THIS paper records a method of making fire, previously unrecorded in Australia, by the percussion technique of striking stones together. Most of the observations were carried out during various expeditions made under the aegis of the Board for Anthropological Research of the Adelaide University. One of the authors (C.P.M.) first noted the possible existence of a percussion method of firemaking in 1937, when an old man of the Adnjamatana tribe of the northern Flinders Ranges, recounting the legend of the Eagle-hawk and Crow, mentioned that the former lit a fire to burn the latter by striking two stones together. At the time it was thought that the native was referring to the European method of making fire by flint, steel, and tinder. However, observations made on subsequent visits to the same tribe convinced the author that the method was indigenous. Since then, enquiries have been made among other tribes by both writers. These indicate that the technique has a wide distribution in South Australia. The following observations deal with the Adnjamatana tribe of the northern Flinders,2 the Dieri of the Lake Eyre region, the Ngadjuri who inhabited the southern Flinders, the Anta'kirinja who have spread into the Great Victoria Desert, the Jaralde of the Lower Murray, and the Ramindjeri of Encounter Bay. The last two tribes belong to the Narrinjeri group of tribes. (a) Adnjamatana Tribe. In this tribe, a piece of flint was grasped in the left hand and a pad of finely shredded bark of the native pine (Callitris glauca), held on top with the thumb (text-figure, A). A piece of ironstone was used to strike glancing blows which caused sparks to fly on and ignite the shredded bark. The native said that ironstone possessed more fire than any other stone. The informants had little first-hand knowledge of this method of making fire, the fire-drill being in general use. However, all the older men had seen their fathers make fire with flint and ironstone, but said that when only pine bark was available as a tinder firemaking was difficult. When the Europeans taught them how to make tinder from cloth, fire was obtained much more easily. As mentioned previously, references to making fire by the impact of two stones occurs in the Eagle-hawk and Crow legend of Mount Serle. (b) Dieri Tribe. Mr. T. Vogelsang, who spent a great portion of his life among the Dieri and is conversant with both the language and culture, gave the following