non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow Research Articles

Homotopy perturbation method for MHD pulsatile non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with heat transfer through a non-Darcy porous medium

Abstract In this contribution, the MHD pulsatile mechanism with heat transfer of an incompressible non-Newtonian nanofluid between two permeable parallel vertical plates is investigated. The effects of non-Darcy porous medium, radiation, Ohmic and viscous dissipation are included. By using the homotopy perturbation method, a solution is obtained, which is in a good agreement with the momentum, energy and nanoparticles equations. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles distributions are obtained.

Assessment and optimization of hydrothermal characteristics for a non-Newtonian nanofluid flow within miniaturized concentric-tube heat exchanger considering designer’s viewpoint

Flow and convective heat transfer of a non-Newtonian nanofluid containing Cu nanoparticles in the annuli are investigated. The base fluid is solution of 0.4wt% Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) in water, having pseudo-plastic behavior. Increasing the concentration and reducing the particle size enhance the pressure drop of the nanofluid flow, and also the convective heat transfer coefficient on both inner and outer walls of the annulus. Meanwhile by narrowing the annulus, the pressure drop intensifies and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall improves, while that of the inner wall decreases. The influence of the concentration changing on the pressure drop is more significant than the effects of radius ratio and particle size. Using the data obtained from the numerical simulations, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to predict the convective heat transfer coefficients in both wall, and the pressure drop in terms of radius ratio, volume concentration, and particle size. In addition, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) coupled with compromise programming technique is employed for optimization in order to find the optimal cases with maximum heat transfer and minimum pressure drop considering designer’s viewpoint. Eventually, the optimum states are suggested and discussed under the various conditions.

Passive control of nanoparticle due to convective heat transfer of Prandtl fluid model at the stretching surface

The objective of present research work is to establish the non-Newtonian nanofluid flow and heat transfer along a stretching surface. Stagnation point flow of Prandtl nanofluid is purposed over a convective surface where zero normal flux of nanoparticles is considered to disperse the particle away from the surface. Physical problem is governed by mathematical model which consists of continuity, momentum, energy and concentration equations which are adapt to non-linear ordinary differential equations using transformation of variables. Numerical computational is implemented for coupled nonlinear equations using finite difference method (FDM) to analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics under the influence of various physical parameters namely: Prandtl fluid parameter, elastic parameter, magnetic parameter, stagnation parameter, Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis number, stretching parameter, and Biot number. Obtained results describe the effects of significant parameters on temperature and nanoparticle volume concentration due to zero flux and convective boundary condition. It is found that due to zero flux, concentration of nanoparticles disperse at the surface within the boundary layer region.

Nonlinear convection in nano Maxwell fluid with nonlinear thermal radiation: A three-dimensional study

The combined effects of nonlinear thermal convection and radiation in 3D boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid are scrutinized numerically. The flow is induced by the stretching of a flat plate in two lateral directions. The mechanism of heat and mass transport under thermophoretic and Brownian motion is elaborated via implementation of the thermal convective condition. The prevailing two-point nonlinear boundary value problem is reduced to a two-point ordinary differential problem by employing suitable similarity transformations. The solutions are computed by the implementation of homotopic scheme. At the end, a comprehensive parametric study has been conducted to analyze the typical trend of the solutions. It is found that the nanoparticle volume fraction and temperature profiles are stronger for the case of solar radiation in comparison with problem without radiation.

Thermal radiation and slip effects on MHD stagnation point flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid over a convective stretching surface

The present analysis examines the combine effects of thermal radiation and velocity slip along a convectively nonlinear stretching surface. Moreover, MHD effects are also considered near the stagnation point flow of Casson nanofluid. Slipped effects are considered with the porous medium to reduce the drag reduction at the surface of the sheet. Main structure of the system is based upon the system of partial differential equations attained in the form of momentum, energy, and concentration equations. To determine the similar solution system of PDEs is rehabilitated into the set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing compatible similarity transformation. Important physical parameters are acquired through obtained differential equations. To determine the influence of emerging parameters, resulting set of ODE’s in term of unknown function of velocity, temperature, and concentration are successfully solved via Keller’s box-scheme. All the obtained unknown functions are discussed in detail after plotting the results against each physical parameter. To analyze the behavior at the surface: skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also illustrated against the velocity ratio parameter A, Brownian motion Nb, thermophoresis Nt, and thermal radiation parameters R. Results obtained from the set of equations described that skin friction is decreasing function of A, and local Nusselt and Sherwood number demonstrate the significant influenced by Brownian motion Nb, thermophoresis Nt, and radiation parameters R.

Group method analysis of mixed convection stagnation-point flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid over a vertical stretching surface

The group method analysis is applied to study the steady mixed convection stagnation-point flow of a non-Newtonian nanofluid towards a vertical stretching surface. The model utilized for the nanofluid incorporates the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Applying the one-parameter transformation group which reduces the number of independent variables by one and thus, the system of governing partial differential equations has been converted to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and these equations are then computed numerically using the implicit finite-difference scheme. Comparison with previously published studies is executed and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. Results for the velocity, temperature, and the nanoparticle volume fraction profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are presented in graphical and tabular forms, and discussed for different values of the governing parameters to show interesting features of the solutions.

Lie group analysis of flow and heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluid over a stretching surface with convective boundary condition

The steady two-dimensional flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian power-law nanofluid over a stretching surface under convective boundary conditions and temperature-dependent fluid viscosity has been numerically investigated. The power-law rheology is adopted to describe non-Newtonian characteristics of the flow. Four different types of nanoparticles, namely copper (Cu), silver (Ag), alumina (Al 2 O 3) and titanium oxide (TiO 2) are considered by using sodium alginate (SA) as the base non-Newtonian fluid. Lie symmetry group transformations are used to convert the boundary layer equations into non-linear ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are solved numerically by using a shooting method with fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme. The results show that the effect of viscosity on the heat transfer rate is remarkable only for relatively strong convective heating. Moreover, the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer increase with an increase in Biot number.

Homotopy perturbation method to MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through a porous medium in eccentric annuli with peristalsis

In this contribution, the magnetohydrodynamic non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through a porous medium in eccentric annuli with peristalsis is investigated. This has been done under the combined effect of viscous dissipation and radiation. The inner annulus is rigid and at rest, while the outer annulus has a sinusoidal wave traveling down its wall. The fundamental equations are modulated under the long wave length assumptions, and a closed form of solution is obtained for the axial velocity. While, homotopy perturbation solution is obtained, which satisfies the energy and nanoparticles equations. Numerical results for the axial velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles phenomena distributions as well as the reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are obtained and tabulated for various parametric conditions.

Numerical investigation of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow in a converging microchannel

In the present study the flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid through a converging microchannel is investigated numerically. TiO2 nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter are dispersed in an aqueous solution of 0.5 %.wt Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to produce the nanofluid. Both nanofluid and the base fluid show pseudoplastic behavior. The equations have been solved with finite volume approach using collocated grid. It has been found that by increasing the volume fraction and Reynolds number and the convergence angle, the Nusselt number increases. Also, it has been observed that by increasing convergence angle and decreasing aspect ratio of the channel, the velocity of the channel increases.

Analytical approximation of heat and mass transfer in MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with convective surface boundary conditions

The paper provides an analytical investigation, homotopy analysis method (HAM), of the heat and mass transfer for magnetohydrodynamic Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of convective boundary condition. The PDE governing equations, which consist of equations of continuity, momentum, energy and nanoparticles, are converted to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The current HAM solution demonstrates very good correlation with those of the previously published studies in the special cases. The influences of different flow physical parameters such as the Deborah numbers in terms of relaxation and retardation times ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), magnetic parameter (M), Prandtl number (Pr), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Lewis number (Le), and Biot number (Bi) on the fluid velocity component [Formula: see text], temperature distribution [Formula: see text] and concentration [Formula: see text] as well as the local Nusselt number [Formula: see text] and the local Sherwood number [Formula: see text] are discussed in detail.

The effect of velocity and dimension of solid nanoparticles on heat transfer in non-Newtonian nanofluid

In this investigation, the behavior of non-Newtonian nanofluid hydrodynamic and heat transfer are simulated. In this study, we numerically simulated a laminar forced non-Newtonian nanofluid flow containing a 0.5wt% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solutionin water as the base fluid with alumina at volume fractions of 0.5 and 1.5 as the solid nanoparticle. Numerical solution was modelled in Cartesian coordinate system in a two-dimensional microchannel in Reynolds number range of 10≤Re≤1000. The analyzed geometrical space here was a rectangular part of whose upper and bottom walls was influenced by a constant temperature. The effect of volume fraction of the nanoparticles, Reynolds number and non-Newtonian nanofluids was studied. In this research, the changes pressure drop, the Nusselt number, dimensionless temperature and heat transfer coefficient, caused by the motion of non-Newtonian nanofluids are described. The results indicated that the increase of the volume fraction of the solid nanoparticles and a reduction in the diameter of the nanoparticles would improve heat transfer which is more significant in Reynolds number. The results of the introduced parameters in the form of graphs drawing and for different parameters are compared.

Fluid flow and heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluid in a microtube considering slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions

Forced convection of non-Newtonian nanofluid, aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)–Aluminum oxide through a microtube is studied numerically. The length and diameter of tube are L=5 mm and D=0.2 mm, respectively which means the length is long enough compared to the diameter. The effects of different values of nanoparticles volume fraction, slip coefficient and Reynolds number are investigated on the slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. Moreover the suitable validations are presented to confirm the achieved results accuracy. The results are shown as the dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles; however the profiles of local and averaged Nusselt number are also provided. It is seen that more volume fraction and slip coefficient correspond to higher Nusselt number especially at larger amounts of Re.

A numerical study of unsteady non-Newtonian Powell-Eyring nanofluid flow over a shrinking sheet with heat generation and thermal radiation

In this paper we investigate the unsteady boundary-layer flow of an incompressible Powell-Eyring nanofluid over a shrinking surface. The effects of heat generation and thermal radiation on the fluid flow are taken into account. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear differential equations that describe the transport processes are obtained using a multi-domain bivariate spectral quasilinearization method. This innovative technique involves coupling bivariate Lagrange interpolation with quasilinearization. The solutions of the resulting system of equations are then obtained in a piecewise manner in a sequence of multiple intervals using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. A parametric study shows how various parameters influence the flow and heat transfer processes. The validation of the results, and the method used here, has been achieved through a comparison of the current results with previously published results for selected parameter values. In general, an excellent agreement is observed. The results from this study show that the fluid parameters ε and δ reduce the flow velocity and the momentum boundary-layer thickness. The heat generation and thermal radiation parameters are found to enhance both the temperature and thermal boundary-layer thicknesses.

Enhanced heat transfer in liquid thin film flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids embedded with graphene nanoparticles

Recent days, graphene is emanating as one of the most encouraging nanomaterials due to its continuous electrical conducting behaviour even at zero carrier concentrations. Heat transfer in non-Newtonian fluids plays a major role in technology and in nature due to its stress relaxation, shear thinning and thickening properties. With this incentive, we investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of electrically conducting liquid film flow of water based non-Newtonian nanofluids dispensed with graphene nanoparticles. For this investigation, we proposed a mathematical model for the flow of Jeffrey, Maxwell and Oldroyd-B nanofluids past a stretching surface in the presence of transverse magnetic field and non-uniform heat source/sink. Numerical results are carried out by employing Runge-Kutta-Felhberg integration scheme. The influence of pertinent parameters on reduced Nusselt number, friction factor, flow and heat transfer is discussed with the assistance of graphs. Embedding the graphene nanoparticles effectively enhances the thermal conductivity of Jeffrey nanofluid when compared with the Oldroyd-B and Maxwell nanofluids. Deborah number in terms of relaxation time plays a major role in convective heat transfer.

Boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian nanofluid over a non-linearly stretching sheet

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a power-law non-Newtonian nanofluid over a non-linearly stretching sheet. Design/methodology/approach The governing equations describing the problem are transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equations by suitable similarity transformations. The resulting equations for this investigation are solved numerically by using the variational finite element method. Findings It was found that the local Nusselt number increases by increasing the Prandtl number, stretching sheet parameter and decreases by increasing the power-law index, thermophoresis parameter and Lewis number. Increases in the stretching sheet parameter, Prandtl number and thermophoresis parameter decrease the local Sherwood number values. The effects of Brownian motion and Lewis number lead to increases in the local Sherwood number values. Originality/value The work is relatively original as very little work has been reported on non-Newtonian nanofluids.

Entropy generation as a practical tool of optimisation for non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through a permeable stretching surface using SLM

Abstract In this article, entropy generation on non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell nanofluid has been analysed through a permeable stretching sheet. The governing flow problem is based on linear momentum, thermal energy, and nanoparticle concentration equation which are simplified with the help of similarity transformation variables. The resulting coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically with the help of Successive Linearization method (SLM) and Chebyshev Spectral collocation method. The novel characteristics of all the physical parameters are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. The expression for local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number is also taken into account. It is observed that velocity profile increases due to the greater influence of suction parameter. Moreover, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter significantly enhance the temperature profile, however Brownian motion parameter shows converse behaviour on nanoparticle concentration profile. Entropy profile acts as an increasing function of all the pertinent parameters. Highlights This study analyses entropy generation on non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell nanofluid through a permeable stretching sheet. The governing flow problem is modelled with the help of similarity transformation variables. The physical behavior of all parameters of the problem is discussed. Comparison with an existing results shows the validity of the present methodology.

Numerical study of laminar non-Newtonian nanofluid flow in a T-Junction: Investigation of viscous dissipation and temperature dependent properties

In this paper, mixing of laminar non-Newtonian nanofluid flow in a two dimensional microchannels is numerically investigated. The governing equations are discretized using the finite volume approach. The selected non-Newtonian nanofluid is an aqueous solution of 0.5wt% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with 10nm diameter TiO2 nanoparticles. The nanofluid as well as the base fluid exhibit pseudoplastic behavior. In the current study, new correlations for the power-law index, the consistency index and the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid as a function of temperature and volume fraction are presented. Furthermore, the significance of the viscous dissipation term on the nanofluid behavior is studied. The results showed that adding nanoparticles to the non-Newtonian fluid intensifies its non-Newtonian treatment. For the mixing process and diffusing the wall temperature into the fluid, a low Reynolds number and high volume fraction is promising, the same condition is also favorable from the “Thermal Performance Factor” study.

MHD flow and heat transfer of a power-law non-Newtonian nanofluid (Cu–H2O) over a vertical stretching sheet

A steady-state mixed convection boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting nanofluid (Cu–H2O) obeying a power-law model in the presence of an alternating magnetic field due to a stretching vertical heated sheet is investigated numerically through the use of Wolfram Mathematica. The surface stretching velocity and the surface temperature are assumed to vary as linear functions of the distance from the origin. A similarity solution is presented, which depends on the nanoparticle volume fraction, power-law parameter, magnetic field parameter, buoyancy convection parameter, and modified Prandtl number.

Symmetry group and numerical study of non-Newtonian nanofluid transport in a porous medium with multiple convective boundary and nonlinear radiation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study two-dimensional nonlinear radiative-convective, steady-state boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian power-law nanofluids along a flat vertical plate in a saturated porous medium taking into account thermal and mass convective boundary conditions numerically. Design/methodology/approach – The governing equations are reduced to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with relevant boundary conditions. The transformed equations are then solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order numerical method with Maple 17 and Adomian decomposition method (ADM) in Mathematica. Findings – The transformed equations are controlled by the parameter: power-law exponent, n; temperature ratio, Tr; Rosseland radiation-conduction, R; conduction-convection, Nc; and diffusion-convection, Nd. Temperature and nanoparticle concentration is enhanced with convection-diffusion parameter as are temperatures. Velocities are depressed with greater power-law rheological index whereas temperatures are elevated. Increasing thermal radiation flux accelerate the flow but to strongly heat the boundary layer. Very good correlation of the Maple solutions with previous stationary free stream and ADM solutions for a moving free stream, are obtained. Practical implications – The study is relevant to high temperature nano-polymer manufacturing systems. Originality/value – Lie symmetry group is used for the first time to transform the governing equations into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with relevant boundary conditions. The study is relevant to high temperature nano-polymer manufacturing systems.

Modeling and analysis for hydromagnetic three-dimensional flow of second grade nanofluid

The present research explores the hydromagnetic (MHD) three-dimensional flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid due to an exponentially stretching surface. The flow is generated due to an exponentially stretching surface. Constitutive expressions of second grade fluid are employed in the mathematical formulation. Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are considered. Fluid is electrically conducted in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The induced magnetic field is not considered subject to a low magnetic Reynolds number. Appropriate transformations yield the nonlinear ordinary differential systems. The resulting nonlinear systems are solved successfully. Impact reflecting the contributions of various interesting parameters entering into the problems is studied in detail. Skin friction coefficients and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also computed and analyzed. The present work is hoped to be useful in improving the performance of heat transfer of base fluid.