Flavonoids In Propolis Research Articles

Flavonoids in honey of different geographical origin

The flavonoids present in honey samples from different geographical areas (Europe, North America, Equatorial regions, South America, China and Australia) have been analysed by HPLC. These flavonoids are incorporated into honey from propolis, nectar or pollen. As a general rule, honey samples from the Northern Hemisphere (where poplars, the source of propolis, are native) show flavonoid profiles characterized by the presence of propolis flavonoids. In contrast, honey samples from most Equatorial regions and Australia are generally devoid of propolis-derived flavonoids, showing only flavonoids from other plant sources. However, several honey samples from Central and South America and from New Zealand do contain the flavonoids characteristic of propolis. This means that importedApis mellifera colonies may locate poplar trees, occasionally finding an imported specimen in gardens or agro-industrial exploitations, and incorporate propolis flavonoids into honey. These preliminary results show that flavonoid analysis could be used as an adjunct to geographical origin studies of honey.

Gas chromatographic analysis of underivatized phenolic constituents from propolis using an electron-capture detector

Underivatized phenolic constituents from propolis (flavonoid aglycones, phenolic acids and their esters) were analysed by capillary gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector. The analysis was possible because of the good electron-capture response of these compounds, which belong to the so-called “conjugated electrophores”.

Flavonoids of ?La Alcarria? honey A study of their botanical origin

The flavonoids present in ten selected samples of “La Alcarria” honey with different pollen compositions have been HPLC analysed in order to establish if correlations between botanical origin and flavonoid profiles are possible. A common flavonoid pattern is observed in the different samples showing that pollen is not the main source of honey flavonoids. A close correlation between the flavonoid patterns of honey flavonoids and propolis flavonoids has been found suggesting that flavonoid analysis could be more useful in geographical origin determinations than in botanical origin studies.

A Study on Flavonoids of Propolis

A Study on Flavonoids of Propolis