Flavonoids Research Articles

O uso de indicadores ácido-base naturais no ensino de Química: uma revisão

Os indicadores ácido-base são substâncias que possuem cores diferentes em função da acidez da solução que está presente, sendo uma alternativa para a contextualização e elaboração de testes com materiais acessíveis e de baixo custo. Este manuscrito tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre o uso de produtos naturais utilizados como indicador natural aplicado ao ensino de ácido-base. A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa bibliográfica integrativa, abrangendo o período de 2010 a 2020. A pesquisa foi realizada em um banco de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Science Direct, ResearchGate e Redalyc. Houve ampla utilização de produtos naturais obtidos de flores, frutos, raizes e folhas utilizados como indicador natural, evidenciando as classes de flavonoides e antocianinas como os principais compostos associados à capacidade de mudar de cor em diferentes meios de pH. Os dados apresentados demonstraram a diversidade de materiais, os quais se mostraram eficientes como facilitadores da aprendizagem dos alunos, favorecendo a assimilação dos conteúdos de Química por meio da contextualização dos conhecimentos teóricos.

Composition and Contents of Free Amino Acids and Phenolic Acid and Flavonoids of Imperata cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii Root extracts

Composition and Contents of Free Amino Acids and Phenolic Acid and Flavonoids of Imperata cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii Root extracts

Ação in vitro do extrato do botão floral da bananeira (Musa spp.) sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos

Uma alternativa para o controle de verminose na ovinocultura é a utilização de plantas bioativas. Diversos estudos têm relacionado plantas taniníferas com propriedades anti-helmínticas, com destaque para a bananeira (Musa spp.). Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi qualificar e quantificar o potencial anti-helmíntico do extrato hidroalcoólico do botão floral da bananeira a 10% (EHB), nas concentrações de 20, 40, 80, 160 e 320mg mL-1, sobre ovos e larvas de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. O presente estudo laboratorial, de natureza quantitativa, justifica-se principalmente pelo fato de que estudos in vitro, são exigidos preliminarmente aos ensaios pré-clínicos e clínicos. Dessa forma, foram utilizadas fezes de ovinos naturalmente infectados, selecionados pela contagem mínima de 2.000 ovos por grama de fezes e em quadruplicada, foram avaliados também, os tratamentos controle negativo e positivo. Além disso, foram determinados os teores de polifenóis totais, taninos condensados, flavonoides, e atividade antioxidante. Utilizando os testes de inibição da eclodibilidade de ovos (TEO) e da migração larval (TIML), foi possível verificar 100% de inibição, para ambos os testes, na concentração de 320mg mL-1. O EHB (10mg mL-1) apresentou 0,38mg EAG g-1 de polifenóis totais, 372,70mg EAT g-1 de taninos, 0,42mg RE g-1 de flavonoides, e atividade antioxidante de 43,03% com IC50 correspondendo à 0,2765mg mL-1. Dessa forma, foi possível verificar atividade anti-helmíntica e antioxidante do EHB, demonstrando importante potencial no controle de verminose em ovinos.

Geographical variation in total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves in Burkina Faso

This study aimed to elucidate the effect of sampling location of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Leaves of E. camaldulensis collected at three different locations in Burkina Faso (north, central, south-west) were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain a water extract and subsequent ethanol extraction of the solid residue. The extracts were analysed for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, TPC, TFC and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint. TPC were higher in water extracts and presented considerable variation from 129±9 to 266±4 milligram Gallic Acid Equivalent per gram of extract (mg GAE/g) with the highest value 266±4 mg GAE/g at the south-west site. This aqueous extract also showed high antioxidant activity with EC50 8.3 µg/mL. Furthermore, HPTLC fingerprint of the extracts showed both band intensity and size differences. For TFC, we found a slight differences within both water and ethanolic extracts with the highest value of 38.3 ±4.2 mg QE/g for the south-west ethanolic extract. The noticeable impact of climate on chemical variability of E. camaldulensis leaves needs to be taken into consideration for any further applications based on TPC biological activity of the extracts. Key words: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, sample location, chemical variation.

Effect of Roasting on Bioactive and Antinutritional Components of Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum)

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) collected from Morang district, Nepal was studied to explore the effect of roasting at 180oC for 5, 10, 15 and 20 min and soaking (12 h followed by sun drying followed by roasting at 180oC for 15 minutes) on its bioactive compounds (flavonoids, polyphenol and anti-oxidant activity), nutritional and anti-nutritional compounds (hydrocyanic acid and oxalate). The crude extracts of samples were prepared using 80% methanol by maceration technique for analysis of total flavonoid content, polyphenol content and free radical scavenging activity. Roasting of flaxseed had significant impact on its bioactive, nutritional and anti-nutritional components. Flavonoid content increased significantly (p<0.001) from 45.33 ± 5.03 mg QE/100 g to 238.16 ± 8.8 mg QE/100 g on roasting whereas there was no significant increment of flavonoid on soaking. Polyphenols content decreased significantly (p<0.001) on roasting and soaking followed by roasting. The highest amount of antioxidant activity was found to be in raw and 15 min roasting i.e 1.57 mg AAE/mg DM. And antioxidant activity was further increased on soaking followed by roasting. Hydrocyanic acid on raw sample was 649.3 ± 1.41 mg/kg decreased significantly (p<0.001) to 115.2 ± 10.41 mg/kg at 15 min roasting. Similarly, oxalate content decreased significantly (p<0.001) on roasting. Soaking followed by roasting further decreased HCN and oxalate content significantly (p<0.001). Protein, fat and fiber content were decreased significantly whereas calcium content increased significantly on 15min roasting. Similarly, on soaking followed by roasting, protein, fat and calcium content were decreased and crude fiber increased significantly.

Quercetin Fatty Acid Esters: from Synthesis to the Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibition

New complexes of quercetin esterification with alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) were applied as inhibitor of tyrosinase as the main melanogenesis.enzyme The most abundant flavonoid compound, quercetin was considered as the base of esterification with poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The new derivatives including quercetin- ALA (complex I) and quercetin- LA (complex II) were designed and their impacts on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) were assessed by experimental and theoretical studies. The new complexes I and II were induced competitive inhibition on tyrosinase enzyme with Ki of 0.59 and 0.40 mM, respectively. The molecular analysis of docking revealed that the complex II has a better ability to interact with enzyme than the complex I and the nature of interactions was obeyed from hydrophobic manner. So, the esterification of quercetin by above mentioned fatty acids achieved strength inhibitors against tyrosinase and because of their abundant in natural sources and importance in lifestyle, it is proposed to utilize them in medicine, cosmetics, agriculture and food industries. Their other biological properties need more investigations.

Antitumoral properties of butanolic fraction from leaves extract of Chrysobalanus icaco L. in breast and lung cancer cell lines.

Infusion of leaves from Chrysobalanus icaco L., known as Icaco or Abajeru, is widely consumed in Brazil due to its therapeutic effects, such as hyperglycemia regulation, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and against chronic diarrhea. The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract from Icaco also present anti-cancer properties, including colon cancer and leukemia. However, the antitumoral activity of the butanolic fraction still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the antitumoral properties of butanolic fraction against breast and lung cancer cell lines. Breast and lung cancer cell lines were incubated with the butanolic fraction (0.5, 1 and 5 µg.mL-1) for 24h. WST-1 and Trypan blue exclusion assays evaluated cell viability. The reactive oxygen species generation was measured, and the cell death pathway was analyzed by flow cytometry. The phytochemical profile was determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The butanolic fraction presents triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds as its major constituents. Cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and A549 were decreased by butanolic fraction (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 µg.mL -1 ) treatment. Butanolic fraction (5.0 µg.mL -1 ) increase intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in MDA-MB-231, 118%, and in A549, 20%, cell lines. The loss of viability and reactive oxygen species increase was accompanied by apoptosis induction. The cellular migration of both cell lines was decreased by 13% in MDA-MB-231 and by 58% in A549 with the butanolic fraction of C. icaco . These results suggest that the butanolic fraction from Chrysobalanus icaco has anti-cancer properties against MDA-MB-231 and A549 cancer cells.

Nephro-protective Effect of Clerodendrum infortunatum in Arsenic Induced Sub-acute Toxicity in Albino Rats

The nephro-protective effect of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn ( C. infortunatum ) in arsenic induced sub-acute toxicity (28 days) was evaluated in albino rats. 18 albino rats were divided into 3 groups representing control, sodium arsenite alone and in combination with hydro-methanolic extract of C. infortunatum leaves representing Group I, Group II and Group III respectively. Sodium arsenite (3 mg/kg b.wt.) and C. infortunatum extracts (100 mg/kg b.wt.) were administered orally once daily over a period of 28 days. At the end of treatment period (29th day), rats were sacrificed. The blood samples for hematological parameters and kidney tissues for oxidative stress indices were collected. The kidney weight was also measured. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the above plant was done to know the different phyto-constituents present. Significant reduction were observed in kidney wt., TEC, Hb% and SOD levels where as creatinine, BUN, TLC and MDA levels (P < 0.001) were significantly increased on arsenic exposure. Treatment with extract of C. infortunatum @ 100 mg/kg b.wt for 28 days, significantly reduced the creatinine, BUN, TLC and MDA levels and significantly increased the kidney wt., TEC, Hb% and SOD level (P ≤ 0.001) as compared to arsenic intoxicated group. The major phyto-constituents were present in the leaves i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols and terpenes. On the above findings, it can be concluded that treatment with C. infortunatum in sodium arsenite intoxication has significant role in protecting the animals from nephrotoxicity by modulating hemato-biochemical parameters and oxidative stress level.

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Algerian Aristolochia longa Flavonoids

Introduction: Aristolochia longa, is widely used as a medicinal plant, in Algerian folk medicine since ancient times and passed through the generations. This study focused on the qualitative examination of different phytochemical constituents to determine their antioxidant activities.Materials and Methods: Leaves and roots were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique using the methanol as solvent. The total phenolic and flavonoids content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with two distinct methods: DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP). Then, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was performed to analyze leaves and roots n-butanol fractions. Results: Leaves gave a significant value of polyphenols (8.580 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g DW). Whereas, n-butanol fraction flavonoids extracted from leaves was observed much highest (4.54 ± 1.94 mg CE/g DW). N-butanol fraction leaves showed a powerful scavenging activity and reducing activity with an IC50 = 0.044 ± 0.001 mg/ml and EC50 = 0.126 ± 0.041 mg/ml, respectively. The HPLC analysis of leaves and roots n-butanol fraction revealed different bioactive compounds in which they belong to the flavonoids category.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that Aristolochia longa leaves were considered as an important resource of flavonoids, which have an interesting antioxidant power.

Assessment of hyperspectral indicators related to the content of phenolic compounds and multispectral fluorescence records in chicory leaves exposed to various light environments

Hyperspectral analysis represents a powerful technique for diagnostics of morphological and chemical information from aboveground parts of the plants, but the real potential of the method in pre-screening of phenolics in leaves is still insufficiently explored. In this study, assessment of the sensitivity and reliability of non-invasive methods of various phenolic compounds, also analyzed by HPLC in chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L.) exposed to various color light pretreatments was done. The hyperspectral records in visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectra were recorded using a handheld spectrometer and relationships between the specific hyperspectral parameters and the contents of tested phenolic compounds in chicory leaves were analyzed. Moreover, the correlations between the hyperspectral parameters and related parameters derived from the multispectral fluorescence records were assessed to compare the sensitivity of both techniques. The results indicated a relatively high correlation of anthocyanin-related parameters (ARI, mARI, mACI indices) with the content of some of tested phenolic compounds (quercetin-3-gluconuride, isorhamnetine-3-gluconuride, etc.), as well as with fluorescence ANTH index. Similar trends were observed in flavonoid parameter based on the near infra-red spectral bands (700, 760 nm), which expressed a high correlation with chlorogenic acid. On the other hand, the most frequently used flavonoid (FLAVI) indices based on UV-to-blue band reflectance showed very weak correlations with phenolic compounds, as well as with fluorescence FLAV index. The detailed analysis of the correlation between reflectance and fluorescence flavonoid parameters has shown that the parameters based on spectral reflectance are sensitive to increase of UV-absorbing compounds from low to moderate values, but, unlike the fluorescence parameter, they are not useful to recognize a further increase from middle to high or very high contents. Thus, our results outlined the possibilities, but also the limits of the use of hyperspectral analysis for rapid screening phenolic content, providing a practical evidence towards more efficient production of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical use.

Ocimum Tenuiflorum As An Antiviral Agent

The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various conditions in their day-to-day practice Holy basil or Tulsi is designated as the “Queen of Herbs”, “The mother medicine of nature” and “The irreplaceable one” It is a herb with a wide range of medicinal properties Ocimum tenuiflorum (also known as Ocimum sanctum Linn or Krishna Tulsi) has been used for thousands of years in Ayurveda and Siddha practices Different parts of this plant have been traditionally used in the treatment of several ailments The antimicrobial activities of the plant against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungal and viral pathogens indicate that different extracts of this plant possess versatile anti-infective properties Along with such properties, anti-toxic;antitussive;anti-inflammatory;antimalarial;anti diabetic;immunomodulatory properties, etc have certainly designated the plant as the queen of herbs Oil of Tulsi is a good source of calcium, vitamin C and volatile substances e g eugenol, tannins, flavonoids, ursolic acid, etc It is used in skin diseases and ringworm infections Leaves of the plant are also used in bronchitis, gastric and hepatic disorders A decoction of leaves is recommended for cough, malaise and in colds It is a good mosquito repellent as well Recently, the plant was found beneficial in the treatment of cancer Antiviral activity of the plant has been demonstrated against HSV, HIV, H9N2, NDV, BHV, etc The present review incorporates a few therapeutic activities and focuses on the antiviral activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum

Selection of Superior Quality Annona Species by Means of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity

Present study evaluated different parts of (leaves, seeds, bark, roots, ripen fruits, unripen fruits) 6 species of Annona (Annona cherimola, Annona muricata L., Annona reticulata L., Annona squamosa L (green and red varieties) and Annona glabra L. by means of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in order to select superior quality species of Annona for commercial cultivation. TAC, TPC and TFC were determined using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method and colorimetric method, respectively. It was observed that all tested parts of all tested species contained appreciable amount of TAC, TPC and TFC. Significantly higher TPC were recorded in roots of custard apple (82.08±0.74a mg GAE/g DW) followed by roots of soursop (73.10±0.72b mg GAE/g DW), leaves of soursop (55.18±0.18a mg GAE/g DW) respectively. It was interesting to see that the highest TAC was observed in root extracts of soursop (194.98 mg TE/g DW followed by bark extracts of pond apple (134.37 mg TE/g DW) and leaf extracts of soursop (122.67 mg TE/g DW respectively. Total flavonoid content of leaf extracts of six different species were varied as soursops>sugar apple R>pond apple>sugar apple G> custard apple >cherimoya respectively. Strong positive correlations were observed between TAC values and TPCs of leaves, seeds, barks and roots (R² = 0.78; p<0.001). Based on the results of bioactive molecules present in different species and their parts, it could be concluded that soursop and custard apple could be recommended as superior quality Annona species for commercial cultivation.

Studies on phytoconstituents, In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of Argemone mexicana Linn. (Family: Papaveraceae)

Background: The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity of Argemone mexicana. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts of the whole plant A. mexicana were screened for phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated through 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl -hydrazyl-hydrate, and ferric reduction activity potential assays. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined. Cytotoxic properties of the extracts were studied using the cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7, and HCT-15 through cell viability and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extracts contained phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The aqueous and solvent extracts of the whole plant exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro and antibacterial activity against the tested human pathogenic bacteria. The crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Phytoconstituents from the crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited higher antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities than earlier reported annotations.

Evaluation of the antioxidant and gastric antiulcerogenic activities of the hydroalcoholic extract and leaf fractions of Solanum stipulaceum roem. and schult.

Background: An earlier ethnobotanical study showed that the species Solanum stipulaceum was indicated first in many orders for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemical profile and the antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, protective redox, and cytotoxicity activities of the hydroethanol extract (HEE) and leaf fractions of this plant. Materials and Methods: The HEE was obtained by maceration and fractionated by liquid–liquid extraction in fractions: hexane fraction, chloroform fraction (CF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and hydromethanol fraction (HMF). Phytochemical profile was evaluated by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The cellular toxicity was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In vivo antiulcerogenic activity was investigated using the ethanol-induced acute ulcer model. Afterward, protective redox activity was assessed with the plasma and liver of these animals using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Results: Tannins, free steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and flavonoids were found in HEE, and total flavonoid measured was 5.26 ± 0.23 μg/mg of the extract. The DPPH activity was higher than 70% for HEE, EAF, and CF. Treatment with HEE (200 and 400 mg/kg) and CF, EAF, and HMF (200 mg/kg) inhibited the ulcer. CF reduces gastric lesions by 88.29% (50 mg/kg) and 85.65% (100 mg/kg). The HEE (400 mg/kg), CF, and EAF (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress in the plasma and in the liver. HMF (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress only in the liver. The HEE and fractions 10–50 μg/mL (P

A phytochemical analysis and in vivo effects of an herbal aphrodisiac Newtonia hildebrandtii on male wistar rat reproductive system

Background: The study was aimed at screening phytochemicals and evaluating the effects of aqueous and 50% (v/v) methanol stem bark extracts of Newtonia hildebrandtii on male rat reproductive system. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups and were given different treatments of N. hildebrandtii extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. After 8 weeks, body and right testis weight, sperm concentration, hormonal levels, and histological structure of the testis were evaluated. Calorimetric method was used for quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds, whereas gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for fingerprinting of chemical compounds. Results: Testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly increased, whereas prolactin levels were significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the control. Sperm parameters were significantly increased compared to the control. Treated animals showed significant increases in body weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, and germinal epithelial height with the testes showing all the stages of spermatogenesis. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, steroids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of dimethylsilanediol; (R, R)-2,3-butanediol; hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane; succinimide; 1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid, 1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-ethyl-, ethyl ester; l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate; cis-13,16 docasadienoic acid, methyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester; and 2-chloro-benzoic acid N'-[2-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-2-yl)-acetyl]-hydrazide. Conclusion: N. hildebrandtii appears to possess androgenic and anabolic effects. The aforementioned phytochemicals seem to be responsible for its aphrodisiac effects. This study supports the ethno-aphrodisiac claims that have been made against it.

Kaempferol – A dietary flavonoid isolated from blepharis integrifolia

Background: Blepharis integrifolia is in the preparation of traditional formulation for the treatment of various diseases, including digestive disorders such as flatulence and dysentery. Although a very few studies have assessed the pharmacological properties, nothing is known about the phytochemicals present and the effect of extracts on its pharmacological activities. Objectives: Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to assess the role of methanol extract of B. integrifolia (MBI) for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Materials and Methods: The phytochemicals present in the extract were evaluated using high-resolution liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS). The extract and the isolated compound were subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory studies. Results: MBI exhibited an effective antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities at a more significant level than the standards. HR-LCMS analysis of MBI revealed the presence of kaempferol, rutin, and several phytochemicals. The activity-guided repeated fractionation of the methanol extract by silica gel column chromatography yielded a compound that exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Based on various physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses (ultraviolet, infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], carbon-13 NMR, and MS), the bioactive compound isolated was elucidated as 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (kaempferol). Furthermore, the molecular docking studies for kaempferol revealed that it binds β-lactamase at MEG binding site and was found to interact with binding site residues PHE91, TRP94, ASN109, MET148, GLU147, ASN36, and ILE201. Conclusion: The results from the present study suggest that the potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities observed are a result of the presence of these bioactive compounds within the extract. In addition, these results also demonstrate the antioxidant potency of kaempferol which could be the basis for its alleged health-promoting potential.

Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, phytochemical and biological study of two aizoaceae plants: A new kaempferol derivative from Trianthema portulacastrum L.

Background: Natural remedies used for the treatment of liver diseases have a major concernworldwide. Objectives: Evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of successive fractions of two Aizoaceae plants; Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Aizoon canariense L. against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. Moreover, metabolomic profiling of the successive fractions of both plants was carried out. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic activity of successive fractions of the two plants against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cell lines were evaluated using viability assay, whereas metabolomic profiling was carried out using Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS). Results: Significant cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane and n-butanol extracts of A. canariense (24.7 ± 3.5 and 55.3 ± 4.9 μg/mL, respectively) is recorded. On the other hand, metabolomic profiling of both plants resulted in dereplication of 27 metabolites belonging to different chemical classes; for example, sterols, flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, alkaloids, lignans, hydrocarbons, and nucleosides. Phytochemical study of the biologically active fractions resulted in the isolation of one new compound; kaempferol-3-O-(2''-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6''-O-E-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranosid (T1). Biological testing of the isolated compounds indicated significant activity of T1 against HCC (IC50 =7.19 ± 0.27 μg/mL). Conclusion: Phytochemicals isolated from T. portulacastrum L and A. canariense L. may be responsible for their cytotoxic activity against HCC HepG2 cell lines.

STUDYING THE POSSIBILITY OF USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF HONEY AS ANTIOXIDANT

As a result of the study of the content of phenols, flavonoids, antiradical activity according to the method with 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent, restoring forces according to the method with FRAP reagent (2,4,6-tri- (2-pyridyl) –1,3,5-triazine) for eleven types of Russian honey: Chestnut, Forbs, Thyme, Taiga, Mountain, Sunflower, Flower, Linden, Buckwheat, Donnikovy, Lugovoi, 2017–2018, purchased in retail chains of Samara, the most promising objects were selected – honey Thyme, Buckwheat, Sunflower, which can be recommended not only for use as an independent additional source of substances with antioxidant activity in the diet of Russians, but also for inclusion in the composition of food products as a component with directed antioxidant functional action.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of bark (powder) extracts of Ficus religiosa (peepal) plant

The traditional medicine involves the use of various different plant extracts or the bioactive constituents. The study such as ethno medicine keenly r presents the best avenues in searching new economic plants for medicine. This type of study gives the health application at affordable cost. The present study carried out to find out the phytochemical constituents in the Ficus religiosa bark. The Ficus religiosa was collected from the Rama University Campus. The shadow dried bark materials were grained and extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and ethanol: water (50: 50). Photochemical analysis was carried out according to standard procedures. The bark powder was successively extracted ith Phytochemical screening shows the presence of carbohydrate, glycoside, alk loid, protein, amino acid, phytosterol, tannin & flavonoids. The result of the study could be useful for description and phytochemical analysis of the plant.

Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine on Morphogenesis and Production Process of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine on Morphogenesis and Production Process of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)