Flip Book Research Articles

Paramedic Electrocardiogram and Rhythm Identification: A Convenient Training Device

A common reason for utilizing local paramedics and the emergency medical services is for the recognition and immediate treatment of chest pain, a complaint that has multiple possible etiologies. While many of those complaining of disease processes responsible for chest pain are benign, some will be life-threatening and will require immediate identification and treatment. The ability of paramedics to not only perform field electrocardiograms (ECGs), but to accurately diagnose various unstable cardiac rhythms has shown significant reduction in time to specific treatments. Increasing the overall accuracy of ECG interpretation by paramedics has the potential to facilitate early and appropriate treatment and decrease patient morbidity and mortality. A convenient training device (flip book) on ambulances and in common areas in the fire station could improve field interpretation of certain cardiac rhythms. This training device consists of illustrated sample ECG tracings and their associated diagnostic criteria. The goal was to enhance the recognition and interpretation of ECGs, and thereby, reduce delays in the initiation of treatment and potential complications associated with misinterpretation.This study was a prospective, observational study using a matched pre-test/post-test design. The study period was from November 2008 to December 2008. A total of 136 paramedics were approached to participate in this study. A pre-test consisting of 15 12-lead ECGs was given to all paramedics who agreed to participate in the study. Once the pre-tests were completed, the flip books were placed in common areas. Approximately one month after the flip books were made available to the paramedics, a post-test was administered.Statistical comparisons were made between the pre- and post-test scores for both the global test and each type of rhythm. Using these data, there were no statistically significant improvements in the global ECG interpretation or on individual rhythm interpretations. A flip book with multiple ECG rhythms and definitions without the benefit of any outside support was not effective in improving paramedic identification of ECG rhythms on a post-test. Suggestions for further research include repeating the study with a larger sample size; utilizing a lecturer to explain how to use the flip book in the most efficient manner; reiterating how to read and interpret ECGs; and answering questions. Comparing test scores of paramedic students, and newly certified paramedics as opposed to veteran paramedics also may indicate that the flip books are more suited for one group over another.

The Depiction of 9/11 in Literature

The 9/11 terrorist attack on the United States has become one of the most represented disasters in history since it produced an unprecedented visual impact on those around the world who watched the second plane crash into the South Tower live on television. In an atmosphere in which reality resembled fiction, fiction was initially rejected as a suitable means for understanding and relating to the enormity of the events because it apparently had nothing to offer that journalism and the news could not provide. Ten years later, these initial misgivings have been overcome and 9/11 fiction has become a genre in itself. This essay explores the use of newspaper articles, radio transcripts, phone messages, e-mails, and interviews with eyewitnesses in Frédéric Beigbeder's Windows on the World (2004); the use of moving images—a flip book—and other visuals inserted in Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (2005); and the references to well-known photographs of 9/11 in Don DeLillo's Falling Man (2007). These authors do not ignore the mediated nature of 9/11 but display it through the incorporation of other media in their fiction, which renders their representation of the trauma more effective.

The Blow Book, Performance Magic, and Early Animation: Mediating the Living Dead

This article explores the history of early animation and modern magic in light of discourses on the cinema’s capacities for bringing inanimate objects (including the still photograph) to life. The cinema’s early encounter with a metamorphic magic book known as a blow book, which is constructed like a flip book without sequential imagery, will be considered in order to specify the terms of one form of animation and its structures of illusion and belief. The principles of modern magic will also be addressed to explain the significance of a number of trick films that featured the blow book directly as a means of demonstrating the animating ‘powers’ of the cinema. This analysis will challenge the use of animation as an umbrella concept within cinema and media studies, and provide a basis for beginning to think through the return of new media studies to 19th-century magic as a model for understanding digital illusions.

Internet Resources for Historical Research in Music Education

The amount of primary source material available on the Internet has increased a great deal in the past few years. While the need to roll up our sleeves and dig through dusty files and boxes will (hopefully) never disappear, the World Wide Web can be a useful tool in locating sources that may have otherwise gone undiscovered. The following list provides several web sites and databases I have found useful while conducting historical research in music education. If you know of others, please contact me at pmh3@calvin.edu and JRHME will publish them in a future edition. Happy hunting! Google Book Search http://books.google.com/ This search engine finds books that have been scanned and made available on the Internet. One can, for example, find PDF files of Lowell Mason's Song Garden (bk. 2), the Progressive Music Series, Tuft's and Holt's Normal Music Course, Jepson's Standard Music Reader, and Luther Whiting Mason's National Music Course. Internet Archive http://www.archive.org This site searches digitized material on the Internet. Many sources can be viewed as PDF, HTML, or in flip book format. Examples include volumes of proceedings by the National Education Association and an audio file from the Siegel-Myers School of Music. Mirlyn Catalog at the University of Michigan Library http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/F/?func=file&file_name=find-b This search engine identifies a number of digital sources available without a password from the University of Michigan or outside sources. Search results often link back to Google Books or other Internet-based sites, but is sometimes more thorough and organized than the original source. A link to the Hathi Trust Digital Library, for example, located School Music Monthly, published by P. C. Hayden, in digitized format from 1900-1908. Library of Congress Digital Collections www.loc.gov The digital collections offered by the Library of Congress allow historical researchers to view primary source materials in the form of sheet music, audio files, and photographs. Band historians will especially enjoy collections devoted to African American band composers, Civil War band music, and J. P. Sousa. Each of these collections offers complete sets of parts to a number of band and orchestra compositions from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Band Music PDF Library http://www.bandmusicpdf.org/ The Band Music PDF Library offers more than 400 public domain titles from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for free download. This music may be used for performing, research, or as authentic material for arrangers to set for modern bands. Users are encouraged to create and submit full scores and transposed [D.sup.b] piccolo and [E.sup.b] horn parts for modern instruments. When available, biographical information on composers and arrangers is included with the set of parts. New titles are added each month. The Making of America http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moagrp/ This database is a digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction. The collection is particularly strong in the subject areas of education, psychology, American history, sociology, religion, and science and technology. The collection currently contains approximately 10,000 books and 50,000 journal articles. International Music Score Library Project/Petrucci Music Library http://imslp. …

Materials for Zebrafish Research Outreach Activities in National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

To promote application of the fruits of zebrafish research, we need to cultivate understanding of the use of zebrafish not only in the research community but also among the general public. On Open Days at our institute, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), our zebrafish group exhibits our research activity to the public. I explain here how we enable visitors to observe zebrafish embryogenesis under stereomicroscopes. Two kinds of materials handed out to participants are introduced and included: a zebrafish embryogenesis flip book and a mini guide to zebrafish. These materials serve as tools for our outreach activity and to promote further understanding of zebrafish research.

The Effect of Community-Based Health Education Intervention on Management of Menstrual Hygiene among Rural Indian Adolescent Girls

To study the effect of a community-based health education intervention on awareness and behaviour change of rural adolescent girls regarding their management of menstrual hygiene. A participatory-action study was undertaken in Primary Health Centres in 23 villages in Anji, in the Wardha district of Maharashtra state. Study subjects were unmarried rural adolescent girls (12-19 years). We conducted a needs assessment for health messages with this target audience, using a triangulated research design of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (focus group discussions) methods. Program for Appropriate Technology for Health (PATH) guidelines were used to develop a pre-tested, handmade flip book containing needs-based key messages about the management of menstrual hygiene. The messages were delivered at monthly meetings of village-based groups of adolescent girls, called Kishori Panchayat. After 3 years, the effect of the messages was assessed using a combination of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (trend analysis) methods. After 3 years, significantly more adolescent girls (55%) were aware of menstruation before its initiation compared with baseline (35%). The practice of using ready-made pads increased significantly from 5% to 25% and reuse of cloth declined from 85% to 57%. The trend analysis showed that adolescent girls perceived a positive change in their behaviour and level of awareness. The present community health education intervention strategy could bring significant changes in the awareness and behaviour of rural adolescent girls regarding management of their menstrual hygiene.

Three-way Stabilization of the Covalent Intermediate in Amylomaltase, an α-Amylase-like Transglycosylase

Amylomaltases are glycosyl hydrolases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 77 that are capable of the synthesis of large cyclic glucans and the disproportionation of oligosaccharides. Using protein crystallography, we have generated a flip book movie of the amylomaltase catalytic cycle in atomic detail. The structures include a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate and a covalent intermediate in complex with an analogue of a co-substrate and show how the structures of both enzyme and substrate respond to the changes required by the catalytic cycle as it proceeds. Notably, the catalytic nucleophile changes conformation dramatically during the reaction. Also, Gln-256 on the 250s loop is involved in orienting the substrate in the +1 site. The absence of a suitable base in the covalent intermediate structure explains the low hydrolysis activity.

Caveat Emptor

Recent distressed transactions have shown investors how reality can overwhelm appearance in the triple-A, asset-backed securities market. What the investor doesn9t find between the covers of a thick prospectus, NRSRO pre-sale report, or glossy road-show flip book can make the difference between a good and bad investment. Lawyers have limited analytically useful information in prospectuses to minimize their liability for errors. Securities laws prevent investors from retaining copies of road-show flip books that contain valuable information. Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) makes issuers less likely to answer questions if the answer cannot be distributed to all investors simultaneously. Because new-issue ratings are more profitable for NRSROs, those agencies spend less time monitoring previously issued triple-As. NRSROs give insufficient explanation of how they assess unquantifiable factors that are subject to judgment calls. Investors have had to learn the difference between an issuer9s or enhancer9s capability and willingness to make principal payments.

Animating Reactions: A Low-Cost Activity for Particle Conceptualization at the Secondary Level

This article describes a low-cost activity designed to help students at the secondary level visualize both the kinetic and the stoichiometric nature of chemical reactions at the particle level. Directions are given for constructing animations using the visual medium commonly known as a flip book.

Gone Fishing! Scientists Use Mutant Zebra Fish to Learn How Vertebrate Embryos Develop

M ark C. Fishman has recently netted mutant fish so strange he has trouble believing they even exist. Take the doomed animal whose blood cells literally fell to pieces when he exposed the fish to light. red blood cells became fluorescent and popped. You could watch the cells explode. It was really rather gorgeous, says Fishman, head of cardiovascular research at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston. The researcher didn't reel in this hapless mutant from the polluted waters of Boston's Charles River. Like scores of other bizarre fish, it was caught in Fishman's laboratory. The mutants are zebra fish, or Danio rerio, and they are the rage among developmental biologists, who study the seemingly miraculous process in which a fertilized egg cell becomes a multicellular adult organism. Using radiation, chemicals, or viruses, these investigators deliberately trigger mutations in zebra fish in hopes of identifying the genetic repertoire employed by a developing vertebrate embryo. The fledgling field of zebra fish research hit a landmark this month with the publication of a special issue of DEVELOPMENT. In more than 3 dozen articles, researchers describe hundreds of mutant fish produced at MGH and at a laboratory in Tiubingen, Germany. It's the largest collection of mutations affecting embryogenesis that exists for any vertebrate, says Wolfgang Driever, who organized the MGH mutant hunt and is now setting up his own zebra fish laboratory in Freiburg, Germany. The journal celebrates its special issue with a bit of whimsy. The upper corners of the right-hand pages hold a series of 230 digitized images chronicling the development of a zebra fish embryo from its two-celled stage. If thumb quickly through the pages, you can actually see cells dividing, says Donald A. Kane of the University of Oregon in Eugene, who worked on the flip book feature. It's an incredibly fun time now to work with zebra fish. It must have been like this with flies many years ago. Kane's remark about flies refers to the extraordinary success developmental biologists have had with Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly Last year, for example, a Nobel prize honored three researchers who in the 1970s studied mutant fruit flies in which embryogenesis has gone awry (SN: 10/14/95, p. 246). While biologists have been startled to learn that many of the genes that guide insect embryogenesis perform similar tasks in vertebrates, there's only so much fruit flies can tell them. Consequently, scientists have longed for a vertebrate whose development is as easy to study. The South African frog Xenopus laevis, whose embryo is quite large and easily manipulated, has been a leading con-

Structurally equivalent stories in movie and text and the effect of the medium on recall

A technique was devised for constructing a text story which subjects agreed matched the dialogueless movie The Red Balloon in episodic structure. It relied partly on subjects judging where episodes and their components—exposition, complication, and resolution—were located in the stories. Text judgments were made using copies of the text; movie judgments utilized a 588-photo flip book made from movie frames. The stories were structurally equivalent: they each contained 14 episodes, and subjects agreed that structural boundaries in one story mapped to precise locations in the other story. In cued recall, with medium (movie versus text) and delay (zero versus 7-day) as variables, recall of structural statements was very similar in both media but deteriorated faster for text subjects. Differences in content in movie and text recall protocols were discussed in terms of several factors, including differential world knowledge influence.

A continental drift ‘flip book’

A continental drift ‘flip book’