Flexural Strength Characteristics Research Articles

Comparative Study On Mechanical Behaviour Of Synthetic, Natural And Hybrid Composite Laminates

Composites play a significant role as an engineering material and their use has been increasing day by day due to their specific properties such as high strength to weight ratios, high modulus to weight ratio, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. In composite material matrix and fiber play an important role; as the load is taken by matrix and transmitted to the reinforcement. Reinforcement can be either synthetic or natural fiber. Manufacturing of synthetic fibers is harmful from the environmental point of view; hence recent research work is focused on the use of natural fiber as reinforcement. In this current work jute as natural fiber taken into account for reinforcement along with synthetic glass fiber along with LY556 Epoxy resin and HY951 hardener. Three types of composites materials were prepared such as Glass-Epoxy unidirectional, Jute-Epoxy, Glass & Jute Epoxy hybrid composite laminates had been prepared using hand lay-up process and the testing was done by using ASTM Standards. The major properties that govern the strength of composites materials are tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and vibration characteristics. The content of natural and synthetic reinforcement was found to be 60% and 40% respectively. The experimental results show that the Glass & jute Epoxy composites give the major withstanding capacity for tension and flexural test. Vibration test exhibits higher natural frequency, but in compression test Glass epoxy reflects its higher mechanical strength, whereas in compression test delamination occurs. The additional use of jute with glass reduces the cost and thus it is eco-friendly.

Flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of stereolithography additive manufactured versus milled zirconia

Statement of problemZirconia restorations can be processed by using stereolithography additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. However, whether additive manufactured zirconia could achieve flexural strength values comparable with those of milled zirconia is unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of milled and additive manufactured zirconia. Material and methodsA total of 40 zirconia bars (25×4×1.2 mm) were obtained by using 2 manufacturing procedures, subtractive (CNC group) (IPS e.max ZirCAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG) and additive manufacturing (AM group) (3DMix ZrO2; 3DCeram) technologies and assigned to 2 subgroups according to accelerating artificial aging procedures (mastication simulation): nonaged and aged (n=10). Flexural strength was measured in all specimens by using 3-point bend tests according to ISO/CD 6872.2 with a universal testing machine (Instron Model 8501; Instron Corp). Two-parameter Weibull distribution values, including the Weibull modulus, scale (m), and shape (0) were calculated. Flexural strength values were analyzed by using 2-way ANOVA and Student t statistical tests (α=.05). ResultsThe manufacturing procedure (P<.001), the mastication simulating aging procedure (P<.001), and the interaction between them (P<.001) significantly affected flexural strength values. The CNC group exhibited statistically higher flexural strength values than those in the AM group when the specimens were tested before performing an aging procedure (P<.001) and after mastication simulation (P<.001). Moreover, mastication simulation produced a significant reduction in flexural strength for both the CNC group (P<.039) and the AM group (P<.001). ConclusionsThe manufacturing process reported a significant effect on the flexural strength of the zirconia material tested. Mastication simulation as a means of accelerating artificial aging resulted in the significantly decreased flexural strength values of milled and additively manufactured zirconia material, with the Weibull moduli being significantly higher for the milled groups versus the milled specimens.

Biaxial flexural strength and Weilbull characteristics of adhesively luted hybrid and reinforced CAD/CAM materials to dentin: effect of self-etching ceramic primer versus hydrofluoric acid etching

This study evaluated the influence of the surface treatment and aging on the biaxial flexural strength of ceramic materials cemented to a dentin analogue. One hundred twenty disc-shaped specimens were allocated into 12 groups considering three study factors: ceramic material (lithium disilicate, leucite-based ceramic and hybrid ceramic), surface treatment (10% hydrofluoric acid etching + silane or self-etching glass-ceramic primer) and Aging (with 10,000 thermocycles of 5–37–55 °C or without). A tri-layer assembly was designed to mimic a cemented restoration (Variolink N) into a dentin analogue. All samples were submitted to the biaxial flexural strength assay. The flexural strength in MPa was calculated using the finite element method for each sample considering thickness, material properties, and the load to fracture during the in vitro test. Fractographic analysis was also performed. The data was evaluated using three-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 5%). ANOVA showed influence for the Material*Treatment*Aging interaction on the flexural strength (p = 0.011). The highest strength was calculated for lithium disilicate ceramic + self-etching ceramic primer without aging (499 ± 17 MPa)A and the lowest value for hybrid ceramic material + acid etching with aging (424 ± 48 MPa)E. According to the Weibull modulus, the most predictable strength was calculated for lithium disilicate + acid etching after aging. Acid etching or self-etching ceramic primer promotes similar immediate biaxial flexural strength for each evaluated ceramic. In the long-term, superior strength was observed using acid etching for lithium disilicate and the self-etching ceramic primer for the hybrid ceramic while no difference was observed for leucite-based ceramic. Clinical implications: Some protocols combining the CAD/CAM ceramic material and the surface treatment could present suitable and stable flexural strength.

Effect of glazing application side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of a Y-TZP ceramic

Glaze application on monolithic zirconia (Y-TZP) can be a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties of this material. Objective Our study evaluated the effect of glazing side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of a Y-TZP.Methodology Eighty sintered Y-TZP discs (Ø:12 mm; thickness: 1.2 mm - ISO 6872) were produced and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), according to the factors “glazing side” (control – no glazing; GT – glaze on tensile side; GC – glaze on compression side; GTC – glaze on both sides) and “mechanical aging” (non-aged and aged, A – mechanical cycling: 1.2×106, 84 N, 3 Hz, under water at 37°C). Specimens were subjected to BFS test (1 mm/min; 1,000 Kgf load cell) and fractured surfaces were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM. Hsueh’s rigorous solutions were used to estimate the stress at failure of glazed specimens. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test (5%), and Weibull analysis were performed.Results The “glazing side”, “mechanical aging” and the interaction of the factors were significant (p<0.05). Groups GC (1157.9±146.9 MPa), GT (1156.1±195.3 MPa), GTC (986.0±187.4 MPa) and GTC-A (1131.9±128.9 MPa) presented higher BFS than control groups (Tukey, 5%). Hsueh’s rigorous solutions showed that the maximum tensile stress was presented in the bottom of zirconia layer, at the zirconia/glaze interface. Weibull characteristic strength (σo) of the GC was higher than all groups (p<0.05), except to GT, GTC-A and GTC, which were similar among them. The fractography showed initiation of failures from zirconia the tensile side regardless of the side of glaze application and fatigue.Conclusion Glazing zirconia applied on both tensile and compression sides improves the flexural strength of Y-TZP, regardless the mechanical aging.

Reactive Powder Concrete with Composite Fibres

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a composite material characterised with high strength and durability. Reactive powder concrete is a type of concrete which is made without coarse aggregate, contains cement, river sand, micro silica, super plasticizer and composite fibres with low water cement ratio. RPC can attain high strength characteristics with the addition of fibres. In this project we cast Reactive Powder Concrete specimens of suitable mix proportions by trial and error method and tested its compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength characteristics. In order to increase the strength of RPC we have adopted hot water curing at 90°C for 24 hours. Hence, rapid hydration of cementitious materials increases the strength of RPC.

Behaviour of Slurry Infiltrated Hybrid Fiberreinforced Concrete Subjected to Acidic Attack

In the present study attempt is made to study the slurry of cement and sand in a proportion of 1:1 was prepared with a water cement ratio of 0.35 SIFCON. Fibers were placed randomly in concrete cubes. Vibration was externally applied with vibrating table after the mould is fully filled. Specimens were kept curing for 60 days in an acidic media and characteristics were studied. Compression strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, Shear strength and impact strength characteristics were studied in the present experimental investigations. It is been found that by adding fibers the characteristics of concrete are increased considerably. In this research work attempts were made to know about weight loss in slurry infiltrated hybrid fiber reinforced concrete subjected to acid attack for different combination and results here compared with respect to the monofibers and hybrid fibers. The Growth in major construction is mainly focusing on fixing problems of improving the efficiency of building industry, economy, and optimum utilization of material and power resources. Due to different property of concrete it will give a variety of new designs. Apart from its flexibility in its use it can be given any shape and other properties such as compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, stiffness etc it is best material for the construction.. To increase its tensile strength fiber are reinforced.

An experimental study of replacing conventional coarse aggregate with E-waste plastic for M40 grade concrete using river sand

Electronic waste or E-waste is considered as the most dangerous among the wastes generated in the modern digital world. Due to the unending growth of these electronic wastes the drinking waters are getting polluted and our ecosystem is getting worstly affected all around the world. The present environmental problems can be minimized to a certain extent by utilizing these electronic waste materials in the construction industry. In this paper, a detailed study is done on the utilization of E-waste plastic as coarse aggregate in M40 grade concrete with a percentage replacement of 12%, 17% and 22%. The main aim of this experimental work is to utilize the amount of discarded electrical and electronic equipments into beneficial raw materials using environmental friendly technology. As per the experimental work done we came to a conclusion that the use of E-plastic waste as a substitute for coarse aggregate resulted in the formation of light weight concrete. The research study had been carried out to understand the effects on compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength characteristics of concrete by the replacement of coarse aggregates with E-waste plastic.

Chemical degradation of dental CAD/CAM materials.

The chemical properties of the oral environment have an appreciable influence on the in vivo degradation of CAD/CAM materials. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of organic acids, heptane and ethanol (the food-simulating liquids) on CAD/CAM restorative materials. Four CAD/CAM materials were selected: (1) 3M ESPE LAVA Ultimate, (2) VITA Enamic, (3) IPS e.max CAD, (4) VITA Suprinity. Seven different samples were fabricated in 15 × 4 × 1.2 mm dimensions from each material (n = 7, N = 140). The materials were conditioned for 7 days at 37 °C as follows: artificial saliva, 75% ethanol, heptane, 0.02 N citric acid, 0.02 N lactic acid in aqueous solution and were tested to obtain flexural strength, surface micro-hardness and wear characteristics. After conditioning, the flexural strength values were assessed using a universal testing machine (1 mm/min crosshead speed) and the fractured samples were used for determination of Vickers hardness values using a digital micro-hardness tester (100 g/10 s) and determination of wear using a chewing simulator. Two factor analysis of variance with interaction model and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. The highest mechanical property values were found for IPS e.max and VITA Suprinity and the lowest values were found for LAVA Ultimate. Organic acids negatively affected the mechanical properties of e.max CAD and Suprinity. Ethanol and heptane were more effective on LAVA Ultimate and Enamic. There were significant differences among groups (p <0.05). The mechanical properties of CAD/CAM restorative materials are influenced by food-simulating liquids.

Thermal responses of concrete slabs containing microencapsulated low-transition temperature phase change materials exposed to realistic climate conditions

This study examines the effect of microencapsulated low-transition temperature phase change material (PCM) additions on the thermal response of concrete slabs subjected to long-term realistic environmental exposure. To prevent direct contact of PCM with cement hydration products and possible leakage upon liquefaction, an inert PCM was encapsulated with a melamine-formaldehyde resin via an emulsification process before being added in concrete mixtures. Temperature monitoring was performed on three 500 × 500 × 150 mm large-scale concrete slabs with and without PCM for about 14 months encompassing two cold winter seasons. Results indicated that the addition of microencapsulated PCM effectively reduced excessive temperature drop and the number of freeze-thaw cycles concrete slabs experience during winter seasons, which may lead to service life extension by up to 5.2%–35.9% based on a freeze-thaw deterioration model. In particular, the effectiveness of PCM was found to be pronounced when the ambient temperature varied around the transition temperature (mild-cold seasons) while it became insignificant under prolonged exposure to extreme climate conditions such as cold winter and summer. The result of a visual condition survey was consistent with that of the model predictions, which verified the potential benefits of low-transition temperature PCM technology in concrete applications. This study also investigated the influence of microencapsulated PCM pellet embedment on the compressive and flexural strength characteristics.

Quasi-static and dynamic flexural behavior of annealed and chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass with notch defects

Three-point bending tests on unstrengthened annealed glass (AG) and chemically strengthened glass (CSG) were conducted under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions to assess the flexural strength and failure characteristics with the help of a high-speed camera. The flexural strength of CSG was higher than AG due to residual compressive stress. At higher loading speed, the flexural strength of both AG and CSG specimens was increased and the strength dispersion was decreased. Additionally, the flexural strength of AG and CSG notched specimens were explored and results revealed that the flexural strength decreased remarkably due to stress concentration effect. However, the flexural strength of CSG specimens was still much higher than AG specimens for the same notch depth. Numerical simulation of the notched CSG specimen showed that the stress near the notch region redistributes due to the strengthened layer, making it under compression before loading. Also, fractography analysis was discussed to characterize the crack pattern and deformation mechanism.

Biaxial flexural strength and translucent characteristics of dental lithium disilicate glass ceramics with different translucencies

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength and translucent characteristics of dental lithium disilicate glass ceramics with different translucencies. MethodsTwo heat pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramics (IPS e.max Press and an experimental ceramic) and one computer aided design/ computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) with different translucencies were evaluated. Disk-shaped specimens of each group were subjected to a biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test. Translucent parameters (TP) were also tested at 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thickness, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM were used for crystalline and microstructural analysis. ResultsBFS values of two heat pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramics were significantly higher than the CAD/CAM counterpart. No difference in BFS between two heat pressed glass ceramic was found. There were significant differences in BFS and TP values among the tested subgroups with different translucencies for IPS e.max Press and IPS e.max CAD. No difference in crystalline composition was found among the tested glass ceramics, but microstructure with shorter and wider crystal was revealed for IPS e.max CAD ceramics. ConclusionsLithium disilicate glass ceramics with different translucencies demonstrated different BFS and TP values.

Polypropylene synthesis in liquid monomer with titanium–magnesium catalyst: effect of different alkoxysilanes as external donors

The effect of a set of methoxy- and ethoxysilanes as external donors (ED) on propylene polymerization in liquid monomer with the supported titanium–magnesium catalyst (TMC) and on properties of the produced polypropylene (PP) are studied. Addition of the studied donors to the polymerization system significantly increases the PP isotacticity compared to polymerization over TMC without ED (up to 92–98% vs. 66%, respectively). It is found that activity and stereospecificity of the catalytic system, as well as the molecular weight of the produced PP, decline as the number and size of alkoxy groups increase and the size (branching) of alkyl substituents decreases. Bulky substituents in alkoxysilanes have a positive effect on activity and stereospecificity of TMC. However, the double bond in the substituent moiety reduces the catalyst activity. Nitrogen atom in the substituent (with the same alkoxy groups) increases isotacticity and crystallinity of PP, its flexural modulus and strength characteristics. Varying electron donors with different number and size of alkoxy groups and different substituents (aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic, amino, and vinyl) at silicon atom allows one to control the catalyst activity and isotacticity, as well as the molecular and thermal characteristics and impact strength properties of PP.

Effects of calcium leaching on the physical and mechanical properties of aerial lime-cement mortars

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the effects of chemically accelerated leaching on the physical and mechanical properties of aerial lime–cement mortars (LCMs).Design/methodology/approachTwo aerial LCMs, differencing mainly in their calcium hydroxide content, were degraded by the use of an ammonium nitrate solution as a leaching agent. The leaching effects were studied by evaluating the rate of change in physical (sorptivity and mass loss) and mechanical (flexural and compressive strength) characteristics of aerial LCMs. To quantify the evolution and kinetics of degradation, the leached depth was then characterized at different levels of degradation by means of a phenolphthalein solution.FindingsThe experimental results showed that the dissolution of binder decreases the mass, alkalinity and strength of aerial LCMs but increases their sorptivity. A linear relationship was derived by plotting the values of leached depth against the square root of immersion time in an aggressive solution. It was found that the leached depth followed diffusion-controlled kinetics.Originality/valueIt was found that the global loss of compressive strength of aerial LCMs because of complete dissolution of calcium hydroxide can reach up to 80 per cent.

Wear response of glass fiber and ceramic tile-reinforced hybrid epoxy matrix composites

This study presents the tribological behavior of epoxy matrix composites containing two different fillers. The composites contain fillers with different particle sizes (< 90 µm and in the range of 150–300 µm) and different wall tile to glass fiber waste ratios (55:5, 50:10 and 40:20). The total amount of filler was fixed to 60 wt% in all of the composites to reveal the effect of variations in filler content on properties. The physico-mechanical properties, such as bulk density, porosity, impact resistance, shore hardness, flexural strength and wear characteristics of developed materials were determined. Tribological tests were carried out by ball-on-disk configuration and rotational sliding at room temperature against 6-Co/WC ball with a diameter of 3 mm. 3N of constant test load was applied and the wear distance was kept as 400 m. The results showed that the steady-state coefficient of frictions was changed in the range 0.38–0.47 and the wear rate was obtained between 1.74 × 10−5 and 1.09 × 10−4 mm3/Nm. When the coarser particle size filler was used, it resulted in worsening of the wear resistance. It can generally be concluded that the properties were improved with the increasing amount of wall tile addition, and also better properties were obtained in both types of filled composites compared to the epoxy matrix.

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of ABS/PC-HNT Nano Composites

The objective of this paper is to experimentally study tensile strength, Impact strength, Flexural strength and Wear Characteristics of the Nano tubular material Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) into ABS/PC blend with ABS and PC compositions in the ratio 40/60. We have fabricated the Thermoplastic Nanocomposites specimens as per ASTM standards, with the Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polycarbonate (PC) blend as matrix material and with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% HNT reinforcement material using Co–Rotating Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruder by Melt Compounding. Mechanical Tests were conducted and results were compared with the original ABS/PC blend. Effects of Halloysite Nanotubes reinforcement percentage were discussed in detail. The obtained results suggested that ABS/PC (40/60) blend with 4% reinforcement of Halloysite Nanotubes executed better mechanical properties. SEM is used to study the failure mechanism of the proposed Nano composite.

Impact of crystallization firing process on the microstructure and flexural strength of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramics

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the microstructure of two zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) glass-ceramics and evaluate their mechanical properties before and after the crystallization firing process (CFP). MethodsField emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed for microstructural characterization. To evaluate the pattern of crystallization and the molecular composition of ZLS glass-ceramics, was used X-ray diffraction (XRD). Vickers hardness, fracture toughness by the indentation method, and biaxial flexural strength were also measured. One hundred and forty ceramic discs were produced (diameter=12mm; thickness=1.2mm) and allocated among four groups (n=30): Sfir, Sunf-ZLS Vita Suprinity; and Cfir and Cunf-ZLS Celtra Duo; fired and unfired, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed and Weibull failure probabilities were calculated. ResultsCfir showed the highest characteristic strength (251.25MPa) and hardness (693.333±10.85GPa). Conversely, Sunf presented the lowest characteristic strength (106.95MPa) and significantly lowest hardness (597.533±33.97GPa). According to Weibull analysis, Sunf had the highest structural reliability (m=7.07), while Sfir presented the lowest (m=5.38). The CFP was necessary to crystallize zirconia in the partially crystallized ZLS glass-ceramics. Sfir had a lower percentage of crystallized zirconia than did Cfir. Fractographic analyses showed that all failures initiated from an inherent critical defect in Sunf and from processing defects in the remaining groups. SignificanceThe CFP had a direct influence on the flexural strength and microstructural characteristics of both ZLS materials.

Improvement in tensile and flexural ductility with the addition of different types of polypropylene fibers in cementitious composites

The influence of addition of fibrillated and monofilament polypropylene fibers to a cementitious composite mix on the tensile strength, flexural strength and ductility characteristics of the sample are being probed in this study. The study demonstrates that addition of fibrillated variety improves the strength of the samples both in tension and flexure in comparison to that of monofilament variety, whereas the addition of monofilament variety improves the tensile and flexural ductility characteristics of the sample. A combination of both these type of fibers improves the tensile strength and ductility characteristics along with improvement in flexural ductility with no significant improvement in flexural capacity.

Effect of steel fiber volume fraction and aspect ratio type on the mechanical properties of SIFCON-based HPFRCC

Plain concrete is a brittle material with a very low tensile strength compared to compressive strength and critical tensile strain. This study analyzed the dynamic characteristics of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites based on slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON-based HPFRCC), which maximizes the steel–fiber volume fraction and uses high-strength mortar to increase resistance to loads, such as explosion and impact, with a very short acting time. For major experimental variables, three levels of fiber aspect ratio and five levels of fiber volume fraction between 6.0% and 8.0% were considered, and the flexural strength and toughness characteristics were analyzed according to these variables. Furthermore, three levels of the aspect ratio of used steel fibers were considered. The highest flexural strength of 65.0 MPa was shown at the fiber aspect ratio of 80 and the fiber volume fraction of 7.0%, and the flexural strength and toughness increased proportionally to the fiber volume fraction. The test results according to fiber aspect ratio and fiber volume fraction revealed that after the initial crack, the load of the SIFCON-based HPFRCC continuously increased because of the high fiber volume fraction. In addition, sufficient residual strength was achieved after the maximum strength; this achievement will bring about positive effects on the brittle fracture of structures when an unexpected load, such as explosion or impact, is applied.

Flexural strength of hydrogen plasma-treated polypropylene fiber-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate denture base material.

Objectives:The present study aimed to evaluate flexural strength of hydrogen plasma-treated polypropylene fibers-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer composite.Materials and Methods:One control group with no fiber reinforcement and 9 polymer composite test groups with varying fiber weight percentage (2.5, 5, and 10 Wt%) and aspect ratio (3/220, 6/220, and 12 mm/220 μm) were prepared. Flexural strength was measured using Instron.Results:All hydrogen plasma-treated polypropylene fiber-reinforced test groups obtained significantly higher flexural strength characteristics. Among the test groups, 6 mm long fibers reinforced in 10 Wt% showed superior flexural strength.Conclusion:Hydrogen plasma treatment on polypropylene fiber has a significant role in enhancing the adhesion between PMMA polymer matrix and the polypropylene fibers and thereby the flexural strength.

Effects of slag on flexural strength of slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete

Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete is one of the new advanced concrete composite which differs from method of fabrication and composition of the matrix. Extensive research is being carried out on alternative binders or supplements to cement aiming to reduce environmental impact. However, little has been published to investigate the structural behaviour of SIFCON incorporating with mineral admixtures, particularly as regards its ultrahigh ductility, which may alter the mode of failure from brittle to the more desirable ductile. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the flexural behavior of SIFCON containing three different percentage of fibre content 6%,8% &10% with incorporation of optimum dosage of blast furnace slag replaced by cement. Strength characteristics such as Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength test were carry out for SIFCON incorporating 10% of fibre content and different percentage of slag (0, 15, 30, 45, 60%&75%) to optimize the replacement level. The test results found that the maximum strengths were attained at 30% of blast furnace slag replaced by cement. To study the flexural behavior of SIFCON beam of size 1.2x0.1x0.2m containing different percentages (6%, 8% & 10%) fibre content incorporating with and without the optimum percentage of slag were cast and tested. Both flexural strength and Load displacement characteristics of the specimens were studied under flexure. The outcomespresentedfromtest resultshave been compared. The test results reveals that the flexural strength, toughness, ductility and stiffness characteristics were significantly improved due to incorporation of optimum dosage of slag enhancing when compared to without mineral admixtures also compared to conventional concrete(RCC). Major conclusions were drawn from the investigations which are presented.