Flora Of Azerbaijan Research Articles

Legumes Dominated Steppe Vegetation Type in the Flora of Azerbaijan

Legumes Dominated Steppe Vegetation Type in the Flora of Azerbaijan

Новые виды сосудистых растений для флоры Азербайджана

Поступило в редакцию 28.03.2016 Submitted 28.03.2016 Принято к публикации 19.05.2016 Accepted 19.05.2016 При определении гербарных материалов, собранных во время экспедиций по территории Азербайджана, и изучении гербарных материалов в фондах Ботанического института им. В. Л. Комарова РАН (LE) (Санкт-Петербург) и Института ботаники Национальной АН Азербайджана (BAK) были обнаружены новые для флоры Азербайджана виды – Cerinthe alpina Kit. (Boraginaceae Juss.) и Glaucium flavum Crantz (Papaveraceae Juss.).

The Productivity and Structure of Sage (Salvia L.) Populations in the Territories of Lesser Caucasus Range

18 populations of Salvia species are selected in the fitocenological complexes of the regions of Lesser Caucasus range (Nakhchivan AR and north-east regions of LC ). In these populations, the fitocenological state of 4 species (S.limbata, S.sclarea, S.verticulata və S.tesquicola) which are belonged to the breed, is estimated,their reserves are found out and the dynamics of the productivity in the ontogeny is determined.It is known that, in the populations, individuals belonged to the g1 və g2 phases of the ontogeny are more and at the same phase, the plant gives more product. Sage (Salvia L.) breed is one of the representatives of Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae Lindl.) family.27 species of the breed spread in the flora of Azerbaijan. 19 species of them spread in the flora of the Nakhchivan AR, and 12 species in the central, northern and eastern regions of Lesser Caucasus.Two of these territories – central and south are under Armenian occupation, that is why, only the population structure of the species in the north-east is found out. 9 species from 19 species which are come across in the flora of the Nakhchivan AR are merely characteristic for the region. 4 species which are come across in the north-east regions of Lesser Caucasus and in the autonomous republic, are selected and each of the species is in the surround of Lesser Caucasus range[nakh cons]. Referring to the literature,among them, S.limbata is not noted in the north-east regions of LC, but during the reserches, the same species are come across in the lower and central mountainous zones of the territory and in the dry stony-rocky slopes. It is a xerophyte plant, the territory is a new spreading field for it. In “Tartar” region, its new population is noted. Its other populations are noted in “Goranboy” and “Dashkesen” regions. 5-6 populations of the plant are setted in the Nakhchivan AR ( in “Babak”, “Sherur”, “ Kengerli” regions).From the other selected three species, S.verticulata is come across in the all regions of Azerbaijan, S.tesquicola is in the Nakhchivan plain and “Goygol” region in the north of LC,and S.sclareais in the east of LC range ( in the “Shamkir” and “Gadabay” regions) and in the Nakhchivan highlands.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СТЕРОИДНЫХ ГЛИКОЗИДОВ ЯКОРЦЕВ СТЕЛЮЩИХСЯ, ПРОИЗРАСТАЮЩИХ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ

With purpose to search sources of steroid glycosides of the spirostan series we investigated Tribulus terrestris L. in the Azerbaijan flora. By the sequential fractional extraction method, followed column chromatography with silica gel L from the aerial part of plant were isolated four individual steroid glycosides named with increasing of their polarity as glycosides A , B , C , D . Were established chemical structure, molecular weight, melting temperature, specific rotation of all glycosides. In order to determine the chemical nature, they were hydrolyzed in acidic media. Aglicones were isolated in individual form after appropriate processing, and also investigated monosaccharides, included in the carbon chain. Identification of aglycones performed on the basis of physico-chemical constants, comparison of the IR spectra, chromatographic mobility in various solvent systems and absence of depression of melting point of the mixed sample with authentic samples. In the liquid phase of hydrolysate were established the presence of individual monosaccharides by chromatography method. On the basis of experiments glycoside A was identified as trillin, glycoside B – ruskogenin monoside (3-O-α-L-ramnopyranoside), glycoside C – dioscin (diosgenin trioside) and glycoside D – dioscinin (diosgenin tetraoside). Ruskogenin monoside and dioscinin were first isolated from Tribulus terrestris . Water-soluble glycoside dioscinin is recommended as an initial substance for the production of highly efficient antisclerotic drug – diosponin.

Род Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) во флоре Азербайджана

The paper contains the conspectus of the genus Euphorbia L. for the flora of Azerbaijan. There are 39 species in the country including 6 alien ones. E. armena Prokh., E. coniosperma Boiss. et Buhse, E. daghestanica Geltman and E. glaberrima K. Koch are recorded as new for Azerbaijan, distribution of several species is clarified.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СТЕРОИДНЫХ САПОГЕНИНОВ КУПЕНЫ ГЛАДКОЙ ИЗ ФЛОРЫ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА

For the first time we have studied Polygonatum glaberrimum C. Koch. from the flora of Azerbaijan with the aim of finding sources of steroidal sapogenins.First the sum of native glycosides were extracted and then exposed to acidic hydrolysis. Native glycosides were isolated 4 times from the rhizomes by 70% ethanol, all spirituous extracts were combined, evaporated until aqueous residue, diluted with water and filtered. Steroidal glycosides were extracted by n -butanol from water solution 4 times, all organic extracts were combined and washed with 10% solution of ammonia 3 times. The sum of native glycosides, obtained after distillation of n-butanol, was exposed to acidic hydrolysis. The sum of sapogenins consisting of two components was obtained, which was separated by column chromatography on silica gel L. Individual substances 1 and 2 were isolated. On the base of physico-chemical constants, R f value in different systems , IR- spectrum and the absence of the melting point depression of the sample mixed with authentic samples substance 1 was identified as diosgenin. On the base of comparison of the physico-chemical constants, data of the IR- spectrum and chromatographic behavior of more polar substance 2 with the literature data, it was established that the substance 2 is pennogenin. The yield of diosgenin is 0,84%, of pennogenin – 0,21%.

Genus Senecio L. in the Flora of Azerbaijan

Genus Senecio L. in the Flora of Azerbaijan

Subendemics of the Flora of Azerbaijan

Subendemics of the Flora of Azerbaijan

Research of the Properties of Essential Oil In The species of Nepeta Zangezura In The Azerbaijan Flora

Research of the Properties of Essential Oil In The species of Nepeta Zangezura In The Azerbaijan Flora

Bioecological features and corrective properties of Achillea filipendulina Lam., Calendula officinalis L. and Hypericum perforatum L.

The study is devoted to investigations on bioecological features and corrective properties of two species from the family Asteraceae Dumort. (Achillea filipendulina Lam. and Calendula officinalis L.) and one species from the family Hypericaceae Juss. (Hypericum perforatum L.) which are growing in the flora of Azerbaijan. It has revealed that the extract obtained from the collection of these plants shows corrective influence.

Protection of Some Rare and Critically Threatened Medicinal Plants in The Azerbaijan Flora

The flora of Azerbaijan differs by its great variety. One hundred and fifty families comprising of 1000 genera and 4700 species make 70 % of Caucasus flora. Out of which more than 1400 species have medicinal (315 species – alkaloids, 150 species – coumarins, 1000 – essential oils, and flavanoids). In the Middle Ages 300 wild-growing species were used for treatment in Azerbaijan medicine; now only 135 species have access in the State Pharmacopeia.The plants are continuously increased at a result of in-situ conservations of medicinal plants. Their decrease has been prognosticated preliminarily. It was realized that young and generative development of the vegetable specimen in the populations belonged to Urtica dioica L. The amount of the specimen at cinil and subcinil phases in the Аstrаgаlus dаsyаnthus Pаll. species was twice more than it was in immature and generative phases of the plant that cause gradual decrease of these populations. Restoration activities should be carried out for in-situ conservation of such plants.The article is for the conservation and protection of medicinal plants of the region. Methods of population awareness and education of students, teachers and local people is ecology recommended along with the administrative measures.

Flavonoids from Knautia montana flowers growing in Azerbaijan

The family Dipsacaceae (teasel) comprises 10 genera and about 300 species that are distributed mainly in Mediterranean and Western Asian countries. The genus Knautia L. is one of the genera in this family. It is represented by two species in the flora of Azerbaijan, K. montana (M.B.) D.C. and K. involucrate Somm. et Lev [1]. K. montana is the most widely distributed species, is a biennial or perennial plant, and reaches 100–150 cm in height. Isolation of Flavonoids from K. montana Flowers. Air-dried flowers (1.2 kg) were collected on July 11, 2009, below Budug village, Gubin Region, Azerbaijan Republic and were extracted with EtOH (95%, 3 , 1:8) at room temperature. The extracts were filtered, evaporated in vacuo to 200–250 mL, diluted with H2O (300 mL), and evaporated to an aqueous residue. The aqueous solution was extracted with hexane, EtOAc:hexane (1:1.5), and EtOAc. The EtOAc:hexane extract was evaporated. The solid was recrystallized from CHCl3:MeOH to afford 1. The EtOAc extract was evaporated to dryness. The solid was dissolved in hot H2O and left overnight. The resulting crystals were separated to afford 2. The filtrate was evaporated. The solid was recrystallized from EtOH to afford 3. Compound 1, C15H10O5, mp 345–346°C (CHCl3:MeOH). UV spectrum (MeOH, max, nm): 268, 335. Yellow crystals, soluble in alcohols and acetone, insoluble in hexane and H2O. Rf 0.90 (n-BuOH:AcOH:H2O, 4:1:5). Bryant’s cyanidin test indicated that the aglycon was a flavonoid. These data and direct comparison with an authentic sample identified 1 as apigenin. Compound 2, C22H22O11, mp 260–262°C (H2O). UV spectrum (MeOH, max, nm): 245, 260, 344; +CH3COONa: 268, 404; +AlCl3: 274, 300, 336, 428. Yellow crystals, soluble in DMF and Py, insoluble in alcohol, poorly soluble in H2O. Fluoresces in filtered UV light as dark spots. The compound under normal conditions (5% H2SO4, 10 h) is not hydrolyzed. Kiliani acid hydrolysis formed 7-O-methylluteolin and D-glucose [2–5], which indicated that the studied compound was a C-glucoside. This was also confirmed by NMR spectra (Table 1). PMR and 13C NMR spectra of 2 were interpreted as the structure shown below. Swertiajaponin, 7-O-methylluteolin-6-C-D-glucopyranoside, had an identical structure [6].

The General Characteristic of the Anamorphic Fungi of Medicinal Plants of the Flora of Azerbaijan

The General Characteristic of the Anamorphic Fungi of Medicinal Plants of the Flora of Azerbaijan

Endemics of Azerbaijan Flora

Endemics of Azerbaijan Flora