Flexible Distribution System Research Articles

Closed‐loop stripping analysis as a tool for solving taste and odor problems

The strategy of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC) for coping with difficult earthy‐musty odors encompasses sensory, microbiological, and trace organic analytical techniques. The closed‐loop stripping analysis (CLSA) technique allows identification of several taste‐ and odor‐causing organic substances (e.g., geosmin and 2‐methylisoborneol) in water, sediments, and cultures at low nanogram‐per‐litre levels. CLSA is as sensitive as or more sensitive than the human nose and qualitatively more reliable. Extensive data assembled before and during odor episodes, along with multiple sources of raw water and a flexible distribution system, enable MWDSC to control earthy‐musty odors.

Advanced Mobile Phone Service: Control Architecture

The cellular concept used in the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (amps) system to achieve spectrum efficiency requires a complex and flexible distributed system control architecture. Three major subsystems serve as the control elements: the mobile unit, the cell site, and the switching office. System control functions are partitioned among these subsystems to handle the following amps control challenges: interfacing with the nationwide switched telephone network, dialing from mobile units, supervising calls from mobile subscribers in the presence of noise and co-channel interference, performing call setup functions including paging and access, and locating and handing off mobiles between cell sites. This paper explains the techniques used to achieve the control functions of the three major subsystems and the ways they in turn participate in control of the total amps system.

The Power-Distribution Problem in Arc Welding

THE extent to which arc welding has contributed to the shipbuilding program is well known. The consequent expansion of welding in shipyards resulted in various problems: the training of operators, production of the materials used, and by no means least, the development of satisfactory power-distribution systems. It is the intent of this paper to discuss briefly the general principles of power distribution for arc welding and to illustrate the application of these principles in the provision of an adequate, flexible, and economical distribution system in a typical shipyard. Although many conditions in shipbuilding are peculiar to the industry, it is believed that similar reasoning can be applied to any metal-fabricating plant making use of arc welding on a like scale.