Floor Of Building Research Articles

Location Sensitivity of Non-structural Component for Channel-type Auxiliary Building Considering Primary-secondary Structure Interaction

To ensure the safe and stable operation of nuclear power plants (NPP), many non-structural components (NSCs) are actively associated with NPP. Generally, floor response spectrum (FRS) is used to design the NSCs. Nevertheless, it is essential to focus on the mounting position and frequency of NSCs which is normally ignored during the conventional design of NSCs. This paper evaluates the effect of mounting location for NSCs over the same floor in a channel-type auxiliary building. The modal parameter estimation is taken into account to capture the dynamic property of the NPP auxiliary building by the shake table test; which leads to the calibration of the finite element model (FEM). The calibration of FEM was conducted through response surface methodology (RSM) and the calibrated model is verified utilizing modal parameters as well as frequency response spectrum function. Finally, the location sensitivity was investigated by time history analysis (THA) under artificially generated design response spectrum compatible earthquakes and sine sweeps. The result showed that the right choice of location for NSCs can be an important measure to reduce the undesirable responses during earthquakes, which can reduce up to 30% horizontal and 70% vertical zero period acceleration (ZPA) responses in channel-type auxiliary buildings.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПРОСТОРОВІ ВІДМІННОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ У ВЕЛИКОМУ МІСТІ

The concept of inclusiveness in urban development is not new. The contemporary interpretation of the term is associated with equal access of all social groups regardless of age, gender, health, wealth, etc., to full life activity as equal members of society. The inclusiveness of development itself is an indicator of measuring the city residents’ quality of life in the context of convenience, comfort, availability of services and space for citizens. It demonstrates the level of integration of all residents into the community. The article presents the results of the study of socio-spatial differences in the development of the inclusive infrastructure of a large city. The research is based on the data from observations and structured interviews conducted in January-March 2022 in the cities of Poltava and Kropyvnytskyi. The criteria for the selection of research sites were locations in the urban space in zones with different functions. A study of characteristic and typical (representative) parts was carried out according to the list of objects in each of the research areas in Poltava and Kropyvnytskyi. The mapping was used to visualise the functional content of the active floors of buildings and display the categories of their facades within the selected streets as urban public spaces. It was determined that Poltava is characterised by socio-spatial differences in the development of the inclusive infrastructure of pedestrian streets between the city centre, and industrial and new-build residential areas. An analysis of the functional content of the active floors of buildings was carried out and the categories of their facades on the pedestrian streets of Kropyvnytskyi were determined. Based on the results of the interviews with the residents of Poltava, the problems and priorities of the inclusive development of the large city were identified. The use of the obtained results for the elaboration of development strategies of the cities of Poltava and Kropyvnytskyi will allow taking into account the features of inclusive development and may contribute to considering the interests and needs of all categories of urban residents to eliminate spatial disparities in the social and economic development of cities.

Research on the Vibration Isolation Characteristics of Floor Vibration Isolation Slab System under Train Operation

This study takes the vibration isolation measures of building floor vibrations induced by trains as the starting point and carries out both theoretical derivation and numerical simulation. A four‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) multi‐dimensional vibration isolation platform (VIP) dynamics model is established based on the theoretical research of single‐level, single‐degree‐of‐freedom vibration isolation systems. Under multi‐point excitation, the model can deduce the horizontal and vertical vibration responses of the VIP system. A comprehensive analysis of the vibration isolation performance of the VIP system on the floor and how the variation of the parameters influences the performance of the vibration isolation systems are presented. Several variables, such as the thickness, stiffness, damping ratio, and the number of isolators of the VIP system, are theoretically found to have a significant impact on the vibration isolation effect of the floor VIP system. Empirical results show that the VIP system significantly affects the vibration isolation of the building floor induced by a train and has the best vibration isolation effect on the acceleration response and the worst vibration isolation effect on the displacement response.

Seismic Behaviour of Rc Building Located in Erbil, Iraq and Strengthening by Using Steel Frame Sections Precast Bolt-Connected Steel-Plate Reinforced Concrete

This paper present outside strengthening with precast substructures, is a relatively new retrofitting approach that has recently attracted the attention of researchers. Outside strengthening with precast substructure, in contrast to member-level strengthening technologies (e.g., FRP strengthening, enlarging member section areas, and replacing rebars), is a structure-system reinforcement method that integrates the substructure and the original structure, improves overall seismic performance, and changes the deformation mode of the entire structure. The seismic capability of the exterior strengthening with precast bolt-connected steel-plate reinforced concrete is critically evaluated in this paper (PBSPC) Case studies are used to demonstrate the working principles, numerical methodologies, and design approaches. The simulation results were similar with prior studies, demonstrating that the numerical model was effective. The use of building steel representations reduces construction time, increases efficiency, and lowers costs. The goal of this technology is to lower the seismic displacement demand of nonductile. Current RC structures have steel frames connecting to the building floors. These frameworks run parallel to the structure of the building. Ganjan Life City, a building in Erbil, Iraq, is being used as a case study. The ISC 2017 and ASCE 7-10 earthquake codes were used to evaluate the building’s seismic performance before and after the reinforcement. The analysis’ findings suggest that the recommended technique is correct.

Analysis of high-rise building by using fluid viscous dampers

Fluid viscous dampers are dynamic actuators that when stroke, it absorb the energy that by tectonic disturbances, wind absorption, or heat on a structure. Every multi-story building structure that is subjected to ground motion in daily life needs to be studied to determine how it responds because this is a common issue for construction. The structure's foundation is vibrating due to the earthquake. Buildings oscillate as a result of these vibrations, which could seriously harm the structure and observe the earthquake behaviour of structures with and without Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVD) and conventional Reinforce Concrete (RC) moment-resistant frames. The analysis takes place on displacement changes that caused by the addition of FVD in the structure and reduction in base shear in reinforced concrete structures after installing FVD and by using response spectrum and time history analysis. It compares the findings of storey displacement, storey stiffness, base shear, and storey drift assessments. This research provides information on several studies done on multi-story buildings while taking into account the various factors. The examination on vibration characteristics of a G+20 structure with and without a viscous damper is presented in the proposed work. Practically all multi-storeyed buildings must be analysed as three-dimensional systems, according to the current edition of the IS: 1893–2016. The building floor plans may be seen as asymmetrical and the hill slope topography of India is typically geologically stable.

Analisis Konstruksi Bangunan Bertingkat Terhadap Beban Gempa SNI-03-1726-2019 Dengan Infilled Frame

Red brick is one of the materials that is still quite widely used in construction practice, because it is quite easy to get and the price is relatively cheap. Red masonry wall is a pair consisting of a binder (mortar) and a filler (red brick) known as masonry. Masonry generally provides durable construction, where the constituent material, mortar quality, and workmanship greatly affect the durability of the overall wall construction. The installation of infill walls causes the structure to become more rigid, which can sometimes cause different failure behavior between structures without infill walls and structures with infill walls. This also affects the capacity and ductility of the overall structure. Several research results show that the interaction of the infill wall with the framework is very effective in increasing the strength, stiffness, and performance of the structure in resisting lateral loads due to earthquakes. This study takes the example of a 4 (four) floor building. The analysis is carried out by modeling the walls in the SAP2000 software application, where the structural models include: Model I fully uses frame elements, Model II is a structure modeled by including infill walls without plastering as a shell element, Model III is a structure modeled using infill walls with stucco reinforcement as the shell element, and Model IV is a structure modeled using infill walls with stucco reinforcement and counter wire as the shell element. The comparison parameters in this study are structural strength and deformation. Based on the results of the analysis, Model II, 90% stiffer than the open frame structure (open frame) Model I; while Model III is 92% stiffer than Model I; and Model IV, 97% stiffer than Model I which, when viewed from the X-direction earthquake load. When viewed from the Y-direction earthquake load, the infilled frame structure for Model II is 88% stiffer than the open frame structure (open frame) Model I; while Model III is 91% stiffer than Model I; and Model IV, 99 % stiffer than Model I. Moment and latitude values ​​of Model II, Model III, Model IV are smaller than Model I both in terms of the X-direction earthquake load and the Y-direction earthquake load. Infill walls of Model II are larger than those of Model IV and Model III when viewed from the X-direction earthquake load or due to the Y-direction earthquake load. and very qualified for use in areas with high earthquake risk

Оцінка радонової екологічної небезпеки для жителів міста західного регіону України

The results of the complex determination by the express method of the volumetric activity of 222Rn in the premises' air of Rivne city are given. The geometric mean value of the volumetric activity of 222Rn in the studied premises (600 basements, semi-basements, and first floors of residential buildings) of Rivne is 200 Bq/m3, the geometric standard deviation is 0.8. Namely, we determined the average geometric value of the volumetric activity 365 Bq/m3 in 185 basements, 161 Bq/m3 in 215 semi-basements, and 127 Bq/m3 in the living quarters of the first floors. We made a comparative analysis of experimentally obtained values of radon flux density from the soil of the city (the city was divided into 48 subdistricts) with statistics on mortality from lung cancer; mortality in these subdistricts was recorded for a certain period of time.

The impact of heavy object on an underground structure when falling onto the ground surface

At the objects of space infrastructure and at nuclear power facilities there are industrial structures, the main task of which is to protect a person, equipment or machinery from emergencies such as, for example, explosions, falling of various objects, fragments. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law On the Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Technogenic Emergencies, when calculating such structures, all types of loads corresponding to their functional purpose must be taken into account. So, for structures located in the area of a possible accident and the fall of space rockets, it is necessary to calculate for the fall of the destroyed parts of the rocket engine. For nuclear power plant facilities, such accidents occur when containers and other heavy objects fall on the ground, affecting underground structures located in the ground, and for civil defense protective structures built into the basement floors of buildings, it is necessary to consider situations in which the overlying floors of a building collapse when exposed to there is an air shock wave on them. Therefore, this problem is relevant, and in this study, a finite-element method for calculating an underground structure in a non-linear dynamic setting has been developed when a large overall object collides with the ground.

Problem of noise of roof boilers and ways of its solution

A typical example of the problem of noise impact of the equipment of a roof-top boiler room on the living quarters of apartments on the 18th floor of an apartment building, located under the roof-top boiler room and under the technical floor, is considered. The reasons for the occurrence of the increased noise level have been determined. Violations of the rules for the installation of equipment, affecting the increase in the noise level, the structural features of the building are revealed, ways of eliminating the increased noise level are proposed. The effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed measures to reduce the noise level is assessed.

Effect of Boundary Conditions on Seismic Response of Electrical Equipment subjected to High-Frequency Ground Motions

The updated ground motion hazard in Central and Eastern United States contains high frequency motions. Such motions do not cause structural damage. However, safety-related electrical equipment are sensitive to high-frequency accelerations. Seismic qualification of electrical equipment requires an in-cabinet response spectrum (ICRS) which depends on the dynamic response of electrical cabinets and buildings. A linear analysis to generate ICRS can give excessively high spectral accelerations. Cabinet models with geometric nonlinearities such as a gap in the connection with building floor show that high-frequency accelerations may not propagate to the electrical equipment. Unlike linear analysis, results from nonlinear analysis of a building-cabinet model with a gap show a periodic pattern of secondary peaks and valleys at higher frequencies. In this research, the unique observation of secondary peaks is explained through fundamental principles by considering the sliding response of a cabinet representation with gap subjected to harmonic excitation. It is observed that a periodic pattern of peaks and valleys exist due to a significantly large contribution from transient response, due to localized impacts at the gap in cabinet base, and its interaction with the steady-state response.

Vertical micro-segregation: is living in disadvantageous lower floors in Athens’ apartment blocks producing negative social effects?

This article estimates the effect of vertical segregation – across floors of apartment buildings – on educational attainment in the metropolitan area of Athens. This context offers an opportunity to evaluate and discuss the complementarity between horizontal segregation (across neighbourhoods) and vertical segregation. Using census microdata, we observe that the share of individuals dropping out of school early is much higher for young residents of disadvantageous lower-floor apartments than for those living in upper floors. This gap remains significant after controlling for all relevant personal, household, and neighbourhood characteristics. This result suggests an effect of vertical segregation on educational outcomes in addition to neighbourhood effects and individuals’ socio-economic status. Moreover, the findings of this article corroborate the claim that the target for public policies to increase social mix is not enough to address inequalities at the local level.

Microcontroller-based school bell system for the College of Engineering, DMMMSU-MLUC

This study aimed to develop an accurate reliable synchronized clock system for the operation of the College of Engineering, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus (DMMMSU-MLUC), City of San Fernando, La Union. It was a school bell system that was meant to synchronize class change and thus, bells were made available on every floor of the Engineering building, and that they all rang at the same time during class change. The Descriptive Research design was used in the study in gathering data on the actual problems relating to the absence of a bell system at the College of Engineering, DMMMSU-MLUC as well as the features included in the study. Rapid Application Development design was also used in the design and development of the prototype of the Microcontroller-Based School Bell System for the College of Engineering, DMMMSU-MLUC. Findings showed that Arduino microcontroller, relay module, real-time clock, Liquid Crystal Display, slide switch, pushbutton, and the round bells were the essential components in the design of the device; that the construction of the Microcontroller Based School Bell System for the College of Engineering, DMMMSU-MLUC was conducted using different electronic materials; and that testing of the components and the entire set-up of the device was made possible using different electronic measuring tools and equipment.

Influence of COVID-19 Building Restrictions on Physical Activity Promotion Through Increased Stair Use and Limited Elevator Access: A Quasi-Experimental Study-Sport and Physical Activity Group Active Campus Project.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of UK government COVID-19 safe offices policy to increase stair use in a higher education setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Automated counts at 3 ground floor staircases and the elevator entrances were used to estimate stair to elevator use ratio for ascent and descent from/to the ground floor of a university building at baseline (January to March 2020), first and second intervention months (October 2020, November 2020, respectively). Stair promoting signage and a 1-way system was implemented, in line with government policy. At baseline, stair to elevator use ratio for ascent from and descent to the ground floor was 1.36 (0.02) and 1.88 (0.02) people, respectively. The ratio significantly increased in the first intervention month to 2.64 (0.09) and 3.96 (0.22) people for ascent and descent, respectively. However, the ratio decreased between the first and second intervention months to 1.63 (0.06) and 3.05 (0.52) people for ascent and descent, respectively. The UK government COVID-19 policy was effective at increasing stair use in a higher education setting.

Indoor-outdoor relationship of PM2.5 mass concentrations in severe cold regions based on a coupled canopy model

• The indoor-outdoor particle diffusion model for cities in severely cold regions were established. • The concentration distribution between indoor and outdoor environments in a residential area were investigated. • There is a lag of about 2 h for indoor PM 2.5 mass concentrations relative to outdoors in conditions of the infiltration in the residential home. • The I/O ratios were greater for higher floors of buildings in the vertical direction. In the recent years, air pollution has become increasingly serious. Residential areas are the places where urban residents spend most their time. Air quality in residential areas and indoor environments significantly affects human health. The particle pollution characteristics of the cities in severely cold regions are spectacular due to unique climate characteristics of these cities, their urban energy consumption structures, underlying surfaces and architectural shape. All these characteristics significantly differ from those of other cities, and this difference is the main driver of unique particle pollution characteristics. This study established an indoor-outdoor particle diffusion model for cities in severely cold regions and it can be used to evaluate the relationship between indoor and outdoor particle concentrations. First, we found that there is a time lag of about 2 h for indoor PM 2.5 mass concentrations relative to outdoors in conditions of the infiltration in the residential home.As for the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 , the simulation results showed that the I/O ratios were greater for higher floors of buildings because of the differences in outdoor meteorological conditions in the vertical direction. In addition, indoor source emissions and large openings could significantly influence indoor particle concentration levels.

Analysis of technical solutions of stacks in high-rise buildings

Nowadays, due to the maximum use of building lands, high-rise buildings in the cities are coming to the forefront of construction. A high-rise building is a building that, due to its height, requires a different technical, technological and structural design. Due to the increasing floors of buildings, more and more demands are placed on sanitary installations in terms of hygiene and quality of distribution. With the drainage in a high-rise building, the biggest problem arises in the design of stacks, which must be given individual attention. Foul water stacks must be designed in such a way that the overpressure and negative pressure created in them do not cause the extraction of water from traps and thus the spread of unpleasant smell in the building. Fluctuations in the pressure in stacks are influenced by many other factors, such as the method of venting of the stack, the fitting used on the stack, or the transition of the stack to the drain. When dimensioning stacks in addition to the correct design, it is also necessary to use a suitable system, which significantly affects the investment costs. A properly chosen system can save a lot of money that could arise from excessive dimensions, unnecessary fire protection systems, or anchorages. The paper deals with a theoretical analysis of modern technical solutions that positively affect pressure fluctuations in waste water pipes in high-rise buildings.

Usulan Penerapan Metode Lean Project Management Pada Pembangunan Pelebaran Gedung Gitet Cilegon Baru PT. PLN (Persero)

The project construction of 2nd floors of GITET Cilegon Building at PT. PLN Persero run is not optimal. Delay is one of the waste occurs in the construction. This research aims to optimize the project construction with a lean thinking approach. Lean Project Management is a method used to obtain an optimal project schedule. Delay factors among others delay in material arrival, bad weather, and broken equipment. The highest risk potential was Acts of God and Natural Hazard such as rain, flood, or natural disasters. The recommendations for improvements to this problem are the switch of work that is material constrained, switch of work if any bad weather occurs. The results of the study obtained a time efficiency value of 33 days so that the work execution time could be accelerated to 156 days from the previous 189 days. The time efficiency contributes to project costs with an efficiency value of IDR 374.400.000.

Clinical Evidence Based Nursing (EBNP) Penggunaan Berg Balance Scale Untuk Mengkaji Keseimbangan Pada Pasien Stroke

Stroke can affect balance. Balance is the ability to maintain the body in a balanced position both in static and dynamic conditions. However, the assessment of the existing balance is only done in a static state in stroke patients. The balance assessment describes the balance of stroke patients so that they can be written on asessment form and the transfer record and can determine the need for balance training as one of the rehabilitation of stroke patients. This EBN application aims to find out the use of Berg Balance Scale to assess the balance of both static and dynamic conditions in stroke patients. The method used is conducting PICO analysis, searching database, critical appraisal, and determining relevant journals. EBN implementation was carried out on 10 people who had a stroke in zone A on the 5th floor of Building A RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. This study uses the Berg Balance Scale scale in Indonesian. The analysis showed that stroke patients who experienced balance disorders were 7 people and did not experience a balance of 3 people BBS can assess the balance of stroke patients in accordance with existing evidence. BBS can be used as a balance assessment in stroke patients.

Phase composition of earthquake-resistant bricks fired at various temperatures based on inter-shale clay and aluminium-containing slag from the production of metallic chromium

Most low-melting (brick-tile) clays in the Russian Federation are classified as semi-acidic and acidic, and not baked with a high content of coloring oxides (Fe 2 O 3 > 3 %) and a low content of aluminum oxide (12‒15 %). With such a content of aluminum oxide in clay components, it is impossible to get bricks of M150 or more grades from them. For the construction of load-bearing walls of the lower floors of high-rise buildings (10 floors or more), ceramic bricks of the M150‒M300 grades are required. In this work, a ceramic earthquake-resistant brick was obtained based on waste oil shale-inter-shale clay used as a clay component and aluminum-containing slag from the production of metal chromium, used as a thinning agent without the use of natural traditional raw materials. Earthquake-resistant bricks fired in the temperature range of 1050‒1100 o С had a grade of M150‒М175. Studies of the phase composition of ceramic bricks showed that at a temperature of 1100 o С in had a grade of M150‒М175. Studies of the phase composition of ceramic bricks have shown that at a temperature of 1100 oС, mullite is formed in the samples.

A backstepping control design for ATMD systems of building structure against earthquake excitations in the presence of parametric uncertainty

The design of a novel backstepping controller for using with active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system is investigated in this study. The main aim of this study is to design the controller for the ATMD system to reduce earthquake-induced vibrations in multistory buildings. Obtaining a generalizable control design for such systems is another important aim of this study. To reach this aim, the designed controller is based on the assumption that the system parameters are completely uncertain. The parametric uncertainty is coped with via adaptive compensation rules proposed in accordance with available system states. Effects of the control force on the displacement of the controller mass and the last floor of a multistory building are considered together. Owing to this approach, a control operation is provided in which zero convergence of the displacement of the mass of ATMD and all floors of the building can be guaranteed. Using Lyapunov-based arguments, theoretically, it has been proven that the designed controller can maintain its stability of the structure and controller mass while achieving this main control objective. The efficiency of the designed controller in terms of reaching the mentioned control objective is observed via numerical simulations. In these simulations, the designed controller is used in conjunction with an ATMD system placed on a multistory building model, and it has been shown that the controller designed in such structures can be used effectively for damping the earthquake-induced vibrations of these types of structures.

Smyrna’dan Yeni Yazıtlar

The latest corpus of the inscriptions from Smyrna was published by Georg Petzl in Die Inschriften von Smyrna, Teil II,2: Addenda, Corrigenda und Indices, in series of Inschriften griechische Städte aus Kleinasien, volume 24,2, Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt, in 1990. New inscriptions from Smyrna after Petzl’s corpus have not been collected as addenda. In the present article it is aimed to make an addition to the corpus with the presentation of 14 inscriptions and fragments newly found during the excavations of the agora and theatre of Smyrna conducted by associate professor Akın Ersoy from İzmir Katip Çelebi University since 2007. Some inscriptions discovered around the agora and theatre, mainly at Kadifekale, but not belonging to the excavation area were also included to the study as an epigraphic material of ancient Smyrna. The inscriptions unearthed in the agora of Smyrna are mostly spolia used in the construction of different buildings over two millennia as it was occupied till to modern years. There are only three complete inscriptions and they are funeral. The rest of the inscriptions are very fragmentary. The group of the inscriptions found in the excavation of the theatre of Smyrna are subject of interest for the use and construction phases of the theatre. On a cornice piece composed of two lines the names of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla as Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius were identified. Two inscriptions found on the blocks of room walls in the 1st floor of the stage building are recorded to show places of actors. One of them records instruments of Bassus and children of Thessaloniki. The other belongs to a mimologus with the name of Iulius who is attested as mimologus Iulius in a funerary inscription from Smyrna. On two blocks found above the proskenion a certain Eustochius is defined as magnificentissimus, illustris and father possibly for the father of the city.