Floor Of Building Research Articles

Memories of Alexander Alexandrovich Potapov (1948-2021).

Go up to the 9th floor of the clinical building of the National Center for Neurosurgery. Here is the department of neurotraumatology named after Acad. A.A. Potapov. You are greeted by a portrait of its creator, Alexander Alexandrovich - a shrewd look of a concerned man. Behind the portrait - stands, telling the history of the study of craniocerebral trauma in the Institute of Neurosurgery named after N.N. Burdenko. N.N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery.

Deformation of concrete under long-term influences of different types

Introduction: Creep deformation of concrete depends at the character of stress state (compression, tension, bending, etc.). At this moment in our country as well abroad the chief parameter which determine by results of long tests concrete sample is the creep of concrete. These tests are done in the mode of uniaxial compression in spring units for one or several specimens, which simulates the compression of walls and columns. But in addition to centrally compressed elements, bending is present in an important part of structures (extracentral compressed columns, slabs, beams, etc.). In unique and difficult constructions massive reinforced concrete elements (foundations, elements of supports for equipment, columns of the lower floors of high-rise buildings, etc.) are often used. In this case the real work of structures under longterm effect of loading differs at the experimental one. Objective: Design and approbation of these methods to concrete testing samples under conditions other than standard tests - in the bending and three-axial compression modes. Materials and methods: In this scientific article describe the methodology of experimental setup for investigation of creep concrete specimens in the bending mode and in the mode imitating three-axial compression, describes the parameters of testing devices, specimens under test and principles transmission of load. Results: In this scientific article results of the experimental studies are presented in the graphical form in the article; their analysis is fulfilled. Conclusions: The perspectivity of the suggested approaches to the testing of concrete specimens for long-term loads has been shown, and recommendations for changes in GOST 24544 have been prepared.

Account of compliance of precast disk of overlapping in the calculation of frames

The article provides a description of the methodology for taking into account pliable interfaces of prefabricated reinforced concrete disks of floors of multi-storey frame buildings when modeling by the finite element method. The results of numerical studies and a comparative analysis of numerical studies of the compliance of the floor disk with experimental data are presented. The results of the study of the effect of compliant interaction of structures on the stress-strain state of a multi-storey frame are shown.

Study of the features of the work of concrete-steel composite beams in buildings with a steel frame

Concrete-steel composite structures are unique structures that combine the advantages of both steel and concrete. Their application is especially relevant in cases where construction objects need to withstand high loads with small cross-sectional dimensions. Thanks to the factory production of most of the elements and easy installation, it is possible to significantly reduce construction times. The main areas of application are high-rise construction, industrial construction, and bridge construction. The main task in the design of concrete-steel composite structures is to take into account the joint work of a reinforced concrete slab and steel beams, i.e. correct modeling of the structure when using calculation systems. This article explores various options for setting the numerical model of a concrete-steel composite beams using the example of one floor of a high-rise building, evaluates their reliability and compliance with the actual behavior of the structure. In conclusion, recommendations are offered on the numerical modeling of concrete-steel composite beams for calculation using the finite element method.

All-Union Housing Census of the USSR in 1960: Organization and Results

The article examines the organizational forms of housing accounting in the USSR and analyzes the results of the census and accounting of the housing stock of the USSR as of January 1, 1960. The article presents the criteria by which the Soviet leadership attributed a specific structure to a certain category of housing and also took into account the degree of its convenience and amenities. Throughout the USSR, the census registered 12.2 million residential buildings with a living area of 659.1 million m2, in which 109.1 million people were settled. In rural areas, the housing stock, being the personal property of citizens, was outside the census. The article provides data on the number of floors of residential buildings, the materials of the walls, describes the qualitative characteristics of housing and the provision of certain types of conveniences — sewerage, central heating, water supply, gas. The authors also consider the issue of providing Soviet citizens with living space. They come to the conclusion that the average space of 5.9 m2 per person is a rather approximate estimate since the standards for the provision of living space were set by local councils depending on the complexity of the housing situation in a particular city or district. These standards were necessary for the authorities to regulate housing queues. The census’s figures reflected the appearance of the majority of Soviet cities, which by 1960 remained (with the exception of capitals and some large cities) mostly wooden and one-storey, with small inclusions of stone blocks built at the beginning of the twentieth century and the period of industrialization as well as panel new buildings of the second half of the 1950s.

Гібридні конструкції балок на транспорті із застосуванням металу

To analyze the future use of hybrid and combined structures for floors of buildings and structures for civil and industrial purposes, including in transport, to expand the range of beam structures, to develop an innovative design solution for a hybrid beam with low material consumption with increased reliability and durability of the structure. Analysis of the advantages of hybrid structures, materials used for their design, calculation of a metal-composite beam using existing engineering methods according to STO “Strengthening steel structures with composite materials. Design and production technology of works ”and numerical methods of calculation with the involvement of calculation programs. The advantages of hybrid and combined structures were revealed, a decrease in the material consumption of a metal-composite beam reinforced with boroplastic was revealed in comparison with a steel one. The proposed constructive solution of the beam can be used in floors and roofs of buildings and structures, transport facilities, especially in aggressive environments, as well as in the overhaul and reconstruction of industrial and civil facilities. New developments of beams using steel concrete and composite materials for designed and reinforced structures are presented. An innovative design of a metal-composite beam was developed - a steel beam reinforced with an external reinforcement system made of a composite material, protected by a utility model patent, its static and structural calculation was performed using the SCAD computer complex, the stress-strain state was analyzed, an analysis was made of reducing the consumption of steel of a metal-composite beam and others. its advantages over traditional steel and reinforced concrete beam solutions.

Experimental Mode and Vibration Comfort Analysis of High-Rise Glulam Building Floor Structure

In order to better meet the objective requirements of the use safety of the high-rise glulam building floor structure and the living comfort of the residents, the transient excitation, environmental excitation and frequency spectrum identification methods were used to carry out experimental modal test in-site on the three rooms numbered A, B and C of the same glulam structural building. The three rooms have different functions, different floor sizes and different floor supporting structures. The research results have shown that the first-order bending frequency of the floor structure of Room A is 27.50 Hz, the transverse second-order bending frequency is 34.75 Hz, the longitudinal second-order bending frequency is 53.25 Hz, and the first-order torsional frequency is 56.25 Hz. The reinforced wooden beam at the bottom of the floor of Room A increases the transverse stiffness of the floor structure, but does not offset the anisotropy caused by the longitudinally installed glulam floors. The fundamental frequency values of the floor structures of the three rooms numbered A, B, and C are 27.5, 13 and 18 Hz, respectively. This has a relatively high innovation and reference significance for integrating the theory of structural dynamic characteristics with the dynamic testing technology, improving the design level of high-rise glulam structure buildings, and improving the living comfort of residents.

Low-carbon Transformation of Nankai Campus Based on Energy Audits Comprehensive utilization of New Energy

The existing campus has a large building area, a low level of energy saving, less renewable energy utilization, higher energy consumption, and obvious energy-saving space. Based on the energy audit of Nankai University, this paper proposes a low-carbon campus transformation technology system combining building energy saving, clean heat supply and distributed photovoltaic in view of its problems such as high municipal heating energy consumption, low comfort, high electricity bill, and tight electricity consumption. Because the campus has both winter holidays and there is tidal phenomenon in teaching buildings and dormitory buildings, etc., the heating demand is reduced, so its heating and energy-saving space is large. At the same time, the number of campus building floors is low, the roof is conducive to the installation of photovoltaic, it is estimated that the annual power generation of rooftop photovoltaic installation can reach more than 70% of the campus electricity consumption, combined with energy-saving transformation and smart energy management, it is easy to achieve its low-carbon goals.

A Case Study on Potential Saving of Energy Consumption at Hospital Putrajaya

Efficient electrical energy usage has been recognised as one of the significant factors to reduce the cost of electrical energy consumption. In this world, hospitals are public buildings that use the enormous energy of other buildings. Due to its 24 hours service, the use of hospital building energy is estimated to be among the highest compared to commercial and residential buildings. In this research, the main building of Putrajaya Hospital has been selected. The main building covered by the first floor until the fifth floor will be focused to conduct this research. This research aims to identify energy consumption, cost savings and the provision of solutions to achieve the cost savings target of Putrajaya Hospital. The characteristics and location of the building were recognised at the beginning of the research. Besides, this study was continued by identifying the lighting system presented at Putrajaya Hospital and the electricity tariff published by Tenaga Nasional Bhd. The calculation of energy consumption and cost for each floor of the main building, starting from the first floor to the fifth floor proposed the energy saving method. Four potential savings methods are proposed later in this research which include the switch to LED lighting saving potential, occupancy sensor, regular maintenance, and reduce light operation hour by using the alternate system. The result was found that energy consumption can be reduced up to 73.38% by switching the current lamp to LED lamp.

Active Utilization and Time Reduction of Connection Pipeline Facilities in Fire Sites

This study examined a method of confirming the location of connection water pipe facilities installed in buildings in a short time. The study aimed to help solve failure to supply firefighters with fire extinguishing water or delays because the location of the fire extinguishing facility’s water supply could not be timely identified. Owing to unclear regulations on the location of the fire-fighting facility’s water outlet installation as prescribed by the Fire Safety Technology, many apartments install it on the side or back of buildings. Given that the fire-fighting facility’s water outlet is not installed in a certain place, firefighters cannot quickly find the location of the fire facility’s water outlet at fire sites, leading to delays in securing fire extinguishing water. A solution is to attach “firefighting facility installation guide signs” to the indoor fire extinguishing tank on the first floor of apartment buildings. Additionally, the fire safety standards shall be stipulated on the installment of indoor signs indicating the fire-fighting facilities. These solutions can address difficulties in finding fire facility’s water outlet at the fire site and resolve delays. Above all, implementing these can ensure the timely supply of fire extinguishing water to firefighters.

Inferring the number of floors for residential buildings

Data on the number of floors is required for several applications, for instance, energy demand estimation, population estimation, and flood response plans. Despite this, open data on the number of floors is very rare, even when a 3D city model is available. In practice, it is most often inferred with a geometric method: elevation data is used to estimate the height of a building, which is divided by an assumed storey height and rounded. However, as we demonstrate in this paper with a large dataset of residential buildings, this method is unreliable: <70% of the buildings have a correct estimate. We demonstrate that other attributes and characteristics of buildings can help us better predict the number of floors. We propose several indicators (e.g. construction year, cadastral attributes, building geometry, and neighbourhood census data), and we present a predictive model that was trained with 172,000 buildings in the Netherlands. Our model achieves an accuracy of 94.5% for residential buildings with five floors or less, which is an improvement of about 25% over the geometric approach. Above five floors, our model has only a slight improvement on the geometric approach (5%). The main culprit is the lack of training data for tall buildings, which is uncommon in the Netherlands.

Assessing retrofit strategies for mosque buildings using TOPSIS

Energy demand is rapid increase with the increase in usage of energy-consuming devices and growth in global buildings floor area. For this reason, many countries have developed policies and rating systems for converting current buildings to more energy-efficient and sustainable ones. However, religious buildings such as mosques were given little attention. Mosques are considered one of the unique building types for their operational scheme, and occupancy pattern throughout the year differ from any other types of buildings. Many factors affect mosques’ operational performance, such as energy wastage from their intermittent operation, poor building envelope characteristics, excessive lighting and HVAC systems, and poor thermal and visual comfort for the occupants. This paper presents a framework that aids in assessing and enhancing the operational performance of mosque buildings using five main evaluation criteria. The development of the framework involves four main stages. The first stage involves data acquisition using 3D laser scanning for electronic building documentation and site investigation that identifies the main factors affecting mosques’ operational performance. The second stage involves constructing the BIM model for developing the energy analysis model using IESVE (Integrated Environmental Solutions-Virtual Environment) software. Then, the third stage considers proposing different retrofit strategies that could be applied to evaluate their impact on the mosques’ operational performance. Finally, the last stage identifies the assessment criteria for evaluating the impact of the proposed retrofit strategies and developing a decision-making model using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) as decision-making techniques. The framework is demonstrated using an actual case study of Imam Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo, Egypt, to demonstrate its main features.

An Intelligent Multi-Floor Navigational System Based on Speech, Facial Recognition and Voice Broadcasting Using Internet of Things.

Modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and physical systems used as navigation systems play an important role in locating a specific location in an unfamiliar environment. Due to recent technological developments, users can now incorporate these systems into mobile devices, which has a positive impact on the acceptance of navigational systems and the number of users who use them. The system that is used to find a specific location within a building is known as an indoor navigation system. In this study, we present a novel approach to adaptable and changeable multistory navigation systems that can be implemented in different environments such as libraries, grocery stores, shopping malls, and official buildings using facial and speech recognition with the help of voice broadcasting. We chose a library building for the experiment to help registered users find a specific book on different building floors. In the proposed system, to help the users, robots are placed on each floor of the building, communicating with each other, and with the person who needs navigational help. The proposed system uses an Android platform that consists of two separate applications: one for administration to add or remove settings and data, which in turn builds an environment map, while the second application is deployed on robots that interact with the users. The developed system was tested using two methods, namely system evaluation, and user evaluation. The evaluation of the system is based on the results of voice and face recognition by the user, and the model's performance relies on accuracy values obtained by testing out various values for the neural network parameters. The evaluation method adopted by the proposed system achieved an accuracy of 97.92% and 97.88% for both of the tasks. The user evaluation method using the developed Android applications was tested on multi-story libraries, and the results were obtained by gathering responses from users who interacted with the applications for navigation, such as to find a specific book. Almost all the users find it useful to have robots placed on each floor of the building for giving specific directions with automatic recognition and recall of what a person is searching for. The evaluation results show that the proposed system can be implemented in different environments, which shows its effectiveness.

Audit energi sistem tata cahaya dan tata udara lantai 2 &amp; 3 pada bangunan gedung toko buku di Pekanbaru

Energy audit is a technique used to analyze the amount of energy consumption in buildings and identify ways or methods to save it. Based on the Minister of Human Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012 stated rules regarding energy management and energy saving standards. Shopping buildings are one of the sectors that use electrical energy to operate. A bookstore in Pekanbaru which consists of three floors also uses electrical energy for lighting and air conditioning systems. The use of electricity for lighting and air conditioning for a month is 37985.5 kWh and then ECO is carried out so that the use of electrical energy can be reduced to 30,138 kWh in each month. The use of electrical energy can be expressed in Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE), before the ECO IKE was carried out for the 2nd and 3rd floors of the bookstore building in Pekanbaru was 28.59 and after energy saving opportunities, the Energy Consumption Index became 23.09.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ВРАХУВАННЯ КООПЕРОВАНОЇ ФОРМИ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ СПОРТИВНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

This article is devoted to the issue of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby residential areas. Our interest in this question is based on the problem of low involvement of the population of Ukraine in physical culture and sports, as well as the lack of capacity of the existing network of sports facilities of the country. Considered several scientific papers in which the question of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby areas. It is noted that the sports facilities of educational institutions make up a large part of the network of sports facilities of the country. However, most of the existing educational institutions sporting facilities have been built without taking into account the possibility of use by different groups of people. The article considers several characteristic features of such sports facilities that make their use by residents of nearby areas inconvenient. Both the functional aspect (the location of the object in the back of the site; location of sports halls on the upper or basement floors of educational buildings, etc.), and the semantic (expressiveness and informativeness of the environment) and aesthetic aspects are considered. The question of the motivational capacity of higher education institutions' sports complexes is raised. The modern state of a network of sports facilities at higher educational institutions is considered. The question of the negative influence of their obsolete and in need of repair condition on the motivation of visitors and the effectiveness of the process of physical education on their basis is highlighted. Insufficient attention to the issue of cooperative operation of the sports complex of higher educational institutions by other groups of the population is noted. In particular, the question of taking this form of operation into account when calculating the simultaneous capacity of a higher education institution's sports complex remains unclear. This issue requires further study.

Masonry buildings subjected to settlements: Half-scale testing, detailed measurements, and insights into behaviour

Industry procedures to assess the risk of settlement-induced damage to masonry buildings ignore key aspects of the problem, such as the influences of building weight, façade openings, and floor structures. Experimental data are needed to characterise the influence of these aspects on damage. This paper describes tests on three brick masonry half-scale building models subjected to settlements. The use of scaling rules in choosing the model materials and kentledge, the settlement apparatus, and the cross-validation of displacement and strain measurements are presented. Comparative evaluation of building responses show that: (i) the distribution of building weight and the resulting in-situ stresses play a key role in determining compliance to settlements, (ii) openings make the structure vulnerable to cracking and (iii) floor slabs stiffen and strengthen the building and prevent the formation of damage in the upper floors, leading to a concentration of damage at the ground storey.

Acoustical aspects of replacing traditional materials in building elements with renewable and recycled ones

Building elements, especially partitions, floors and external walls significantly affect indoor acoustic comfort. Their ability to reduce noise transmission from neighbouring rooms or from outdoors depends on the element composition and the building materials used. In Central Europe, the heavyweight masonry or concrete walls and slabs are typical elements both for family and residential buildings. However, increasing popularity of lightweight multi-layered structures is noticeable. This creates new opportunities for the gradual replacement of traditional materials with renewable and recycled ones, both for load-bearing components and for fillings and other layers of building elements. This paper introduces such design changes in relation to acoustics, particularly airborne sound insulation. The greatest attention is paid to the replacement of masonry and mineral wool insulation with timber and wood fibres. The overview is supplemented by examples of low-energy house external wall and timber wall with recycled infill whose sound insulation has been determined by measurements in the acoustic laboratory.

A Prototype Machine Learning Tool Aiming to Support 3D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveying of Self-Made Cities

Land administration and management systems (LAMSs) have already made progress in the field of 3D Cadastre and the visualization of complex urban properties to support property markets and provide geospatial information for the sustainable management of smart cities. However, in less developed economies, with informally developed urban areas—the so-called self-made cities—the 2D LAMSs are left behind. Usually, they are less effective and mainly incomplete since a large number of informal constructions remain unregistered. This paper presents the latest results of an innovative on-going research aiming to structure, test and propose a low-cost but reliable enough methodology to support the simultaneous and fast implementation of both 2D land parcel and 3D property unit registration of informal, multi-story and unregistered constructions. An Indoor Positioning System (IPS) built upon low-cost Bluetooth technology combined with an innovative machine learning algorithm and connected with a 3D LADM-based cadastral mapping mobile application are the two key components of the technical solution under investigation. The proposed solution is tested for the first floor of a multi-room office building. The main conclusions concern the potential, usability and reliability of the method.

Seismic Response Of Multi-storey Building Using Artificial Neural Network

The different parameters like base shear, drift, and top storey displacement of G+7 building is evaluated by using time history analysis and response spectrum analysis for the purpose of comparative study of both the analyses using MATLAB and an artificial neural network (ANN). The main objective of present work is to analyse earthquake of different locations like Bhuj, Kobe, Victoria and Elecentro, for time history analysis building is not connected with actuator and it is analysed during seismic motion of building using a MATLAB software. Base shear, drift and top storey displacement is evaluated during this analysis. For response spectrum analysis, first building relates to actuator at top floor. And during seismic motion of building different parameters like base shear, drift and top floor displacement are evaluated using MATLAB software and for evaluation of control force of a design actuator artificial neural network (ANN) is used. From time history analysis, response spectrum analysis test results and graphs for G+7 building it is clear that, when actuator is not connected with building it does not dissipate the energy of seismic motion and base shear of building , drift , and top floor displacement is very high, and in second case when building is connected with actuator at optimal place it gives considerable response during seismic motion of building and base shear of building, drift, and top floor displacement are can considerably reduce using control actuator system.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of a designed envelop contenting phase change material and imposed solar heat flux and ambient air

Buildings are one of the largest consumers of energy for cooling and heating systems to provide the comfort temperature for human living. The use of smart materials or phase change materials (PCMs) pave the road to prevent heat loss of buildings. This material is injected into a block called envelop, employed in Buildings' roof and floor. In the present study, a envelop filled PCM with a melting temperature of 16.5 ° C was designed and simulated by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and was imposed surrounding air (robin boundary condition). Moreover, the effects of Buoyant force, creating free convection mechanism due to melting PCM and density change with temperature, was considered in this numerical method. Thus, this unsteady numerical study focused on three inclined angles (30 ≤ θ ≤ 60) and three solar heat flux (200≤q”≤300Wm2) imposed in 12 h, whose effects were analyzed on the melting fraction, temperature contours for 12 h and melting fraction percentage at passing time after 12 h. The obtained results showed that the phase change line was perpendicular to gravity vector due to high buoyant force. Moreover, investigation of inclined angles was a vital parameter in PCM melting process. Furthermore, the indoor of building was safe from hot air outdoor at least 9 h exposing the worst solar heat flux.