A glider is a special type of aircraft without a power unit, which relies on the lift of airflow to resist weight. The characteristics of a glider are essential to its flight performance, which includes aspect ratio, sweepback, and taper ratio. Proper design of the wing shape can help achieve good performance, so research on these elements can be helpful. This paper aims to calculate the relationship between the aspect ratio and lift-drag coefficient which affects the performance of gliders. By calculation, this paper found out that high aspect ratio aircraft could generate more lift force and was optimum in designing gliders. Then an experiment with a paper plane was designed to show the impact of aspect ratio on glider performance. Then a paper airplane experiment was designed, and the changes in different aspect ratios were achieved by reshaping the wings of the paper airplane, while flight performance was estimated by the lift drag coefficient and descent angle of the glider. After data collection, calculation and analysis, different flight routes were recorded, and based on this, the lift drag coefficient and descent angle were calculated. The experimental results indicate that aspect ratio is one but not the only factor affecting the flight performance of gliders. Through theoretical analysis and experiments, this study verifies the basic mechanism of the influence of wing shape, especially aspect ratio, on glider flight, providing new ideas for improving glider performance.