Flexible Harvesting Research Articles

Smallholder farmers expand production area of the perennial crop enset as a climate coping strategy in a drought‐prone indigenous agrisystem

Societal Impact StatementClimate resilient crops will become increasingly important, especially in regions where smallholder farmers are vulnerable to climate extremes. Enset, a multipurpose perennial staple crop consumed by over 20 million people in Ethiopia, purportedly provides food security during periods of drought. Here, we find evidence that frequent severe drought events led to an increase in enset production area. This is consistent with a broader pattern whereby farmers preferentially cultivate perennial and storable crops after long‐term drought events, providing an example of adaptation to fluctuations in climate through crop choice in indigenous agrisystems.SummarySmallholder farms in the semiarid and subhumid tropics are particularly vulnerable to increased climate variability. Indigenous agrisystems that have co‐evolved with climate variability may have developed resilience strategies. In the Southwest Ethiopian Highlands, agrisystems are dominated by the multipurpose perennial staple enset (Ensete ventricosum), characterised by flexible harvest timing, high yield, long storage, and putative drought tolerance, earning it the name ‘the tree against hunger’.We tested three hypotheses using crop production area and climate data. First, that enset production area is greatest in the most drought‐prone locations. Second, that farmers respond to drought events by increasing enset production area. And third, that drought encourages shifts in agrisystem composition more widely towards perennial or storable crops.We found that regions with a higher severe drought frequency are associated with significantly higher proportion of enset production. Similarly, the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index of the previous 3 years is significantly negatively correlated with enset production area time series, suggesting that prior drier conditions led farmers to increase the land under enset production. Regarding other crops, storage crops roots and tubers were also preferentially selected after long‐term drought over annual crops, indicating their capacity for longer‐term resilience.Promoting the production of crops such as perennials, which have more extensive and established root systems, may be a strategy to ensure food security during drought or climate variability. These results indicate the potential of farmer's resilience strategies to improve food security in a changing climate.

Flapping and powering characteristics of a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator at Reynolds number range simulating ocean current

For effective ocean energy harvesting, it is necessary to understand the coupled motion of the piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and ocean currents. Herein, we experimentally investigate power performance of the PENG in the perspective of the fluid–structure interaction considering ocean conditions with the Reynolds number (Re) values ranging from 1 to 141,489. A piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride micromesh was constructed via electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing technique to produce the β-phase dominantly that is desirable for powering performance. Water channel was set to generate water flow to vibrate the flexible PENG. By plotting the Re values as a function of nondimensional bending rigidity (KB) and the structure-to-fluid mass ratio (M*), we could find neutral curves dividing the stable and flapping regimes. Analyzing the flow velocities between the vortex and surroundings via a particle image velocimetry, the larger displacement of the PENG in the chaotic flapping regime than that in the flapping regime was attributed to the sharp pressure gradient. By correlating M*, Re, KB, and the PENG performance, we conclude that there is critical KB that generate chaotic flapping motion for effective powering. We believe this study contributes to the establishment of a design methodology for the flexible PENG harvesting of ocean currents.

A Multi-Flexible-Fingered Roller Pineapple Harvesting Mechanism

Research on the mechanical harvesting of pineapples is currently in its early stages. The purpose of this study is to provide a design and configure a method for multi-flexible-fingered roller pineapple harvester. Depending on the physical and mechanical characteristics of pineapples, the evaluation function for the critical damage condition of the fruit was established. Our experimental results revealed the optimal parameters for pineapple harvesting were as follows: the rollers of the harvesting mechanism should be inclined at 35°, the left flexible fingers should be 120 mm long, the gap between each of the left flexible fingers should be 30 mm, the length of the right flexible fingers should be 150 mm long, and the gap between each of the right flexible fingers should be 10 mm. The harvesting rate was 85% and the damage rate was 5% in the laboratory; in the natural environment, harvesting rate and damage rate were 78% and 8% respectively, and the harvesting speed was about 1 s per fruit, which demonstrated the harvesting machinery could sufficiently meet the usage demand of pineapple harvesting. In the cases of unsuccessful harvesting, failure resulted from mismatched flexible finger length, fruit size, and harvesting posture and position.

Recent progress in electrospun nanomaterials for wearables.

Wearables have garnered significant attention in recent years not only as consumer electronics for entertainment, communications, and commerce but also for real-time continuous health monitoring. This has been spurred by advances in flexible sensors, transistors, energy storage, and harvesting devices to replace the traditional, bulky, and rigid electronic devices. However, engineering smart wearables that can seamlessly integrate with the human body is a daunting task. Some of the key material attributes that are challenging to meet are skin conformability, breathability, and biocompatibility while providing tunability of its mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. Electrospinning has emerged as a versatile platform that can potentially address these challenges by fabricating nanofibers with tunable properties from a polymer base. In this article, we review advances in wearable electronic devices and systems that are developed using electrospinning. We cover various applications in multiple fields including healthcare, biomedicine, and energy. We review the ability to tune the electrical, physiochemical, and mechanical properties of the nanofibers underlying these applications and illustrate strategies that enable integration of these nanofibers with human skin.

An innovative energy harvesting backpack strategy through a flexible mechanical motion rectifier

This paper reports a fundamentally different strategy for realizing high-performance energy harvesting backpacks to effectively scavenge ultralow-frequency human body motions. The proposed backpack strategy is based on an innovative flexible mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) that consists of an inelastic strap, an elastic strap, a shaft with a double-layered plectrum, and a rotor. The flexible MMR first converts the human motion induced vibrations to the alternating spin of a shaft, and then enables the mono-directional spin of a rotor by a shaft through the stiffness self-adaptive plectrum. To examine the feasibility of the proposed strategy, an energy harvesting backpack was constructed with an array of the flexible MMR-based harvesters, and an electromechanical model of the backpack was also established and verified. Both simulations and experiments reveal the high output power of the backpack under various human travel velocities. Experiments show that, under a running velocity of 9 km/h, the backpack with a small payload of 3.6 kg can deliver high output power of 1.284 W. Under a walking velocity of 6 km/h, the electric energy generated by only one harvester of the backpack with a payload of 1.7 kg is sufficiently large for charging both a smart bracelet and a smart phone. This study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving high-performance energy harvesting backpacks with the flexible MMR for portable and wearable electronics.

Optimizing Piezoelectric Nanocomposites by High-Throughput Phase-Field Simulation and Machine Learning.

Piezoelectric nanocomposites with oxide fillers in a polymer matrix combine the merit of high piezoelectric response of the oxides and flexibility as well as biocompatibility of the polymers. Understanding the role of the choice of materials and the filler‐matrix architecture is critical to achieving desired functionality of a composite towards applications in flexible electronics and energy harvest devices. Herein, a high‐throughput phase‐field simulation is conducted to systematically reveal the influence of morphology and spatial orientation of an oxide filler on the piezoelectric, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the piezoelectric nanocomposites. It is discovered that with a constant filler volume fraction, a composite composed of vertical pillars exhibits superior piezoelectric response and electromechanical coupling coefficient as compared to the other geometric configurations. An analytical regression is established from a linear regression‐based machine learning model, which can be employed to predict the performance of nanocomposites filled with oxides with a given set of piezoelectric coefficient, dielectric permittivity, and stiffness. This work not only sheds light on the fundamental mechanism of piezoelectric nanocomposites, but also offers a promising material design strategy for developing high‐performance polymer/inorganic oxide composite‐based wearable electronics.

High-sensitivity self-powered temperature/pressure sensor based on flexible Bi-Te thermoelectric film and porous microconed elastomer

• A self-powered Bi-Te and porous microcone-based temperature/pressure sensor is presented. • A flexible TEG could harvest body heat to power pressure sensor and sense temperature. • Bi-Te based TE thin film with heat sink achieves a high-precision temperature sensor. • The porous microconed architectures greatly enhance the sensitivity of pressure sensor. Electronic skins are artificial skin-type multifunctional sensors, which hold great potentials in intelligent robotics, limb prostheses and human health monitoring. However, it is a great challenge to independently and accurately read various physical signals without power supplies. Here, a self-powered flexible temperature-pressure bimodal sensor based on high-performance thermoelectric films and porous microconed conductive elastic materials is presented. Through introducing flexible heat-sink design and harvesting body heat energy, the thin-film thermoelectric device could not only precisely sense temperature signal but also drive the pressure sensor for detecting external tactile stimulus. The integration of Bi-Te based thermoelectric film with high stability in wide temperature range enables the sensor to sense the ambient temperature with high resolution (<0.1 K) as well as excellent sensitivity (3.77 mV K –1 ). Meanwhile, the porous microconed elastomer responds to pressure variation with low-pressure detection (16 Pa) and a high sensitivity of 37 kPa –1 . Furthermore, the bimodal sensor could accurately and simultaneously monitor human wrist pulse and body temperature in real time, which demonstrates promising applications in self-powered electronic skins for human health monitoring systems.

Understanding changes in cassava root dry matter yield by different planting dates, crop ages at harvest, fertilizer application and varieties

Cassava is a perennial crop that can adapt to periods of drought at different times in a growing season, which permits scheduling planting and harvest to develop production systems supplying roots continuously. However, farmers plant and harvest cassava at the onset of rains which creates glut and results in unattractive root prices. Thus, farmers need to understand how cassava varieties respond to different planting dates and crop ages at harvest to be able to use opportunities in income generation that may arise from flexible planting and harvest dates resulting from price and dry matter (DM) variabilities. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the best time to plant and harvest cassava for different varieties (TME419 and TMS581) and to determine the effect of fertilizer on root DM yields in three locations (Idi-Ose, Moniya and Ido) in Nigeria, over two years. The overall objective was to provide information to guide farmers on how to schedule planting and harvesting in Nigeria. The trials were conducted using a factorial split-split plot design. Effects of early, mid and late planting dates combined with harvest at 9, 11 and 13 months after planting (MAP) were tested. Fertilizer treatments included a control (F0) and applications of 75 kg N ha−1, 20 kg P ha−1 combined with 90 (F1), 135 (F2) and 180 (F3) kg K ha−1. A root DM yield increase of 44.8% was observed when crop age increased from 9 to 11 MAP, and an increase of 13.1% when crop age increased from 11 to 13 MAP, indicating that delaying harvests does increase root DM yield across all planting dates. In contrast, root DM yield differences between planting dates were marginal, an increase of 8.1% was observed from early to mid-planting date and of 9.5% from early to late planting dates. Fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with location and the largest responses were observed at Ido. Fertilizer increased cassava root DM yields when compared with control at Ido by 15.38%, 23.1% and 16.7% in F1, F2 and F3, respectively. Responses were inconsistent at Moniya and Idi-Ose. With information on the effect of crop age and fertilizer, farmers could benefit from targeting seasons with shortage of cassava roots and high cassava prices, which would benefit processing industries securing year-round root supply.

High-performance silver nanowires transparent conductive electrodes fabricated using manufacturing-ready high-speed photonic sinterization solutions

On the long road towards low-cost flexible hybrid electronics, integration and printable solar energy harvesting solutions, there is an urgent need for high-performance transparent conductive electrodes produced using manufacturing-ready techniques and equipment. In recent years, randomly-distributed metallic nanowire-based transparent mesh electrodes have proven highly-promising as they offer a superb compromise between high performances and low fabrication costs. Unfortunately, these high figure-of-merit transparent mesh electrodes usually rely heavily on extensive post-deposition processing. While conventional thermal annealing yields good performances, it is especially ill-suited for deposition on low-temperature substrates or for high-throughput manufacturing solutions. Similarly, laser-induced annealing severely limits the processing time for electrodes covering large surfaces. In this paper, we report the fabrication of ultra high-performance silver nanowires-based transparent conductive electrodes fabricated using optimized manufacturing-ready ultrafast photonic curing solutions. Using conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) as our benchmark for transparent electrodes, we demonstrate a 2.6–2.7 times performance gain using two different figure-of-merit indicators. Based on these results, we believe this research provides an ideal manufacturing-ready approach for the large-scale and low-cost fabrication of ultra high-performance transparent electrodes for flexible hybrid electronics and solar-energy harvesting applications.

Costs and Limitations of Marine Synechococcus Blue-Green Chromatic Acclimation

Benefits and trade-offs of blue/green chromatic acclimation (CA4) have received limited study. We investigated the energetic costs associated with executing chromatic acclimation using a fluorescence-based calculation of light use efficiency. Using laboratory cultures and artificial light environments, we show that the delayed response to acclimation known to occur in marine Synechococcus acclimating strains (generalists) in green light do not reduce light use efficiency in green light, but that only one generalist, RCC307, with a much smaller range of acclimation, had higher light use efficiency than blue and green light specialist strains. Generalists with a wider acclimation range either had the same or &amp;gt;30% lower light use efficiencies in blue and green light environments. From this work, we propose that advantages from CA4 may not be geared at direct competition with other Synechococcus specialists with fixed pigment types, but may serve to expand the ecological range of Synechococcus in spectral competition with other genera. As all eight Synechococcus strains tested had higher light use efficiency in green light, regardless of a fixed or flexible light harvesting strategy, we add evidence to the suitability of the Synechococcus genus to greener ocean niches, whether stable, or variable.

Integrated planning for planting and harvesting sugarcane and energy-cane for the production of sucrose and energy

The main products obtained from sugarcane for the global market are sugar, ethanol and energy. Although the demand for these products is high, in Brazil there is no longer space to expand sugarcane cultivation due to other important food crops and environmental protection areas. Therefore, current research seeks ways to increase sugarcane productivity without expanding the planted area. Consequently, a type of cane with higher concentration of fiber has been developed and cultivated called energy-cane. This cane type has more fiber than sucrose in its composition, which makes it better for producing energy and ethanol and inappropriate for sugar production. To meet the demands for these three products, both energy-cane and sugarcane are needed, making the planning and decision-making more difficult in the energy-sugar sector. In this context, a mixed integer linear optimization model for the integrated planning of the planting and harvesting of sugarcane and energy-cane for a sugar-energy plant is proposed to determine an optimized planting and harvesting schedule, that aims to maximize the sucrose and fiber production in the cane fields. The model takes into account a flexible harvest period to meet the demands of the consumer market and respect the operational constraints of the company, which can cause variations in productivity. To solve real-life instances where exact methods fail, a heuristic based on the relax-and-fix and fix-and-optimize concepts is proposed. Numerical experiences with random instances were generated to test both the model and the heuristic. Feasible solutions with an error close to 1% were obtained, consuming one tenth of the CPU time, on average. Thus, the mathematical model and the heuristic method developed have great potential to support decision-making in sugarcane and energy-cane production planning.

73.5 uW Indoor-Outdoor Light Harvesting System with Global Maximum Power Point Tracking

This work introduces a light harvesting system with battery management. In contrast to relevant solutions that operate in limited ranges, the proposed system covers a wide operating input power range from 10 uW up to 300 mW. Specifically, experimental results highlight that, combined with a 73 × 94 mm flexible light harvester, it can harness light in a range from 50 LUX (indoor lighting) up to 120,000 LUX (outdoor lighting). The introduced system consists of a boost converter and an ultra-low power microcontroller (MCU). The MCU performs Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT), using a resistor-free time-based input power sensing method, to calculate the input power of the converter, which does not interfere with the operation of the boost converter. The efficiency of the GMPPT system was evaluated with detailed experimentation, where we achieved 99.75% average GMPPT tracking efficiency while consuming only 73.5 uW at 4.2 V.

Surface modification of liquid metal as an effective approach for deformable electronics and energy devices.

The fields of flexible or stretchable electronics and energy devices, reconfigurable and compliant soft robotics, wearable e-textiles or health-care devices have paid significant attention to the need of deformable conductive electrodes due to its critical role in device performances. Gallium-based liquid metals, such as the eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) being an electrically conductive liquid phase at room temperature, have attracted immense interests as a promising candidate for deformable conductor. However, in the case of bulk liquid metal, there are several limitations such as the need of encapsulation, dispersion in a polymer matrix, or accurate patterning. For these reasons, the preparation of liquid metal particles in harnessing the properties in a non-bulk form and surface modification is crucial for the success of incorporating liquid metal into functional devices. Herein, we discuss the current progress in chemical surface modification and interfacial manipulations of liquid metal particles. The physical and chemical properties of the surface modification-assisted liquid metal polymer composite are also reviewed. Lastly, the applications of the surface-modified liquid metal particles such as flexible electrode, soft robotics, energy storage or harvester, thermal conductor, dielectric sensor, and bioelectronics are discussed, and the corresponding perspectives of deformable electronics and energy devices are provided. In particular, we focus on the functionalization method or requirement of liquid metal particles in each application. The challenging issues and outlook on the applications of surface-modified liquid metal particles are also discussed.

Towards Intelligent Food Waste Prevention: An Approach Using Scalable and Flexible Harvest Schedule Optimization With Evolutionary Algorithms

Towards Intelligent Food Waste Prevention: An Approach Using Scalable and Flexible Harvest Schedule Optimization With Evolutionary Algorithms

Divergence of photosynthetic strategies amongst marine diatoms.

Marine phytoplankton, and in particular diatoms, are responsible for almost half of all primary production on Earth. Diatom species thrive from polar to tropical waters and across light environments that are highly complex to relatively benign, and so have evolved highly divergent strategies for regulating light capture and utilization. It is increasingly well established that diatoms have achieved such successful ecosystem dominance by regulating excitation energy available for generating photosynthetic energy via highly flexible light harvesting strategies. However, how different light harvesting strategies and downstream pathways for oxygen production and consumption interact to balance excitation pressure remains unknown. We therefore examined the responses of three diatom taxa adapted to inherently different light climates (estuarine Thalassioisira weissflogii, coastal Thalassiosira pseudonana and oceanic Thalassiosira oceanica) during transient shifts from a moderate to high growth irradiance (85 to 1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Transient high light exposure caused T. weissflogii to rapidly downregulate PSII with substantial nonphotochemical quenching, protecting PSII from inactivation or damage, and obviating the need for induction of O2 consuming (light-dependent respiration, LDR) pathways. In contrast, T. oceanica retained high excitation pressure on PSII, but with little change in RCII photochemical turnover, thereby requiring moderate repair activity and greater reliance on LDR. T. pseudonana exhibited an intermediate response compared to the other two diatom species, exhibiting some downregulation and inactivation of PSII, but high repair of PSII and induction of reversible PSII nonphotochemical quenching, with some LDR. Together, these data demonstrate a range of strategies for balancing light harvesting and utilization across diatom species, which reflect their adaptation to sustain photosynthesis under environments with inherently different light regimes.

3D angle-interlock woven structural wearable triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated with silicone rubber coated graphene oxide/cotton composite yarn

The fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with flexibility, diverse structure and energy harvesting aroused widespread concern in recent years for various portable electronics. Herein, a 3D angle-interlock woven (3DAW) structural wearable TENG with high output performance was fabricated with silicone rubber coated graphene oxide/cotton composite yarn. Composite yarn acts the role of energy conversion and it was fabricated to specific 3D woven structure to further improve its electrical properties. The optimal single yarn with a diameter of 2 mm demonstrates open-circuit voltage of 30.8 V and short-circuit current of 1.1μA using constant loading force tapping (~10 N). The obtained 3DAW-TENG reveals the output power of 225 mW/m2 with the area of 5 cm×7 cm, which is more outstanding compared with those of 2D plain structure and 3D double-layer plain structure. The 3DAW-TENG also successfully shows the application in charging small electronics and triggering voltage sensors. It's suggested that the 3DAW-TENG can be a potential candidate for the filed of wearables and self-powered sensors.

Effects of Harvest Time on the Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Hay Produced in Northern Italy

The aim of this work was to study the yield and nutritional characteristics of winter wheat hay. A selection of cultivars recommended for three main purposes: grain, whole plant (biomass) and dual purpose (grain and biomass) production were cultivated and harvested from heading to grain dough stages. Yield dry weight (YDW), dry matter (DM) and undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) increased with advancing maturity, ranging from 9 t ha−1, 20 and 11% of DM to 16 t ha−1, 43 and 17% of DM, respectively; while crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased from 11 and 59% of DM to 6 and 54% of DM, respectively. Our study showed that dual purpose winter wheat cultivars displayed similar performance of CP, NDF and net energy for lactation, when harvested at heading or grain milk stages. In addition, winter wheat recommended to be harvested as whole plant showed similar values of YDW, sugar and starch contents, when harvested at grain dough and milk stages. These characteristics are strategic in hay production, allowing a more flexible harvesting strategy. These results might be useful to improve the hay production, given useful information on harvest time and improving agricultural sustainability covering the soil in autumn and winter.

A Multi-Source Harvesting System Applied to Sensor-Based Smart Garments for Monitoring Workers’ Bio-Physical Parameters in Harsh Environments

This paper describes the development and characterization of a smart garment for monitoring the environmental and biophysical parameters of the user wearing it; the wearable application is focused on the control to workers’ conditions in dangerous workplaces in order to prevent or reduce the consequences of accidents. The smart jacket includes flexible solar panels, thermoelectric generators and flexible piezoelectric harvesters to scavenge energy from the human body, thus ensuring the energy autonomy of the employed sensors and electronic boards. The hardware and firmware optimization allowed the correct interfacing of the heart rate and SpO2 sensor, accelerometers, temperature and electrochemical gas sensors with a modified Arduino Pro mini board. The latter stores and processes the sensor data and, in the event of abnormal parameters, sends an alarm to a cloud database, allowing company managers to check them via a web app. The characterization of the harvesting subsection has shown that ≈ 265 mW maximum power can be obtained in a real scenario, whereas the power consumption due to the acquisition, processing and BLE data transmission functions determined that a 10 mAh/day charge is required to ensure the device’s proper operation. By charging a 380 mAh Lipo battery in a few hours by means of the harvesting system, an energy autonomy of 23 days was obtained, in the absence of any further energy contribution.

JULES-BE: representation of bioenergy crops and harvesting in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator vn5.1

Abstract. We describe developments to the land surface model JULES, allowing for flexible user-prescribed harvest regimes of various perennial bioenergy crops or natural vegetation types. Our aim is to integrate the most useful aspects of dedicated bioenergy models into dynamic global vegetation models, in order that assessment of bioenergy options can benefit from state-of-the-art Earth system modelling. A new plant functional type (PFT) representing Miscanthus is also presented. The Miscanthus PFT fits well with growth parameters observed at a site in Lincolnshire, UK; however, global observed yields of Miscanthus are far more variable than is captured by the model, primarily owing to the model's lack of representation of crop age and establishment time. Global expansion of bioenergy crop areas under a 2 ∘C emissions scenario and balanced greenhouse gas mitigation strategy from the IMAGE integrated assessment model (RCP2.6-SSP2) achieves a mean yield of 4.3 billion tonnes of dry matter per year over 2040–2099, around 30 % higher than the biomass availability projected by IMAGE. In addition to perennial grasses, JULES-BE can also be used to represent short-rotation coppicing, residue harvesting from cropland or forestry and rotation forestry.

A novel triboelectric nanogenerator based on carbon fiber reinforced composite lamina and as a self-powered displacement sensor

The small-scale energy harvesting and self-powered sensing are of essential importance for achieving an efficient, renewable, eco-friendly and sustainable power sources. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel, light-weight, and designable anisotropic stiffness triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and displacement sensor. The triboelectric pairs consist of the carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) lamina and commercial office paper. The CFRC utilized as triboelectric material is mainly because of its merits embracing the high modulus, high specific strength, multifunctional characteristics of designable stiffness and absence of mechanical property loss and paper is adopted mostly on account of low-cost, commonly available, green and disposable. For the proposed device, the carbon fibers built in the CFRC and another copper foil on paper firstly serve as conductive electrodes to explore the mechanism and performance after identifying a triboelectric sequence of the CFRC lamina and paper. With a merit of designable anisotropic stiffness by changing the orientations of fibers, the CFRC board essentially has a three-layer structure and acts as the supporting structure. The estimated peak output of open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) for proposed TENG by finger motion can reach 150 V and 2.5 μA respectively. The fabricated TENG with a steady output and high power density can directly light up twenty-five light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of 3.4 V working voltage. Subsequently, two pieces of CFRC boards are combined with paper gratings to develop a novel displacement sensor, where a self-powered function is achieved and no additional conductive electrodes of accessory are incorporated besides the carbon fibers. The advantage of relatively high-power outcomes and rapid fabrication from the thin profile and flexible harvester for the proposed TENG and self-powered displacement sensor offers a feasible CFRC-based power solution for microelectronics and sensors and can be used to future energy harvesting and structural health monitoring (SHM).