Floral Patterns Research Articles

Floral temperature patterns can function as floral guides

Floral guides are signal patterns that lead pollinators to floral rewards after they have located the flower, and increase foraging efficiency and pollen transfer. Patterns of several floral signalling modalities, particularly colour patterns, have been identified as being able to function as floral guides. Floral temperature frequently shows patterns that can be used by bumblebees for locating and recognising the flower, but whether these temperature patterns can function as a floral guide has not been explored. Furthermore, how combined patterns (using multiple signalling modalities) affect floral guide function has only been investigated in a few modality combinations. We assessed how artificial flowers induce behaviours in bumblebees when rewards are indicated by unimodal temperature patterns, unimodal colour patterns or multimodal combinations of these. Bees visiting flowers with unimodal temperature patterns showed an increased probability of finding rewards and increased learning of reward location, compared to bees visiting flowers without patterns. However, flowers with contrasting unimodal colour patterns showed further guide-related behavioural changes in addition to these, such as reduced reward search times and attraction to the rewarding feeder without learning. This shows that temperature patterns alone can function as a floral guide, but with reduced efficiency. When temperature patterns were added to colour patterns, bees showed similar improvements in learning reward location and reducing their number of failed visits in addition to the responses seen to colour patterns. This demonstrates that temperature pattern guides can have beneficial effects on flower handling both when alone or alongside colour patterns.

THE SKIN OF OUR TEETH

THE SKIN OF OUR TEETH

The Poetics of Print: The Private Press Tradition and Irish Poetry

The Poetics of Print:The Private Press Tradition and Irish Poetry Conor Linnie (bio) In the archive of the Dun Emer and Cuala Press at the Manuscripts and Archives Research Library, Trinity College Dublin, there is a folder containing three large scrapbooks dated from 1903 to 1905.1 Written in purple and blue pastel across the worn hardback cover of the first book is the Gaelic script Leab.ar Dún Éimire. Inside, the opening page reframes the title with a profusion of pink sorrel in watercolor, the sinuous forms of the pale green stalks weaving a floral pattern of petals and buds. Translated into English as The Book of Emer's Fort, the three scrapbooks give a vivid insight into the daily life and workings of an arts and crafts cooperative: the Dun Emer Industries. The industries were established in 1902 by Evelyn Gleeson, who was joined by Elizabeth Corbet Yeats and Susan Mary "Lily" Yeats to manage the guild's three departments in weaving, embroidery, and printing. Gleeson named the industries after the famed figure in Irish mythology, Emer, who was renowned for her beauty but also for her wit and skill in needlework. The pages of each scrapbook bustle with creativity: handwritten poems and short stories are illustrated with sketches and paintings; photograph collages are pasted alongside design templates; advertisement mock-ups market a variety of crafted products from tapestries and tufted rugs to footstools. The scrapbooks were assembled by Elizabeth Yeats, who took charge of the guild's printing department: the Dun Emer Press. She outlined the ambition of the press in its first prospectus of 1903: "Though many books are printed in Ireland," Yeats begins, "book printing as an art has been little practiced here since the eighteenth century. The Dun Emer Press has been founded in the hope of reviving this beautiful craft."2 Specializing in the production of hand-printed [End Page 39] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. The Book of Dun Emer (1903). The Library of Trinity College Dublin Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 2. The Book of Dun Emer (1903). The Library of Trinity College Dublin [End Page 40] limited-edition books made from native materials and circulated to an exclusive readership, Dun Emer Press inaugurated the Irish private press tradition in the twentieth century. This tradition is brought into focus by the digital exhibition The Poetics of Print: The Private Press Tradition and Irish Poetry, launched by the School of English and the Library of Trinity College Dublin.3 The Poetics of Print explores the interlinked histories of four private presses—Dun Emer, Cuala, Gayfield, and Dolmen—and their role in the development of modern Irish poetry from 1902 to 1969. The exhibition presents more than sixty unique images of archival and published material in a compelling digital narrative, drawing from the collections of the Library of Trinity College Dublin along with material from a diverse range of external institutional, commercial, and private sources. The Poetics of Print allies digital humanities (DH) research with the burgeoning field of Irish book history to showcase the influence and achievements of the Irish private press tradition. In its conception and design, the exhibition draws particularly from recent international digital projects associated with the critical expansion of modernist studies, which have elevated the role of DH to provide new archival and interpretive resources for our understanding of the material world of the modern book. The decisive turn of "the new modernist studies" toward a radically expanded materialist and historicist reading of the movement has reinvigorated scholarly interest in the print culture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.4 Digital platforms and tools have in turn become central to the visualization, collation, and analysis of the myriad publishing contexts of modernism. Launched in 2017, The Modernist Archives Publishing Project (MAPP) originated as an archive of materials generated by Leonard and Virginia Woolf 's Hogarth Press and is currently developing into a broader critical archive of early twentieth-century publishers.5 MAPP's growing digital repository now includes a critical biography of the Dun Emer Press accompanied by a selection of digitized artifacts from the Gilsenan Yeats...

Recherches archéologiques récentes sur un ensemble hydraulique antique monumental dans la zone de La M‛alga à Carthage. Plan d’ensemble et architecture

In this publication, I present research results and archaelogical works which I started operating on them in 2015 in archeological zone of La M’alga in Carthage, concerning ruins of an important hydraulic monument which is less known until now, built on an artificial hill in western part of above mentioned zone. Having as a whole a quadrangular plan, this monument is composed of three large oblong tanks built almost entirely in elevation and arranged as a letter U open towards west and overlooking, on one hand, ruins of amphitheater of ancient Carthage which are only two hundred meters distant and, on other hand, bath ruins known as the baths of Phoenix, below its south-west flank.The results of my research on this monument show :- that monument was supplied with water by an aqueduct other than that of Carthage, probably drawing its liquid from a local source, intramural (intra-muros).- that each of three vessels forming it, had a well-defined function : first, R1, served as a water intake basin, second, R2, to provide drinking water to a fountain at its southwestern end and third, R3, to supply so-called Phenix baths mentioned above (Fig. 4)- that two rows of nine shops each were arranged on two lateral sides of central area (north and south) by three cisterns and which would have taken place of an esplanade left to free area. The floor of this area was covered with polychrome mosaic pavement with a floral pattern.- that monument is to relate both with so-called baths of Phoenix and amphitheater that faced it.- that IIIth century constitutes a dating post quem to construction of this whole monumental, while beginning of VIth century constitutes terminus ante quem, and that date of its definitive abandonment would be located during VIIIth century in Byzantine period after having experienced a second period of occupation.

Generalized host-plant feeding can hide sterol-specialized foraging behaviors in bee-plant interactions.

Host‐plant selection is a key factor driving the ecology and evolution of insects. While the majority of phytophagous insects is highly host specific, generalist behavior is quite widespread among bees and presumably involves physiological adaptations that remain largely unexplored. However, floral visitation patterns suggest that generalist bees do not forage randomly on all available resources. While resource availability and accessibility as well as nectar composition have been widely explored, pollen chemistry could also have an impact on the range of suitable host‐plants. This study focuses on particular pollen nutrients that cannot be synthesized de novo by insects but are key compounds of cell membranes and the precursor for molting process: the sterols. We compared the sterol composition of pollen from the main host‐plants of three generalist bees: Anthophora plumipes, Colletes cunicularius, and Osmia cornuta, as well as one specialist bee Andrena vaga. We also analyzed the sterols of their brood cell provisions, the tissues of larvae and nonemerged females to determine which sterols are used by the different species. Our results show that sterols are not used accordingly to foraging strategy: Both the specialist species A. vaga and the generalist species C. cunicularius might metabolize a rare C27 sterol, while the two generalist species A. plumipes and O. cornuta might rather use a very common C28 sterol. Our results suggest that shared sterolic compounds among plant species could facilitate the exploitation of multiple host‐plants by A. plumipes and O. cornuta whereas the generalist C. cunicularius might be more constrained due to its physiological requirements of a more uncommon dietary sterol. Our findings suggest that a bee displaying a generalist foraging behavior may sometimes hide a sterol‐specialized species. This evidence challenges the hypothesis that all generalist free‐living bee species are all able to develop on a wide range of different pollen types.

Spycimierskie kwietne dywany na Boże Ciało – typologia i symbolika wzorów

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja tradycji sypania kwietnych dywanów na Boże Ciało w Spycimierzu (województwo łódzkie, powiat poddębicki, gmina Uniejów) w jednym aspekcie, jakim jest interpretacja symboliki stosowanych wzorów. Autorka posłużyła się w tym celu materiałami fotograficznymi, które zebrała podczas uroczystości Bożego Ciała w 2018 roku, jak też wypowiedziami mieszkańców parafii Spycimierz, nagranymi między innymi przez autorkę w 2018 roku. W pierwszej części tekstu omówiono stan badań nad opisywaną tradycją. Dla uporządkowania rozważań Autorka proponuje spycimierskie kwietne dywany analizować jako tekst kultury, czemu poświęca drugą część artykułu. W ostatniej, zasadniczej części, zaproponowano typologię wzorów i kolejno zarysowano analizę ich treści: figury geometryczne, wzory floralne, wzory zoomorficzne, wzory antropomorficzne, motywy chrześcijańskie, symbole patriotyczne oraz elementy werbalne.

Vitis flower types: from the wild to crop plants.

Vitis vinifera can be divided into two subspecies, V. vinifera subsp. vinifera, one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, and its wild ancestor, V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Three flower types can be observed: hermaphrodite and female (on some varieties) in vinifera, and male or female flowers in sylvestris. It is assumed that the different flower types in the wild ancestor arose through specific floral patterns of organ abortion. A considerable amount of data about the diversity of sexual systems in grapevines has been collected over the past century. Several grapevine breeding studies led to the hypothesis that dioecy in vinifera is derived from a hermaphrodite ancestor and could be controlled by either, one or two linked genetic determinants following Mendelian inherence. More recently, experiments using molecular approaches suggested that these loci were located in a specific region of the chromosome 2 of vinifera. Based on the works published so far, its seems evident that a putative sex locus is present in chromosome 2. However, it is still not fully elucidated whether flower types are regulated by two linked loci or by one locus with three alleles. Nevertheless, several genes could contribute to sex determination in grapevine. This review presents the results from early studies, combined with the recent molecular approaches, which may contribute to the design of new experiments towards a better understanding of the sex inheritance in grapevine.

A design process for a female auto-racing suit

A protective racing suit as a safety measure plays a vital role in racing sports. Available racing suits are claimed as unisex but created based on men’s body shape. To investigate female racers’ special clothing needs and fulfill their expectations, the FEA Model and the design process were adopted to direct the development of female racing suits. This exploratory study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches including interviews, two online questionnaires and a human wear-test. Results indicated that, compared to a same size unisex racing suit, a female-specific type should be adjusted in shoulder, waist, chest, hip circumferences and crotch areas to better fit female bodies; feminine expressive and aesthetic features could be added to the design such as fancy stitching, floral patterns and a princess line. The preliminary prototype on fit analysis was developed for a female in hourglass-X body shape size M.

Okładki polskich wydań utworów Jane Austen po 1989 roku

The graphic designs proposed by Polish publishers cannot be compared neither in number, nor in diversity to those presented by Margaret C. Sullivan in Jane Austen Cover to Cover: 200 Years of Classic Book Covers. Nevertheless, they are a valuable and still undiscussed source of knowledge on the Polish reception of Austen’s novels. Further information on this subject is provided in the first part of the paper by a compilation of book series in which some or all of the texts by Austen have appeared since the 1990s. The analysis of the book covers takes into consideration the relation between the design and the content of the narrative as well as the character of the artwork and its origin. The most popular were 19th century paintings (portraits, genre scenes, less frequently landscapes), film stills from the movie adaptations and floral patterns. As one of the aims of the study was to answer the question how the covers direct the reading process and place the text in the literary tradition, the remarks on the publishers’ choices were supplemented with the readers’ reviews. In the conclusion, it was suggested how the potential, new editions could be designed to stand out from the former ones.

Pollination intensity and paternity in flowering plants.

Siring success plays a key role in plant evolution and reproductive ecology, and variation among individuals creates an opportunity for selection to act. Differences in male reproductive success can be caused by processes that occur during two stages, the pollination and post-pollination phases of reproduction. In the pollination phase, heritable variation in floral traits and floral display affect pollinator visitation patterns, which in turn affect variation among plants in the amount of pollen exported and deposited on recipient stigmas. In the post-pollination phase, differences among individuals in pollen grain germination success and pollen tube growth may cause realized paternity to differ from patterns of pollen receipt. The maternal plant can also preferentially provision some developing seeds or fruits to further alter variation in siring success. In this review, we describe studies that advance our understanding of the dynamics of the pollination and post-pollination phases, focusing on how variation in male fitness changes in response to pollen limitation. We then explore the interplay between pollination and post-pollination success, and how these processes respond to ecological factors such as pollination intensity. We also identify pressing questions at the intersection of pollination and paternity and describe novel experimental approaches to elucidate the relative importance of pollination and post-pollination factors in determining male reproductive success. The relative contribution of pollination and post-pollination processes to variation in male reproductive success may not be constant, but rather may vary with pollination intensity. Studies that quantify the effects of pollination and post-pollination phases in concert will be especially valuable as they will enable researchers to more fully understand the ecological conditions influencing male reproductive success.

Tuning visible-wavelength spectrum of white-light super-continuum via etalon transmission in lamellar ZnO micro/nanoparticle-stacked structures

Multi-layered micro/nanostructures enable the fine-tuning of spectral bandwidth induced by coherent interference of multi-scattering and refraction bounded by a motive of Fabry Perot etalon. In this paper a ZnO micro/nanostructured thin film device is grown on a 21 nm silver film-sputtered sapphire substrates (0001) and attempted to be complied as a transmission-mode white-light spectrum tuning device. In details, the growth of the structures as a function of temporal duration and the effects of deposition of a 21 nm silver film atop sapphire substrates to the structural and optical properties of ZnO structures are investigated. Results of SEM imaging reveals that the insertion of the silver film enables synthesis of round ZnO particles at micro or nanoscales depending on the duration of growth time as opposed to the floral pattern associated with plain sapphire substrates. Characterizing material crystallization by XRD spectra found one dominant and two minor peaks along the planes of crystallization (002), and (100) and (101), correspondingly. Also, the characteristic PL peak at 380 nm was confirmed when excited at 325 nm, and the intensity decreases as the duration of growth time increases. Finally, growth duration-dependent modulation of peak wavelength and spectral bandwidth of the continuum laser was demonstrated.

Ultraviolet inflorescence cues enhance attractiveness of inflorescence odour to Culex pipiens mosquitoes.

Inflorescence patterns of ultraviolet (UV) absorption and UV-reflection are attractive to many insect pollinators. To understand whether UV inflorescence cues affect the attraction of nectar-foraging mosquitoes, we worked with the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens and with two plant species exhibiting floral UV cues: the tansy, Tanacetum vulgare, and the common hawkweed Hieraciumm lachenalii. Electroretinograms revealed that Cx. pipiens eyes can sense UV wavelengths, with peak sensitivity at 335 nm. Behavioural bioassays divulged that UV inflorescence cues enhance the attractiveness of inflorescence odour. In the presence of natural floral odour, female Cx. pipiens were attracted to floral patterns of UV-absorption and UV-reflection but preferred uniformly UV-dark inflorescences. Moreover, Cx. pipiens females preferred UV-dark and black inflorescence models to UV-dark and yellow inflorescence models. With feathers and pelts of many avian and mammalian hosts also being UV-dark and dark-coloured, foraging Cx. pipiens females may respond to analogous visual cues when they seek nectar and vertebrate blood resources.

Habitat use and floral resource partitioning of native and alien bumblebees in the coastal grassland—rural landscape

The invasion of alien pollinators may disturb the local pollination network between plants and native pollinators. However, alien pollinators may be able to coexist with native pollinators if spatiotemporal partitioning of floral resources is possible at the landscape scale. We compared the seasonal patterns of floral choice and habitat use across local habitats (natural coastal grassland, semi-natural grassland and arable field) between alien Bombus terrestris and two major native species, Bombus hypocrita and Bombus deuteronymus, in a coastal area of northern Japan. Although two native species with different morphological characteristics showed specific floral use patterns, that of B. terrestris overlapped with both native species. Short-tongued B. terrestris and B. hypocrita frequently visited Rosa rugosa and Calystegia soldanella flowers that have shallow or open corollas in the coastal grassland. B. terrestris also visited legume flowers with a long-tubed shape at high frequency in both semi-natural and coastal grasslands, as did long-tongued B. deuteronymus despite the difference in morphology. B. terrestris was observed in every habitat type based on the abundance of floral resources. B. terrestris had wide foraging area and changed target flowers flexibly at the landscape scale according to the seasonal changes in floral resources. Because of the spatiotemporally diverse foraging patterns between B. terrestris and native bumblebees, competition for floral resources may not be intensive at the landscape scale owing to the diverse plant communities mixed with natural and non-natural habitats.

Designing technical specifications for goyor woven fabric as material for civil servant official uniforms using quality function deployment and conjoint analysis

Sragen regency has a traditional woven fabric called goyor woven, whose presence is disappearing. One way to revive its existence is to encourage its use as the material for official uniforms of Sragen civil servants. For this purpose, there is a need to research the most preferable design of the goyor woven fabrics by the civil servants. The aim of this research is to determine the technical specifications of the goyor woven fabric by combining the characteristics of the goyor fabric and the preferences of Sragen civil servants. The method used is integrated QFD with conjoint analysis. QFD is used to translate consumer voices into technical specifications while conjoint analysis is used to find the best combination of the proposed goyor woven fabric design with the technical specifications. The initial result of the research indicates that the technical specifications of the goyor fabric design that is formed are red and blue fabrics with floral and geometric patterns. Based on conjoint analysis the option that best suits the preferences of Sragen civil servants is the combination of blue goyor fabric with geometric pattern.

Cross Diffusion Induced Turing Patterns in a Tritrophic Food Chain Model with Crowley-Martin Functional Response

Diffusion has long been known to induce pattern formation in predator prey systems. For certain prey-predator interaction systems, self diffusion conditions ceases to induce patterns, i.e., a non-constant positive solution does not exist, as seen from the literature. We investigate the effect of cross diffusion on the pattern formation in a tritrophic food chain model. In the formulated model, the prey interacts with the mid level predator in accordance with Holling Type II functional response and the mid and top level predator interact via Crowley-Martin functional response. We prove that the stationary uniform solution of the system is stable in the presence of diffusion when cross diffusion is absent. However, this solution is unstable in the presence of both self diffusion and cross diffusion. Using a priori analysis, we show the existence of a inhomogeneous steady state. We prove that no non-constant positive solution exists in the presence of diffusion under certain conditions, i.e., no pattern formation occurs. However, pattern formation is induced by cross diffusion because of the existence of non-constant positive solution, which is proven analytically as well as numerically. We performed extensive numerical simulations to understand Turing pattern formation for different values of self and cross diffusivity coefficients of the top level predator to validate our results. We obtained a wide range of Turing patterns induced by cross diffusion in the top population, including floral, labyrinth, hot spots, pentagonal and hexagonal Turing patterns.

Gene duplication and relaxation from selective constraints of GCYC genes correlated with various floral symmetry patterns in Asiatic Gesneriaceae tribe Trichosporeae.

Floral bilateral symmetry is one of the most important acquisitions in flower shape evolution in angiosperms. Members of Gesneriaceae possess predominantly zygomorphic flowers yet natural reversal to actinomorphy have independently evolved multiple times. The development of floral bilateral symmetry relies greatly on the gene CYCLOIDEA (CYC). Our reconstructed GCYC phylogeny indicated at least five GCYC duplication events occurred over the evolutionary history of Gesneriaceae. However, the patterns of GCYC expression following the duplications and the role of natural selection on GCYC copies in relation to floral symmetry remained largely unstudied. The Asiatic tribe Trichosporeae contains most reversals to actinomorphy. We thus investigated shifts in GCYC gene expression among selected zygomorphic species (Hemiboea bicornuta and Lysionotus pauciflorus) and species with reversals to actinomorphy (Conandron ramondioides) by RT-PCR. In the actinomorphic C. ramondioides, none of the three copies of GCYC was found expressed in petals implying that the reversal was a loss-of-function event. On the other hand, both zygomorphic species retained one GCYC1 copy that was expressed in the dorsal petals but each species utilized a different copy (GCYC1C for H. bicornuta and GCYC1D for L. pauciflorus). Together with previously published data, it appeared that GCYC1C and GCYC1D copies diversified their expression in a distinct species-specific pattern. To detect whether the selection signal (ω) changed before and after the duplication of GCYC1 in Asiatic Trichosporeae, we reconstructed a GCYC phylogeny using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference algorithms and examined selection signals using PAML. The PAML analysis detected relaxation from selection right after the GCYC1 duplication (ωpre-duplication = 0.2819, ωpost-duplication = 0.3985) among Asiatic Trichosporeae species. We propose that the selection relaxation after the GCYC1 duplication created an "evolutionary window of flexibility" in which multiple copies were retained with randomly diverged roles for dorsal-specific expressions in association with floral symmetry changes.

A cellular automaton for modeling non-trivial biomembrane ruptures.

A novel cellular automaton (CA) for simulating biological membrane rupture is proposed. Constructed via simple rules governing deformation, tension, and fracture, the CA incorporates ideas from standard percolation models and bond-based fracture methods. The model is demonstrated by comparing simulations with experimental results of a double bilayer lipid membrane expanding on a solid substrate. Results indicate that the CA can capture non-trivial rupture morphologies such as floral patterns and the saltatory dynamics of fractal avalanches observed in experiments. Moreover, the CA provides insight into the poorly understood role of inter-layer adhesion, supporting the hypothesis that the density of adhesion sites governs rupture morphology.

Contribution of Metagenomics Towards Identification of Oral Flora-A Review

Oral flora has always presented itself in a perplexing way in terms of its biodiversity and niche. Over the years numerous techniques have been used to identify and relate these microbes to oral and systemic diseases. Recently, metagenomics has gained predominance in this field due to its potential in detecting non-cultivable flora. In the previous decade several reports have been published on identification of floral pattern, new flora and relation of such patterns to pathological processes and risk marking. But a consolidated review, linking these to actual pathology is still not published. This review provides an insight into current status of such associations.

Going with the Flo: The Role of Flo11-Dependent and Independent Interactions in Yeast Mat Formation.

Strains of the bakers’ yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are able to generate a multicellular structure called a mat on low percentage (0.3%) agar plates are given a selective advantage over strains that cannot exhibit this phenotype. This environment may exhibit some similarities to the rotting fruit on which S. cerevisiae often grows in nature. Mat formation occurs when the cells spread over the plate as they grow, and cells in the center of the biofilm aggregate to form multicellular structures that resemble a floral pattern. This multicellular behavior is dependent on the cell surface flocculin Flo11. This review covers recent information on the structure of Flo11 and how this likely impacts mat formation as well as how variegated expression of Flo11 influences mat formation. Finally, it also discusses several Flo11-independent genetic factors that control mat formation, such as vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes, cell wall signaling components, and heat shock proteins.

Early Byzantine Mosaic Floors of the Church at Ozem, Israel

In the church at Ozem three phases of mosaics were identified, placed on different levels. The early group (A) includes: 1. Part of the carpet of the nave, decorated by a frame depicting a cross with the Geek letters ΑΩΙΧ, flanked by two lions, an amphora, stylized plants, birds, a donkey and peacocks, and a frame of alternating lotus flowers. The carpet consists of geometric medallions, floral patterns, birds and dedicatory inscriptions. 2. A narrow geometric panel. 3. Two geometric inter-columnar panels of the north colonnade. 4. Part of the mosaic of the northern aisle, decorated with a geometric pattern, and an inscription in a medallion dated to the year 430/1 CE.Mosaic group B (the second stage of the church) has been preserved to the west of mosaic group A. The mosaics were laid at a 13˚ deviation to the north in relation to group A. This group is decorated with geometric designs.Mosaic group C (the third stage of the church) is preserved on the western side of the excavation area. This group is decorated with geometric designs.Mosaic group A includes Christian symbols: a pair of lions, symbolizing the faithful, depicted on either side of a cross with the letters ἄ(λϕα) (καί) ὤ(μέγα) and Ἰ(ησοῦς) Χ(ριτός) – Jesus Christ - between its arms, and a peacock, which symbolizes the resurrection awaiting the believers. Group A is characterized by a flat and schematic style, and imperfect placement of the designs in the composition. Because of the difference in heights, it is clear that group B is later than group A. The work shows greater care and is of a better quality, evidence of a different group of artists. The mosaics in group C are the latest in the building.