flexible Production System Using Information System

Background: Optimization approaches and a models can be applied for critical production systems that experience equipment failure, repair delays and product quality control in order to maximize the total profit. We can cite, as an example, flexible manufacturing systems. Methods: Our methodology involves developing a decision model integrated with an information system to coordinate various system operations, ensuring timely response to customer requests. The module of the information system is provided to optimally manage the production flow and parts ordering according to machine availability. The objective is to determine the optimal order thresholds of part batches that maximize the total profit. Results: Numerical results are provided to analyze the influence of system reliability and uncertainty on decision variables, offering insights into the system’s performance and robustness. By using our method, the advancement of the flexible production systems is carried out by addressing key operational challenges and optimizing production processes for enhanced efficiency and profitability. Conclusions: To achieve this, an optimization algorithm is employed to identify optimal solutions that enhance profitability.