Floating Inductance Simulator Research Articles

CC-CBTA-Based Floating Inductance Simulator with CM/VM PID Controllers

This work describes voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM) PID controllers and an electrically controllable floating inductance (FI) simulator circuit. Only a single current-controlled current backward transconductance amplifier (CC-CBTA) and a grounded capacitor are used in the proposed FI simulator circuit. One CBTA, one CC-CBTA, two capacitors and one resistor are used in the proposed PID controllers. All of the proposed circuits have appropriate input and output impedance values, allowing them to be utilized in cascade connections without requiring a buffer circuit. There is also no matching constraint between the active and passive values of the proposed circuit. The SPICE software environment and experimental results were used to validate theoretical derivations and associated outcomes. The layout of the CC-CBTA has been built, and the post-layout simulations are carried out using the netlist extracted from the layout. Comparisons were made with similar circuits found in the professional literature.

Realization of an Electronically Tunable Resistor-Less Floating Inductance Simulator Using VCII

In this paper, a new implementation of an electronically tunable resistor-less floating inductance simulator using a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is presented. The proposed circuit is resistor-free (benefiting from the intrinsic resistors at the Y terminals of the employed VCIIs) and composed of three VCIIs and a single grounded capacitor. Using a control current (Icon), the value of impedance at the Y terminal of the VCII is varied, whereby the value of the simulated inductance is tuned. The proposed circuit is designed at a transistor level using 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS parameters and ±0.9 V supply voltage. PSpice simulations are carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed circuit. For a range of Icon from 0 µA to 50 µA, the value of the simulated L can be varied from −576 µH to −324 µH and from +316 µH to +576 µH for negative and positive simulators, respectively, in the frequency range of 100 kHz–3 MHz. Favorably, the value of the series resistance remains below 76 Ω. Simulation results show an error value below 4.8% and power consumption variation is from 1.64 mW to 1.92 mW. Moreover, application of the proposed circuit as a standard band-pass RLC filter is also included.

Inductance Simulators and Their Application to the 4th Order Elliptic Lowpass Ladder Filter Using CMOS VD-DIBAs

This paper presents inductance simulators using the voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA) as an active building block. Three types of inductance simulators, including floating lossless inductance, series inductance-resistance, and parallel inductance-resistance simulators, are proposed, in addition to their application to the 4th order elliptic lowpass ladder filter. The simple design procedures of these inductance simulators using a circuit block diagram are also given. The proposed inductance simulators employ two VD-DIBAs and two passive elements. The complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) VD-DIBA used in this design utilizes the multiple-input metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor technique in order to achieve a compact and simple structure with a minimum count of transistors. Thanks to this technique, the VD-DIBA offers high performances compared to the other CMOS structures presented in the literature. The CMOS VD-DIBAs and their applications are designed and simulated in the Cadence environment using a 0.18 µm CMOS process from Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC). Using a supply voltage of ±0.9 V, the linear operation of VD-DIBA is obtained over a differential input range of −0.5 V to 0.5 V. The lowpass (LP) ladder filter realized with the proposed inductance simulators shows a dynamic range (DR) of 80 dB for a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2% at 1 kHz and a 1.8 V peak-to-peak output. In addition, the experimental results of the floating inductance simulators and their applications are obtained by using VD-DIBA constructed from the available commercial components LM13700 and AD830. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental ones, confirming the advantages of the inductance simulators and their application.

Comment- An Active Inductor Employing A New FTFNTA

ABSTRACT In this paper, a note is made to point out on the proposed structure of floating inductor in a manuscript ‘An Active Inductor Employing A New Four Terminal Floating Nullor Transconductance Amplifier (FTFNTA)’ published recently in this journal and a new circuit is proposed, which is the correct realisation of it. So a new floating inductance simulator employing two FTFNTA, one resistor and two grounded capacitors has been proposed. The proposed inductor is positive floating and lossless type offering the advantage of wider frequency bandwidth. Its inductance value can be adjusted electronically by proper tuning of the bias current and their workability has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulations in 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology and its application confirming the theoretical analysis.

Design and analysis of floating inductance simulators using VDDDAs and their applications

This contribution introduces the design of new electronically controllable floating inductance simulators including lossless inductor, parallel resistor-inductor and series resistor-inductor circuits. The proposed simulators consist of two voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDAs) as active function block with one resistor and one grounded capacitor. For real practical test and cheap cost, the VDDDA employed in this paper is constructed from commercially available ICs. The proposed active inductors don’t require any critical matching condition of passive element. If second port of the proposed inductors is assigned as output voltage, it can be simply adapted to achieve low impedance output voltage node with unity or double gain amplifier which is beneficial feature. Moreover, the third order low-pass and fourth order band-pass ladder filters are designed using proposed simulators. Low impedance output voltage node and double output voltage gain of ladder filters with electronic controllability of pass-band frequency are obtained. The performances of the presented simulator circuits and ladder filters are tested by Pspice simulation and experiment using VDDDA constructed from ICs, AD830 and LM13700. The simulation and experimental results confirm with theoretical behavior. Moreover, the recommended design for chip implementation to reduce number of VDDDA is included. The recommended lossless inductor, parallel resistor-inductor and series resistor-inductor circuits consist of single VDDDA which contains plus and minus z terminals along with single resistor and single grounded capacitor.

Novel Lossless Grounded and Floating Inductance Simulators Employing a Grounded Capacitor Based on CC-CFA

Simulation of inductors has been a very popular area of analog circuit research and the alternative choice for realizing inductor-based circuits in integrated circuits. In this paper, lossless, grounded and floating inductor topologies using current-controlled-current-feedback amplifier (CC-CFA) with single grounded capacitor are presented. The proposed topologies can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the CC-CFA. Two topologies for grounded inductor simulator employ two CC-CFA and one grounded capacitor. One topology for floating inductor simulator employs three CC-CFA and one grounded capacitor. The performance of the grounded and floating inductor simulators are demonstrated on resonant circuits. The theoretical analysis is verified by PSPICE simulation results.

Floating Inductance Simulators Based on Active Components

Floating inductance simulators are designed in the paper. only two active components, one capacitor and one ground resistor are adopted in each simulator. A fifth-order low-pass filter is designed to verify the properties. All the circuits are simulated in a 0.18μm CMOS process. The consistent in the simulating results and the theoretical analysis results proves that the floating inductance simulators based on active components are reasonable and practicable.

Pseudo-Differential Filter Design Using Novel Adjustable Floating Inductance Simulator with Electronically Controllable Current Conveyors

This paper presents new floating inductance simulator based on three electronically controllable current conveyors (ECCIIs) and differential voltage buffer (DVB). The inductance simulator offers simple electronic control of inductance value as well as simple control of losses by change of parameters of active elements. Based on this floating inductance simulator, example of reconnection-less reconfigurable pseudo-differential first-order filter, allowing change of transfer function between high-pass and inverting all-pass response, is discussed and studied. Moreover, the proposed structure can be easily extended to a pseudo-differential second-order band-bass filter. Behaviour of presented solutions is verified by PSpice simulations and also experimentally in frequency band up to 10 MHz. Obtained results confirmed expected features.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.23.2.17996

New Electronically-Controllable Lossless Synthetic Floating Inductance Circuit Using Single VDCC

A new electronically-controllable lossless floating inductance (FI) circuit (without any matching condition) has been presented, which employs only one Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor (VDCC), one grounded capacitor and one grounded resistor. The main aim of the paper is to present a new floating inductance simulator using single active device with minimum passive components. The proposed floating inductance simulator can be electronically controllable by changing the bias current. The workability of the new presented FI circuit has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

Electronically-Controllable Grounded-Capacitor-Based Grounded and Floating Inductance Simulated Circuits Using VD-DIBAs

New Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA) based lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed. The proposed grounded simulated inductance circuit employs a single VD-DIBA, one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor. The floating simulated inductance (FI) circuits employ two VD-DIBAs with two passive components (one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor). The circuit for grounded inductance does not require any realization conditions where as in case of floating inductance circuits, a single matching condition is needed. Simulation results demonstrating the applications of the new simulated inductors using CMOS VD-DIBAs have been included to confirm the workability of the new circuits.

Grounded and Floating Inductance Simulation Circuits Using VDTAs

New electronically-controllable lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed grounded inductance (GI) circuit employs a single VDTA and one grounded capacitor whereas the floating inductance (FI) circuit employs two VDTAs and one grounded capacitor. The workability of the new circuits has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

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MO-CCCCTA-Based Floating Positive and Negative Inductors and Their Applications

This paper introduces a floating inductance simulation using multiple output current controlled current conveyer transconductance amplifier (MO-CCCCTA). The simulated inductor retains minimum requirement of passive elements as only one-grounded capacitance is used for one inductor. PSPICE simulation has been done and included to ensure the validity of the approach. A few applications have also been included to substantiate the usability of the proposed circuit.

Current-controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier and applications in continuous-time signal processing circuits

This article presents the design for a basic current-mode building block for analogue signal processing, named as Current Controlled Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (CCCDTA). Its parasitic resistances at two current input ports can be controlled by an input bias current. As it can be applied in current-mode of all terminals, it is very suitable to use in a current-mode signal processing, which is continually more popular than a voltage one. The proposed element is realized in a bipolar technology and its performance is examined through PSPICE simulations. They display usability of the new active element, where the maximum bandwidth is 65 MHz. The CCCDTA performs low-power consumption and tuning over a wide current range. In addition, some examples as a current-mode universal biquad filter, a current-mode multiplier/divider and floating inductance simulator are included. They occupy only single CCCDTA.

A novel low-voltage low-power fully differential voltage and current gained CCII for floating impedance simulations

In this paper we present a new current-mode basic building block that we named voltage and current gained second generation current conveyor (VCG-CCII). The proposed active block allows to control and tune both the CCII current gain and the voltage gain through external control voltages. It has been designed, at transistor level in a standard CMOS technology (AMS 0.35μm), with a low single supply voltage (2V), as a fully differential active block. The proposed integrated solution, having both low-voltage (LV) and low-power (LP) characteristics, can be applied with success in suitable IC applications such as floating capacitance multipliers and floating inductance simulators, utilizing a minimum number of active components (one and two, respectively). Simulation results, related to floating impedance simulators, are in good agreement with the theoretical expectations.

Electronically tunable floating inductance simulator

In this letter, a new floating inductance simulator circuit is presented. The proposed structure consists of only one grounded capacitor without any external resistors and two different active elements. The active elements are dual-output current-controlled current conveyor (DO-CCCII) and operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The proposed inductance simulator can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the DO-CCCIIs or by changing the current of the OTA. Moreover, the circuit does not require any conditions of component matching. It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to tracking errors. As an application, the proposed inductance simulator is used to construct a fourth-order resistively terminated LC band-pass filter. The theoretical analysis is verified by the SPICE simulation results.

A Modified CFOA and Its Applications to Simulated Inductors, Capacitance Multipliers, and Analog Filters

In this paper, using a minimum number of passive components, i.e., new grounded and floating inductance simulators, grounded capacitance multipliers, and frequency-dependent negative resistors (FDNRs) based on one/two modified current-feedback operational amplifiers (MCFOAs), are proposed. The type of the simulators depends on the passive element selection used in the structure of the circuit without requiring critical active and passive component-matching conditions and/or cancellation constraints. In order to show the flexibility of the proposed MCFOA, a single-input three-output (SITO) voltage-mode (VM) filter, two three-input single-output (TISO) VM filters, and an SITO current-mode (CM) filter employing a single MCFOA are reported. The layout of the proposed MCFOA is also given. A number of simulations using the SPICE program and some experimental tests are performed to exhibit the performance of the introduced structures.

Realization of tunable active floating inductance simulators

In this paper, new topologies for realizing lossless and lossy floating inductors using current controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) and single capacitor are presented. The proposed inductance simulators can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing currents of the active elements. The proposed lossless floating inductance simulator is used to construct a fifth-order low-pass filter. The frequency response of the simulated and ideal filter is compared using the SPICE simulation program. Moreover, the lossless floating inductor is used to construct a second-order voltage-mode band-pass filter practically. The ideal simulated and experimental responses of the band-pass filter are included.

CMOS current-controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier and applications to analog signal processing

This article presents design of a basic current-mode building block for analog signal processing, named as current-controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier (CCCDTA). Its parasitic resistances at two current input ports can be controlled by an input bias current. Owing to working in current-mode of all terminals, it is very suitable to use in a current-mode signal processing, which is continually more popular than a voltage one. The proposed element is realized in a CMOS technology and is examined the performance through PSPICE simulations. They display usability of the new active element, where the maximum bandwidth is 311 MHz. The CMOS CCCDTA performs low power consumption and tuning over a wide current range. In addition, some examples as a current-mode universal biquad filter, floating inductance simulator and quadrature oscillator are included. They occupy only single CCCDTA.

CCII-Based Grounded to Floating Immittance Converter and a Floating Inductance Simulator

A new circuit employing second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs), and unmatched resistors for converting a grounded immittance to the corresponding floating immittance with either positive or ne...