Floristic Inventory Research Articles

The Identification of Several Dipterocarpaceae and Fagaceae Trees by Barcode DNA Coupled with High-Resolution Melting Analysis

The loss of forests is a major environmental, social, and economic problem. The disappearance has been occurring to an extreme degree in many parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand. Logging and clearing of forests for agriculture, cash crops, and food production has destroyed much of the tropical forests in Thailand. Floristic inventory could provide essential information for forest conservation but species identification as a part of inventory creating could be challenging in some cases. Barcode DNA coupled with High Resolution Melting analysis (Bar-HRM) was used here in aiding species identification of plant in Dipterocarpaceae (Dipterocarpus alatus, D. costatu, D. intricatus, D. obtusifolius, Hopea ferrea, H. odorata, Shorea guiso, S. obtuse, S. roxburghii, and S. siamensis) and Fagaceae (Castanopsis echinocarpa, C. inermis, Lithocarpus wallichianus, Quercus aliena and Q. oidocarpa) families. Two main experiments were conducted including: (1) a comparing method for primer design and (2) testing the robustness of the Bar-HRM by trying to identify tree samples that did not have sequences in the GenBank. In experiment 1, the manual design primer pair was found to be the best fit for the work. Of key importance is finding the primers which give the most nucleotide variations within the generated amplicon; this is a parameter that cannot be set in any web-based tools. Next, in experiment 2, Bar-HRM using primers of ITS1 and ITS2 regions were able to discriminate all 10 tested tree species without any problem, even when there were no sequences of the samples to be analysed before performing the HRM. Here, Bar-HRM poses potential to be a game-changer in tropical forest conservation, as it will be useful for species identification.

The sub-fossil diatoms of the Mbao pond, Dakar, Senegal: Floristic inventory and indices of anthropization and aridification

As part of our program to reconstruct the inter-dune depression's history in western Senegal and the diatom microflora inventory in Senegal, a 125 cm long core was taken from Mbao pond in the suburbs of Dakar.Diatoms were present only in the upper half of the core but their abundance remained poor to medium. However, an inventory of a total of 92 species and varieties belonging to 39 genera was determined. The most represented genera were Eunotia and Nitzschia (13 species each), with Pinnularia (9 species). The microflora is characterized by a dominance of epipelic, epiphytic and aerophytic species. Specific diversity was low and unevenly distributed throughout the core.Based on the diatom assemblages and lithological data, the following conclusions could be drawn:The absence of diatoms at the base of the core (zone O) is due either by their mechanical destruction by an agitated depositing environment, or by dissolution after their deposit:The base of the diatom section of the core or zone A is characterized by an association of very shallow freshwater aquatic environment with acidic pH; The upper part (zone B) is marked by the disappearance of acidophilic species and the development of mesosaprobic and meso-eutrophic alkaliphile species, linked to organic pollution caused by human influences, resulting in eutrophication of the waters of the pond. The dominant species have a great capacity of adaptation to the high concentrations of dissolved substances, following a strong evaporation as a result of a deficit of rainfall.

Species diversity and ethnobotanical inventory of wild flora used by the folk community of Shinghar Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract. Haq AU, Saeed S, Ahmed A. 2021. Species diversity and ethnobotanical inventory of wild flora used by the folk community of Shinghar Balochistan, Pakistan. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 148-157. Upper Suleiman Mountain of Shinghar Balochistan, Pakistan is little known, the structural and floristic composition are poorly understood. The dominant socio-linguistic groups of the area are Pashtoon tribes, having a long history of medicinal plants utilization as a part of their indigenous primary health care system. The present study was carried out to describe the plant species diversity of Shinghar, and to the inventory of some important wild medicinal, edible and endemic plants of the region. A total of 102 species belonging to 42 families and 88 genera were recorded. Herbs were dominant comprising 62% of documented plants, followed by shrubs (26%), and trees (14%). Medicinal plants of the area are being used in treatments of many ailments like joint pains, stomach problems, skin allergies and inflammation.. Edible plants were 14% of total recorded plants. The documented plants were also used for other use-categories than medicinal and edible purposes including fodder, fencing, and ornamental. In addition, some of the medicinal plants were considered poisonous but used for medicine. Elevation of the area ranged from 1700 to 3400 meters above sea level. The dominating tree was Pinus gerardiana, and the area is also known as the Chilghoza Forest. Asteraceae was the dominating family in the area with 14 species, followed by Lamiaceae (7 species), Poaceae (6 species), Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Fabaceae, and Apocynaceae with 5 species each. The results revealed the importance of endemic and endangered plants of area which are need to be conserve. Moreover, the present study highlighted species diversity not earlier described from high altitudes.

Plant Species Composition and the Perception of the Afforestation in Urban Public Green Spaces in a Municipality in Eastern Brazilian Amazon

The plant composition is a fundamental element in public green spaces, improving the environment and people’s quality of life. The executing of floristic inventories can contribute to better understanding and management of these spaces. Here, we sought to know the plants used in the afforestation of the main public green spaces in the town of Oriximiná, eastern Brazilian Amazon, as well as to perform a brief analysis of the population’s perception regarding the afforestation of these environments. The plants were collected and identified using specific literature and dichotomous keys, in addition to consultations in virtual herbariums. The analysis of the population’s perception took place through interviews, with questionnaires collected in each public green space. We registered 1616 individuals from the flora of the squares, distributed in 16 families, 24 genera, and 28 species. Exotic plants are predominant in number species and of individuals. The interviewees demonstrated that they are aware of the importance of plants in the squares and providing shade stands out as the most cited benefit. The afforestation of the squares shows some irregularities, highlighting the need for better planning which includes the use of native species and the participation of the local community in the management of these green areas. Finally, we provide a list of native species, naturally occurring in the Amazon region, that can be used in urban afforestation.

Contribution to the "Atlas of the Russian Flora": Twelve local floras of European Russia.

BackgroundThe purpose of this dataset is to deliver to a wider audience in the form of GBIF-mediated data vast floristic materials collected by the author across various localities of European Russia from 2001-2019 (Arkhangelsk, Tver, Vladimir, Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh Oblasts, Krasnodar Krai, City of Moscow and Komi Republic). Taxonomic data on vascular plants for ten locations were mobilised from the papers and technical reports published in Russian and standardised. Floristic treatments for two locations (Yasnaya Polyana and Tsaritsyno) have never been published before.New informationThe newly-prepared dataset includes 5,309 species records, i.e. one species record per each local flora. These are either native or alien (fully naturalised and casual) species. All records within one local flora have the same centroid coordinates and coordinate uncertainty in metres. Floristic inventories from the following locations were mobilised: 01. Ustya, Arkhangelsk Oblast (543 species, 1,500 km2); 02. Zaseki, Tula Oblast (593 species, 60 km2); 03. Polibino, Lipetsk Oblast (553 species, 70 km2); 04. Khrenovoye, Voronezh Oblast (665 species, 200 km2); 05. Troyeruchitsa, Tver Oblast (501 species, 10 km2); 06. Man-Pupu-Ner, Komi Republic (182 species, ca. 300 km2); 07. Middle Lyaga, Komi Republic (143 species, ca. 300 km2); 08. Utrish, Krasnodar Krai (933 species, 195 km2); 09. Yasnaya Polyana, Tula Oblast (236 species, 2.2 km2); 10. Bogolyubovsky Lug, Vladimir Oblast (289 species, 1.7 km2); 11. Tsaritsyno, City of Moscow (359 species, 5.3 km2); 12. Patakino, Vladimir Oblast (312 species, 1.1 km2). According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset covers 1,806 species, 669 genera and 127 families of tracheophytes.

The analysis of pine cenoses flora in Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

The aim of the paper is the floristic analysis at the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe pine cenoses. This problemrequires detailed research under the constant anthropogenic pressure. A flora inventory was carried out, vascular plantsspecies composition was determined. As a result, a summary of the flora was compiled, which includes 126 species from107 genera, 46 families, 6 classes, 5 divisions. Floristic analysis was carried out by the method of specific flora, taking intoaccount herbarium materials. The taxonomic, chorological, zonal, ecological, biomorphological flora structure featureswere determined based on the analysis of floristic data. The protected taxes have been identified. The peculiarities ofvegetation cover species composition are marked on the basis of the comprehensive flora analysis. The authors madethe conclusion that mesophytes of the light-coniferous and forest-steppe belt-zone groups with the Eurasian and EuroSiberian ranges predominate in the pine cenoses flora at the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The most part of species havethe life forms hemicryptophytes and cryptophytes. Species to be protected have been discovered: Cypripedium calceolus,C. guttatum, C. macranthon, Neottianthe cucullata.

Floristic Inventory and Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration Potential of the Misomuni Forest Massif, Kikwit City (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

The aim of this study was to inventory plant biodiversity and to evaluate the carbon sequestration potential of the Misomuni forest massif. An inventory of all trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 10 cm measured at 1.30 m height was performed. The aerial biomass (AGB) was used for estimating the stored CO2 and its carbon equivalent. 88 plant species belonging to 71 genera and 32 families were inventoried. Fabaceae family displayed the highest number of species and genera. The highest basal area values were displayed by Scorodophloeus zenkeri (7.34 ± 2.45 m2 /ha), Brachystegia laurentii (5.82 ± 1.94 m2 /ha), Entandrophragma utile (5.28 ± 1.94 m2 /ha), Pentadesma butyracea (4.53 ± 1.51 m2 /ha). The highest values of stored carbon and their carbon equivalent were observed in Pentadesma butyracea (15.13 ± 5.00 and 50.55 ± 16.85 t/ha), Picralima nitida (7.02 ± 2.34 and 23.66 ± 7.88 t/ha), Strombosia tetandra (6.56 ± 2.18 and 22.10 ± 7.36 t/ha). The Misomuni forest massif is thus much floristically diversified and plays a significant role in the sequestration of CO2. The total AGB of the inventoried trees is 183.78 ± 61.26 t/ha corresponding to stored carbon and carbon equivalent of 96.63 ± 32.21 t/ha and 289.92 ± 96.64 t/ha respectively. The protection of this ecosystem is highly needed for combatting climatic changes at local, national and regional scales and for the conservation biodiversity habitat.

Unveiled diversity: Amazonian Campinaranas harbor twice the number of bryophyte species recorded in the last century

Campinaranas are unique vegetation patches in the Amazonian biome, characterized by white-sand soils with relatively low nutrient content and subject to periodic flooding coupled with fluctuating groundwater levels. This study aimed to produce a synopsis of the bryophyte flora in Campinarana habitats by combining information from the literature with new collections made in the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve (Balbina, Central Amazonia), and areas of the middle Uaupés river (São Gabriel da Cachoeira, upper Rio Negro). One hundred and forty-three species were identified among mosses and liverworts, of which 68 are reported for the first time in Campinaranas. The species Frullania rio-janeirensis, Ceratolejeunea filaria, Diplasiolejeunea cobrensis and Bazzania diversicuspis are new records for the state of Amazonas. These results reveal high species richness for Campinaranas and indicate the need for continued study in this underexplored Amazonian habitat. This study emphasizes the importance of carrying out floristic inventories in poorly known environments and of further studies with different approaches, such as ecological, phytogeographic and genetic efforts.

Floristic inventory of forest genetic resources reserve in Korea

This study was based on a 12-year survey data on the distribution of vascular plants between 2007 and 2019 in forest genetic resource reserves designated and managed by the Korea Forest Service. A total of 2,039 taxa were identified, which comprised 1,819 species, 33 subspecies, 161 varieties, and 26 forms from 703 genera and 154 families. There were 149 taxa of Korean endemic plants in the study area. There were 198 taxa of rare plants, with 28 critically endangered (CR) taxa 46 endangered (EN) taxa, 68 vulnerable (VU) taxa, 56 taxa of least concern (LC) taxa. There were a total of 739 taxa of floristic target species, Category V (52 taxa), Category IV (178 taxa), Category III (218 taxa), Category II (131 taxa), Category I (160 taxa). There were 1,312 taxa of useful plants: 580 taxa of plants used for pasture (P), 512 taxa of edible plants (E), 455 taxa of medicinal plants (M), 257 taxa of ornamental plants (O), 59 taxa of plants used for timber (T), 48 taxa of plants used for staining (S), 22 taxa of plants used for fiber (F) and 9 taxa of industrial plants (R).

Bryophytes of Rio Turvo State Park (SP), Brazil: integrating floristics, geographical distribution, reproduction and ecological traits to support the conservation of an Atlantic Forest fragment

Rio Turvo State Park (RTSP) is a Conservation Unit located within the Atlantic Forest biome in the Vale do Ribeira region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Considering the lack of knowledge regarding its bryoflora, we performed a floristic inventory of RTSP (following the random-walk method), the results of which we report here including discussion of the geographical distribution (Brazil and worldwide), substrate colonization, life forms and reproduction of the species. We found a total of 414 species, which represents 30 % of all known bryophyte species in Brazil. Dioicous species were predominant over monoicous species, the most colonized substrate was tree trunk (40 % of all species) and the predominant life form was mat (47 %), indicating that the floristic composition is influenced by the environmental conditions of the area (high humidity, dense vegetation and shading). Although anthropogenic intervention is present in RTSP, it harbors huge biodiverse potential, since 22 % of the species are rare. Furthermore, 16 new occurrences were recorded for the State of São Paulo. The information provided by this study exalts the importance of this Conservation Unit in the preservation of bryophytes, as well as all the biodiversity of its included ecosystems.

A floristic inventory and reassessment of the Flora of Sanibel Island (Lee Co.), Florida, U.S.A.

Sanibel Island (Lee Co., Florida) manifests eight main categories and 12 subcategories of habitats, and individual plant taxa occupy habitat(s) from one or more of those categories. Documented, presently as growing wild/apparently wild on Sanibel Island are individuals of 119 families, 397 genera, 611 species (including two hybrids), and 621 infrageneric taxa of vascular plants. Of the 621 infrageneric taxa, 420 (67.6%) are native and 13 (2.1 %) are endemic to Florida. We interpret the Island’s flora in terms of its history of severe natural and artificial disturbances.

Impact of Agroforestry Systems on Mineral Fertility of Soils under Cocoa Trees in Toumodi, Côte D'ivoire

Aims: To evaluate the impact of different agroforestry systems on the mineral fertility of soils under cocoa trees.
 Place and duration of study: The experiment was conducted in the field from June to August 2020 in three types of cocoa-based agroforestry systems identified in Toumodi (Côte d'Ivoire) between the northern latitudes 6°19'37 and 6°34'51 and the western longitudes 5°19'58 and 5°20'02. in the forest-savanna transition zone
 Methodology: Agroforestry systems define a method of setting up plantations associating various trees with cocoa trees. The choice of cocoa plantations was guided by the density of trees associated with cocoa trees defining a typology of agroforests (simple, mixed or complex). Thus, in each agroforestry system considered, three delimited plots of 100 m2 were randomly placed to make a floristic inventory of the species encountered and each time to take elementary soil samples in the first horizons at 0-20 cm and 20 - 40 cm depth to constitute the composite samples for chemical analyses in the laboratory.
 Results: The study identified and recorded floristically, 17 families (Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Bombacaceae, Caricaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Invingiaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Mimosaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Myristicaceae, Rutaceae, Sterculiaceae, Verbenaceae) distributed in 27 local plant species of which 55.55% of the species and a density of 55 trees/hectare in SAGS, 70.37% of the species and a density of 155.33 trees/hectare in MAGS and 81.40% of the species 224.33 trees/hectare in CAGS. These arboricultural species introduced or maintained in the plantations are generally species with shade, food, economic or medicinal interests. In terms of the chemical fertility generated, it appears that the contents of major elements and trace elements, as well as the clay-humus complex of the soils under cocoa trees were globally satisfactory and more important in the superficial horizons at a depth of 0-20 cm than in the underlying horizon of 20-40 cm, whatever the type of agroforestry system considered, but much more so in MAGS than in CAGS and SAGS in decreasing order. The different positive (R=0.80) or negative (R=-0.80) correlations established between the mineral elements in the surface horizons contribute to enrich the soil by synergistic or antagonistic effects in the agroforestry systems of Toumodi, Côte d'Ivoire.
 Conclusion: The study showed that each forest agroforestry system has distinct characteristics that can be summarized mainly by its floristic diversity and density of associated trees. They are all not only preservers of a certain level of biodiversity and chemical fertility of the soils under cocoa trees, but much more so at 0-20cm than at 20-40cm. However, AGM would be more likely to improve production in a sustainable way by its capacity to establish a nutritional balance in the soil. It can be recommended during the establishment of cocoa plantations in Côte d'Ivoire.

Structure, environmental patterns and impact of expected climate change in natural beech-dominated forests in the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain)

The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) occurs in the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain), at the southwestern limit of the wide distribution area of the species in Europe, forming relatively unmanaged forests of high biodiversity value. In this study, we measured three-dimensional positions, diameter at breast height and height of all the trees present in 112 inventory plots established in beech-dominated forests in the north-western Cantabrian Range, in which hemispherical photographs were taken and a detailed floristic inventory was carried out. In addition, we measured 56 spatially continuous environmental variables in each plot to enable examination of environmental patterns in structural features and prediction of the effects of climate change. Forest structure was analyzed by using indices that evaluated spatial tree distribution, plant richness and tree species diversity, diversity of tree dimensions and vertical structure, stand density and average tree size, standing deadwood, canopy geometry and light regime. The stands exhibited a moderate clustered spatial arrangement at young stages, becoming more regular as they matured. The stands are generally monospecific, with low plant richness, never monostratified, with very close canopies, greater variation in diameter than in height and are usually overstocked. Only 25% of the stands included some standing dead trees. Random Forest models were used to describe structural features as a function of environmental variables. Although some of the models were complex and included many predictor variables, they revealed some interesting patterns. Thus, we found that spatial tree distribution was only related to lithostratigraphy, and tree species richness and vertical structure were related to isothermality. Shrub and herbaceous richness were related to soil pH and several thermal variables, while intermingling of tree species was mainly explained by soil-related variables. Climatic variables explained differences in tree diameter, whereas edaphic variables were more important for predicting differences in tree height. Stocking degree was mainly related to soil variables, while dominant height was related to thermal variables and standing dead wood to climatic variables. Projections under the moderate RCP 4.5 and pessimistic RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios predict a shift in beech forests towards increased shrub and plant richness and species diversity, but also increased stocking degree and standing deadwood basal area. These findings appear to confirm a drastic reduction in the suitable habitat for beech in the region (deterioration of future growth conditions), which could anticipate a loss of competitive advantage over other species and indicate a shift in this beech-dominated forest to more resilient mixed stands.

Preliminary Floristic Inventory of the Swamp Forest of Atan Ukwok Village in Ini L.G.A of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The Floristic inventory of the swamp forest at Atan Ukwok was carried out using the Systematic and Transect Sampling Methods where the line transect was the main path of the forest and Sampling units were chosen along the path at a distance of 14m × 14m and 6 sampling plots were sampled. The frequency, density and abundance of the identified species were calculated using standard formulae. A total number of 61 species from 35 families were identified. The number of species recorded for the plant families were, Cyperaceae 5, Euphorbiaceae 4, Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Aspidiaceae and Poaceae 3 each, Arecaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Melastomataceae, Schizaceae, Thelypteridaceae and Verbanaceae 2 each and Athyriaceae, Costaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Dracaenaceae Gleicheniaceae Araceae, Davillianaceae, Malvaceae, Commelinaceae, Clusiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Combretaceae, Convolvulaceae, Colchicaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Malvaceae, Lycopodiaceae and Rutaceae 1 each. The highest species frequency and density of 66.7% and 9.5% respectively was found in Setaria megaphylla and the highest abundance value of 50.0 was found in Dracaena arborea. The frequency percentage of the plant species showed that the forest is fast loosing vegetation due to the obvious encroachment of parts of it by the inhabitants of the community for the purpose of cultivation. This calls for concerted conservation measures in order to ensure the sustainable use of the floral diversity of the forest.

Impact of vegetation types on the floristic diversity, the availability and the ecological characteristics of five woody species stands used in the management of hypertension and diabetes in southern Burkina Faso

The use of modern drugs to manage hypertension and diabetes is enough expensive and requires constant monitoring of the patient due to the chronicity and complications of these diseases. Thus, the populations of southern Burkina Faso have opted for the use of plants, including Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G. Don, Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, Lannea acida A. Rich, Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile. To better contribute to preserving these five target species, the present study analyses the floristic diversity of the different vegetation types in which they occur, assesses their availability and determines the health status of their stands. To achieve this, a floristic inventory was conducted in 109 plots, including 26 plots of 500 m2 in riparian forests, 22 of 2500 m2 in fallows 31, 18 and 12 of 1000 m2 in tree savannahs, shrub savannahs and fenced areas, respectively. The diameter at breast height (dbh) of each individual of the target species was measured in each plot and its health status assessed. Results showed that species diversity varied significantly among vegetation types. According to the Shannon index, riparian forests were the most diversified (H = 2.62 ± 0.02 bits). Lannea microcarpa, Lannea acida, Sclerocarya birrea, and Balanites aegyptiaca were very frequent (Ri ≤ 60) to moderately frequent (60 < Ri < 80) within vegetation types. The vitality of their stands was independent of vegetation types. However, their individuals were weakly attacked in the fenced areas indicating that local people control these ecosystems. Fenced areas strategies appear to be alternative solutions to preserve stands of species that are an mostly high priority for populations.

Trifolium vesiculosum (Fabaceae) in Ukraine: a new find and historical overview

Trifolium vesiculosum is listed in the current floristic inventories as a species native to Ukraine. In order to clarify the native versus alien status of this taxon, we studied historical and recent literature and herbarium data.We also report here our new record of the species. We found T. vesiculosum in 2020 in Mykolayiv Region (Mykolayiv District, Andriivka village, on the alluvial terrace of the Southern Bug River valley), in a disturbed habitat with predominantly synanthropic and alien species. Previous finds of T. vesiculosum in Ukraine were reported mainly in publications of the 19th century and were based on a few herbarium specimens from the present-day territory of Odesa Region. Due to characteristics of these records, dates and localities of the finds of T. vesiculosum in Ukraine, we have traced its probable introductions during the 19th century in the port of Odesa, on the sand deposits of the Danube River, in the German settlements, and therefore we can confirm the conclusion of Paczoski (1921) who assumed the alien status of the species in Ukraine. Thus, T. vesiculosum is classified as a kenophyte (introduced before 1808). Taking into account the current climatic changes in Ukraine, we emphasize the need for further monitoring of the species, changes in its dispersal strategy, and for registration of its introduction and dispersal pathways.

EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes.

Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vascular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species-level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes even wrong. Since the epiphytic growth blends into soil-rooted growth and vice versa, the inclusion or exclusion of particular species in the current list will sometimes be contentious. Thus, initiating a well-founded discussion was one of the motivations for compiling this database; our list represents 31,311 hypotheses on the life form of plant species, and we welcome feedback on possible omission or erroneous inclusions. We release these data into the public domain under a Creative Commons Zero license waiver. When you use the data in your publication, we request that you cite this data paper. If EpiList 1.0 is a major part of the data analyzed in your study, you may consider inviting the EpiList 1.0 core team as collaborators.

Evaluation of grasslands consumed by mother alpacas and tuis (vicugna pacos) in wetlands in the dry season, Yauyos, Peru

The research was carried out in the alpaca production unit of the Tomas Peasant Community, of the Lima Region, with the aim of identifying the floristic component of the pasture of a wetland area in the dry season of the year and the species that were most consumed by alpacas. Previously, the floristic inventory of 5 hectares of pasture was carried out and 10 mother alpacas and 10 tuis alpacas were assigned. During the study period, stool samples were taken to evaluate the diet by the microhistological method. The chemical components of the six main species of grasses most consumed were analyzed. In the initial inventory 36 species were found, of which the most consumed were 10 that made up approximately 80% of the diet. Chemical analysis shows a crude fiber content in a range between 66,23 to 77,24%, crude protein between 2.49 to 5,21% and vitamin A between 0,08 to 0,37 mg / 100g. The contribution of the present is to identify the species of pasture most consumed by alpacas tuis and mothers, in order to take care in their conservation.

Regeneration indicators of Detarium microcarpum Guill. &amp; Perl. in the Mbe plain of the Adamawa, Cameroon

Background In Africa, the Detarium microcarpum Guill. &amp; Perr. species is extremely important culturally, ecologically and socio-economically. This importance has led to its over-exploitation leading to an in situ rarity of its individuals. As a consequence, a conservation alert is increasingly reported across the continent due to the risk of extinction of this multipurpose plant. Unfortunately, indicators of regeneration and conservation guidelines for this species have been not developped yet. The objective was to evaluate the habitat, population distribution, dendrometric characteristics and structure of the plant which are indicators of regeneration in Cameroon. &#x0D; Methodology A floristic inventory as well as the vegetation transect method was used in the villages Def, Karna Manga and Karna Petel located in Adamawa, Cameroon.&#x0D; Results A total of 109 individuals of the plant were counted with a density of 3.5 individuals per hectare. No plant individuals regenerated in human-controlled habitats (bush fields and home gardens). Population distribution, companion species (Bombax costatum, Piliostigma thonningii and Terminalia macroptera) more recurrent, species of the family Caesalpiniaceae in majority, dendrometric characteristics with a significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) between sites, horizontal and vertical structures although all significant at Karna Manga, showed site-specific patterns.&#x0D; Conclusion The regeneration indicators (habitat, population distribution, structure and dendrometric characteristics: crown diameter, diameter at breast height, height of the first large living branch and tree height) showed that conservation in situ requires accounting for local, site-specific conditions. For the continuation, the less expensive domestication techniques specific to the plant are recommended.

Assessment of biodiversity goods for the sustainable development of the chagra in an indigenous community of the Colombian Amazon: local values of crops

BackgroundThe chagra is the agroforestry system adapted to the characteristics of the Amazon region. Recently, there has been a reported loss of biodiversity and traditional knowledge associated with the chagras. This paper characterizes the cultivators, exploring knowledge and expressed value perception in the context of the Amazonian chagra of an indigenous community; also, this prioritizes species, under the optics of commercial opportunity.MethodsA semi-structured instrument was applied to 14 volunteers, asking about marketing preferences and use values of the species; later, a floristic inventory and prioritization workshop was developed.ResultsSixty-two percent of the participants were 50 years or older at the time of the interview. Open conversations showed that traditional knowledge is a matter of practice; and is maintained mainly by the older "grandfathers". Thirty-eight species, belonging to 28 different families, were reported, showing considerable diversity. Seventy-nine percent of the participants consider the Leticia market and sales to tourists as the main marketing scenarios.ConclusionsThe Ziora-Amena community centralizes the handling of chagras in the community's older adults, who transmit their traditional knowledge to new generations through oral tradition. Indicators of preference, use, and abundance highlight the food species. The perception of the trade stakeholder encourages research and development of endemic species, with health properties or ingredients for industry, which represent an opportunity of high added value for the region.