Flight Research Articles

Evaluation of directional ground stability and control characteristics in crosswind landing for civil airplane based on digital virtual flight

Evaluation of directional ground stability and control characteristics in crosswind landing for civil airplane based on digital virtual flight

Monitoring in real time the changes in VOCS emission in sunflower and extra virgin olive oil upon heating by PTR-TOF-MS

In this work the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) upon the heating process of an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and a high oleic sunflower oil (SFO) was evaluated in real time by spectrometry. Two tests were carried out, in the first VOCs emitted from both kinds of oil were measured at room temperatures (not heated, NH) and at 180°C; in the second test, VOCs emission for selected masses were monitored under increasing temperatures over time: at room temperature not heated oils (NH), 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180°C, respectively. The spectra were acquired using a Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). The total VOCs emission increased at 180°C, determined both by the rise of the amount of compounds present in the NH samples and by the formation of new masses generated by oxidative chemical reaction from triglycerides and fatty acids. From the set of results it is evident that a good control of the temperatures can be useful in reducing the quantities of masses potentially harmful to health in human food.

B4 Flight

Abstract

Alterations in the Spectrum of Spontaneous Rifampicin-Resistance Mutations in the Bacillus subtilis rpoB Gene after Cultivation in the Human Spaceflight Environment.

The effect of Bacillus subtilis exposure to the human spaceflight environment on growth, mutagenic frequency, and spectrum of mutations to rifampicin resistance (RifR) was investigated. B. subtilis cells were cultivated in Biological Research in Canister-Petri Dish Fixation Units (BRIC-PDFUs) on two separate missions to the International Space Station (ISS), dubbed BRIC-18 and BRIC-21, with matching asynchronous ground controls. No statistically significant difference in either growth or in the frequency of mutation to RifR was found in either experiment. However, nucleotide sequencing of the RifR regions of the rpoB gene from RifR mutants revealed dramatic differences in the spectrum of mutations between flight (FL) and ground control (GC) samples, including two newly discovered rpoB alleles in the FL samples (Q137R and L489S). The results strengthen the idea that exposure to the human spaceflight environment causes unique stresses on bacteria, leading to alterations in their mutagenic potential.

Identification and classification of non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry

Objective Reference standard of the RPOB (rifampin resistance) gene recommended by CLSI-MM18A (Interpretive Criteria for Identification of Bacteria and Fungi by DNA Target Sequencing) was used to evaluate the ability of MALDI-TOFMS techniques for the identification and classification of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium. Methods Fifty five clinicalstrains were collected from 2012 to 2016 with different sources. The RPOB gene was sequenced, and results were applied to phylogenetics analysis. MALDI-TOF MS technology was implemented to identify the strains, and cluster analysis was conducted based on protein fingerprint. The consistency of two methods for NTM identification and typing was evaluated. Results The RPOB gene method showed a good ability of identification (similarity>99.0%) and subtyping (to subspeciesof the complex level). The French BioMerieux MALDI-TOF MS identified 89.1% of 55 strains to genus level and 78.2% to species level. The phylogeneticsanalysis of protein fingerprint by SARAMS Premium software also showed good typing ability. Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS technology can identify and classify non-tuberculous Mycobacterium effectively, which is rapid and easy. It is complementary to RPOB gene method in laboratory application. (Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 109-115) Key words: Nontuberculous mycobacteria; Spectrometry, mass, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization; Rifampin; Drug resistance, bacterial; Cluster analysis

Flight.

Flight.

Nonlinear robust control method for maneuver flight of flying wing UAV

Nonlinear robust control method for maneuver flight of flying wing UAV

Affective disorders in Iraq.

A retrospective study of clinical features of 98 Iraqi patients suffering from affective disorders of various degrees was presented. The incidence of various symptoms and signs was rated on a two-point scale. Certain demographic data were also collected. Ideally, to draw valid conclusions from these data they should be compared to data derived from an identical sample of patients in a western society; however, as such a study with a control western population is not known to the author, the conclusions that are made here are based solely on clinical judgement. Essentially, there are a few select areas where affective disorders in Iraq seem to differ from the same group in England. There appears to be a lesser incidence of ideas of unworthiness even in the more severely depressed patients. The same can be said about suicidal thoughts and attempts. The affect does not seem to follow the classical western descriptions of this illness. In depression, patients do not feel nor show the sadness of western depressed patients, and in mania they lack the infective joyous mood. Depression is conspicuously coloured by physical symptomatology and hysterical behaviour. Paranoid thinking and projection of responsibility in depression are not uncommon. Mania, on the other hand, is more often characterized by aggression and anti-social behaviour than in the West. These differences, in the author's opinion, can only be explained by recourse to the differences in personality structure as moulded by cultural influences and child rearing. The disorder in affective illness is seen as a manifestation of a defence mechanism that has gone too far. It is an emotional equivalent to the instincts of fight or flight in the animal kingdom, but complicated and exalted by the presence of such faculties as the mind, the affect and the other higher acquisitions of man in his evolution.

Association of biliverdin reductase A gene polymorphisms with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia from Fujian area

Objective To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia from Fujian area. Methods A total of 286 patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and 250 healthy controls were enrolled.Genotypes of 5 SNPs within BLVRA gene including rs699512, rs1802846, rs7738, rs1637530 and rs2302032 were determined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometer.The frequencies of genotype, allele, haplotype and their differentiations were analyzed. Results All 5 SNPs had conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (all P>0.05). rs699512 and rs1637530 showed a significant difference between the 2 groups in both allelic and genotypic frequencies(all P 0.05). In recessive model, the frequency of rs699512 GG genotype of patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group(OR=0.494, 95%CI: 0.276-0.886, P=0.018), while in dominant model, the frequencies of rs699512 GG+ AG and rs1637530 TT+ CT genotype of patients were significantly lower than that of the healthy control group(OR=0.678, 0.627; 95%CI: 0.482-0.954, 0.444-0.885; P=0.026, 0.008). Based on linkage disequilibrium analysis and haplotype construction, rs1637530, rs2302032, rs699512 and rs1802846 locus in the same area.Based on haplotype CGAT, TGGT, CTAT and CGGT had significant differences between the 2 groups(all P<0.05), and could reduce the risk of high blood bilirubin(OR=0.588, 0.687, 0.501; 95%CI: 0.434-0.797, 0.496-0.952, 0.250-1.004). Conclusions rs699512 and rs1637530 may be associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, A allele in rs699512 and C allele in rs1637530 may be associated with significantly increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Key words: Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, newborn; Biliverdin reductase A gene; Single nucleotide polymorphism

Environmental and Economic Model of an Aircraft Accident Evaluation

Advantages of air transportation in the transport system of Russia are emphasized. An analysis of the environmental consequences of negative aircraft accidents with civil aviation aircrafts against the background of trends of the changing volume of air transportation is presented. It is shown that Russian civil aviation is described by a significant growth in traffic volumes with a slight deterioration in flight safety indicators today. It is alleged that the trend of significant growth in the volume of works is expected to continue in the future. With the obvious relevance of measures to improve flight safety, a need to significantly improve the environmental protection activities in the territory of the aircraft accident site is stated. Classification of the consequences as direct and indirect is proposed, as well as a model of the dynamics of negative impact factors. It is proposed to carry out the analysis of environmental consequences taking into consideration the theories of physical, chemical and geotechnical systems. Aircraft accidents are accompanied by the following activities: works on investigation of the causes and circumstances of the incident; works on the search and rescue of an aircraft in distress; works on rectification of the consequences, and others. It is proposed to determine the magnitude of the total damage from pollution as the size of a complex index of environmental impact, which takes the chemical, physical, biological and information components into consideration. It is found that decline in the volume of environmental costs can be achieved through carrying out the proposed preventive adjustments, which exclude the negative development of the situation to the forced critical adjustments. A methodology for calculating the necessary preventive adjustments is proposed and justified.

Effect of neurectomy versus ilioinguinal nerve preservation in the Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty of inguinal hernia

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect iveness of ilioinguinal neurectomy on postoperative pain in the Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty of inguinal hernia. Background Chronic pain following tension-free inguinal hernioplasty is a significant clinical problem that can interfere with normal daily activities. Moreover, the condition can sometimes be debilitating, and treatment is often difficult and challenging. Contrary to the previous belief, division of the ilioinguinal nerve prophylactically during mesh repair has been practiced to reduce the incidence and intensity of persistent postoperative pain after hernia repair. Patients and methods Between April 2015 and October 2016, this prospective, randomized, controlled study included 40 male patients above 18 years of age with unilateral inguinal hernia who were undergoing the Lichtenstein hernia repair. Patients were randomized into two groups – the ilioinguinal neurectomy group and the ilioinguinal nerve preservation group. Twenty patients were included in each group. Patients were followed-up for inguinal postoperative pain at 1 and 6 months using a four-point categorical scale. Groin numbness was also assessed at 1 and 6 months using a self-administered questionnaire. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to postoperative pain after 1 and 6 months at rest; however, after coughing 10 times, walking up three flights of stairs, and cycling for 10 min, there were statistically significant differences – postoperative pain in group A was 5% and in group B 30% (P Conclusion Ilioinguinal neurectomy should be considered a routine surgical step during the Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty.

Exposure by nesting material? – Investigation of potentially suitable methods for higher tier studies with solitary bees

The registration processes and risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs) on bees resulted in an increasing need for experiments with non-apis pollinators to assess potential side effects of PPPs on this relatively new group of test organisms. Recently, numerous studies have been performed but there is still a wide range of ongoing challenges. One of the challenges is the risk from insecticide exposure to solitary bees (especially at larval stages) by contaminated nesting material (e.g. mud partitions – mason bees). In 2017, an experiment was performed with the horn-faced mason bee Osmia cornuta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) under modified field conditions. The aim of the experiment was to develop a suitable test method for higher tier risk assessments with solitary wild bees exposed to treated nesting material. The potential effect of an insect growth regulator (IGR) to bees and their brood was examined. The reproduction capacity and brood termination rate were observed in the study as endpoints. Furthermore, hatching success and flight activity were recorded as additional information at several occasions.The present results provide no evidence that the exposure has an effect on the development during the larval stages of Osmia cornuta, neither in pollen mass nor in the nesting material.

Accuracy Analysis of Cadastral Control Point and Parcel Boundary Point by Flight Altitude Using UAV

Accuracy Analysis of Cadastral Control Point and Parcel Boundary Point by Flight Altitude Using UAV

A Study on the Flight Vibration Specification of High Speed Vehicle using Response Analysis

A Study on the Flight Vibration Specification of High Speed Vehicle using Response Analysis

Sustainable production of renewable aviation fuel through intensification strategies

In the transportation industry, aviation is one of the most dynamic sectors. The forecast indicates that aviation will grow at 4.8% until 2036, which implies that fuel requirements will double along with CO2 emissions. Therefore, the sustainable development of aviation sector faces great challenges and relies on a four-pillar strategy, which includes increasing engine efficiency, optimization of flight trajectories, and alternative fuels. Renewable jet fuel, also known as biojet fuel, consists of hydrocarbons in the range of boiling point of fossil jet fuel, C8-C16, obtained from the biomass processing. There are different pathways to produce biojet fuel, being the hydroprocessing of triglyceride feedstock one of the most reliable and advanced. The hydrotreating process consists of three main steps: hydrodeoxygenation, cracking and isomerizing, and finally purification; also, it allows obtaining biojet fuel with the required properties from different renewable oils. Nevertheless, it has several opportunity areas to decrease energy consumption and environmental impact.Therefore, in this work an analysis of hydrotreating processes to produce biojet fuel is presented in terms of energy consumption, total annual costs, and CO2 emissions. Different renewable raw materials of high productive potential in Mexico are considered; along with the implementation of process intensification strategies for the separation train. Results show that the use of thermally coupled distillation sequences allows designing sustainable processes for the production of biojet fuel economically competitive with fossil jet fuel.

Right to the Source: An Early Attempt At Flight

Right to the Source: An Early Attempt At Flight

A Development of One-dimensional Thermal Analysis Tool for Flight Vehicle with Cork Insulation

A Development of One-dimensional Thermal Analysis Tool for Flight Vehicle with Cork Insulation

Noise Analysis and Countermeasures of Training Aircraft(C172) According to Flight Course

Noise Analysis and Countermeasures of Training Aircraft(C172) According to Flight Course

Honey bee nectar foragers feeding themselves and the colony: a review in support of dietary exposure assessment

Quantitative knowledge regarding the foods collected and ingested by nectar foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera) is essential for accurately assessing risk associated with pesticide residues in their diet. Although a very large and diverse body of research is available covering many years of research in the literature, much of this research was designed for purposes other than risk assessment and the accumulated knowledge has not been comprehensively reviewed and consolidated from the viewpoint of pesticide risk assessment. Accordingly, in the interest of advancing all tiers of pollinator risk assessment, and identifying data gaps, we strove to gather, assess, and summarize quantitative data relating to nectar forager collection, consumption and sharing of nectar within the colony. Data pertaining to nectar forager provisioning before foraging flights, quantities of nectar brought back to the hive, frequency and duration of foraging trips and energetics was reviewed. Recommendations for future research in support of refined honey bee risk assessment will be discussed.

A Study on the Maximum Target Distance Using a Flight Simulator of Glide-Type Ammunition

A Study on the Maximum Target Distance Using a Flight Simulator of Glide-Type Ammunition