Flexible Working Models Research Articles

TÜM YÖNLERİYLE ESNEK ÇALIŞMA MODELLERİ

Gunumuz ekonomik sartlarinda isletmeler, her gecen gun yogunlasan rekabet baskisini daha agir olarak hissetmektedirler. Bu nedenle, yoneticiler isletmelerinin varliklarini surdurebilmek icin yeni arayislar icine giriyorlar. Artik, musteri memnuniyetinin ust duzeyde saglanabilmesi icin is goren memnuniyetinin de oldukca onemli oldugu yoneticiler tarafindan bilinmektedir. Bu memnuniyeti arttirmanin farkli yollarindan birisi de calisma surelerinin esneklestirilmesidir. Esneklikle ulasilmak istenen, her alanda degisen kosullara en kisa ve en iyi sekilde uyum saglayarak, isletmenin rekabet gucunu artirmaktir. Calismanin tamaminda esneklik, surede esneklik anlaminda kullanilacaktir ve surede esneklik kavrami, esnek calisma saatleri ile ifade edilecektir. Bu calismada, ulkemiz icin henuz cok yeni olan esneklik kavrami tum yonleri ile alinmistir. En temel on bir esnek calisma modeli detayli olarak incelenmistir

THE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES OF DISABLED PEOPLE AT CALL CENTERS: SOME CASES FROM TURKEY

The issue of employment is very important subject for countries where the rates of unemployment is high in the world. While the issue of unemployment is seen a major subject in some countries, other countries see it more minor. However, every country, including developed, faces with unemployment depending on their development level. The lack of skills and knowledge, matching problems and legal and regulatory issues in labor markets may cause and increase the unemployment rates of countries. In addition, there are different groups in unemployed people who are socially and economically excluded such as youths, old people, women, uneducated and disabled people. Especially, these excluded groups are benefited of the emergence of information and communication technologies. In this sense, the last decade, disabled people had many employment opportunities by using information and communication technologies either at workplace or at home. In this mean, call centers offer new opportunities for disabled people in terms of workplace environment. When it is investigated the data related to call centers in Turkey and the world, it is seen that call centers have a potential on employment and a high turnover rate. Call centers are popular businesses and day by day they are becoming an important employment sources for the disabled people who can reach that kind of jobs and adopt easily with their disabilities. Also, because call centers don’t require high level qualifications, they make disabled people, who can’t reach education opportunities, more socially included. Technological developments make the call center businesses more adaptive towards flexible working models and implement these technologies into their work processes. With the new emerging technologies (information and communication technologies), call centers can use either offices or homes as their work places. Thus, disabled people, who can’t go to work places from home, can work at their homes and take part in working life by using information and communication technologies and the internet. Of course, there are some risks when disabled people work at home, they may become excluded from social life and environment. Also, when disabled people work at home they will feel more relax, but they can’t be integrated into social life and be excluded from the society. In order to include disabled people into society, call centers businesses should establish their offices rather than giving jobs to the homes. With this sense, call center projects are developed so as to provide employment opportunities for disabled people in the world and Turkey. The common point of these call centers projects is to include disabled people into working life in short term by giving them necessary training. However, legal and social responsibilities are going to be completed for companies by giving disabled people working opportunities. With this study, employment opportunities are provided by information technologies were examined for disabled at call centers in the world and Turkey. In the first part of the paper, the definition of disabled people, their inclusion and employment opportunities are studied. In the second part, the definition of call centers, their working processes and if they are an employment source are examined. At the final part, disabled people and call centers relations and call centers’ contribution to employment of disabled people are evaluated with some examples.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.5.1098

On Causal Mediation Analysis with a Survival Outcome

Suppose that having established a marginal total effect of a point exposure on a time-to-event outcome, an investigator wishes to decompose this effect into its direct and indirect pathways, also known as natural direct and indirect effects, mediated by a variable known to occur after the exposure and prior to the outcome. This paper proposes a theory of estimation of natural direct and indirect effects in two important semiparametric models for a failure time outcome. The underlying survival model for the marginal total effect and thus for the direct and indirect effects, can either be a marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model, or a marginal structural additive hazards model. The proposed theory delivers new estimators for mediation analysis in each of these models, with appealing robustness properties. Specifically, in order to guarantee ignorability with respect to the exposure and mediator variables, the approach, which is multiply robust, allows the investigator to use several flexible working models to adjust for confounding by a large number of pre-exposure variables. Multiple robustness is appealing because it only requires a subset of working models to be correct for consistency; furthermore, the analyst need not know which subset of working models is in fact correct to report valid inferences. Finally, a novel semiparametric sensitivity analysis technique is developed for each of these models, to assess the impact on inference, of a violation of the assumption of ignorability of the mediator.