Extraction Of Flavonoids Research Articles

Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic and Acetone Extracts of Pictacia palaestina, Verbena triphylla and Nigella sativum

ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of the study was to estimate the antioxidant characteristics of methanolic and acetone extracts of Pistacia palaestina, Verbena triphylla, and Nigella sativa. Materials and Methods: The biochemical antioxidant assays that used were total phenols and flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. Results: The maximum antioxidant capacity and the ferric-reducing power of the examined plant extracts were shown in P. palaestina/methanol whereas N. sativa L./methanol was the lowest. The maximum scavenging activity of DPPH was shown in N. sativa L./acetone (IC50 = 2688 μg/ml), followed by, V. triphylla/acetone (IC50 = 573.5 μg/ml), N. sativa/methanol (IC50 = 437.7 μg/ml), V. triphylla/methanol (IC50 = 64 μg/ml), and P. palaestina methanol and acetone extracts (IC50 = 9.5 μ/g) being the lowest. Conclusion: The findings with methanol extract of P. palaestina methanol shown the highest antioxidant property which and can be due to the presence of high quantity of phenols and flavonoids in the methanol extract of this plant; moreover, N. sativa acetone extract has maximum DPPH-free radical scavenging activity. This may be because the acetone extract demonstrated capabilities to scavenge radicals remarkably for Nigella sativa L seeds.

The study of the natural substances obtained from the poplar buds and their use for protection against the action of ionizing radiation

Currently, natural plant extracts, which include biologically active substances, are increasingly used to produce medicines and cosmetics. In connection with the dangers of a radioecological crisis, special attention is paid to finding ways to protect against the effects of chronic exposure to low-intensity ionizing radiation in natural conditions. Currently, there is no ideal and safe radioprotective agent available, and we are seeing a great effort to find these agents from natural sources. Poplar extract is possible for use as a radioprotective shield from γ-radiation. Samples of protective screens were made from poplar extract on paper and showed a significant radioprotective effect. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are widely present in plants as a second metabolite and are considered for research depending on their benefits for human health, healing and preventing many disorders. The main biologically active properties of flavonoids include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, rejuvenating, antibacterial and viral, neuroprotective and radioprotective action. The aim of this work was – the study of Flavonoids in an extract obtained from poplar buds and the possibility of their use for protection against radiation. Materials and methods. The object of research is the vegetative organs of poplar (buds). In the process of work, experimental studies were carried out on the extraction and separation of natural compounds, identification of flavonoids, and study of the chemical composition of biologically active complexes of poplar and preparations based on them. Research results. Data from these studies provide the identification of flavonoids by spectroscopy and quantification of flavonoids in poplar bud extract and can contribute to the optimization of radioprotection procedures. The main components found in the poplar buds dry extract are 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone – are 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone – 2,67 %, 3,4-dihydro-2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone – 2,33 %, pinobaxin -1,91 %, chrysin – 0,76 %, pinostrobin – 0,04 %, pinocembrin – 0,61 %, tectochrysin- 0,54 % and galangin – 0,18 % of dry material. The results showed that the power of the penetrating radiation decreases with increasing the thickness of the protective screen. The power of penetrating radiation decreased from 78 % at the layer of 0.5 mm to 10 % at 3 mm layer thickness. Further increasing the thickness of the protective screen (> 3 mm), doesn’t affect the dose rate. Conclusions. The composition of the poplar buds' ethanol extract was investigated. Samples of protective screens made on the basis of poplar extract on paper showed a significant radioprotective effect on low-intensity ionizing radiation

Optimization of the Extraction of Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Argania spinosa Leaves using Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of the Extraction of Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Argania spinosa Leaves using Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of Cellulase-Assisted Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Equisetum via Response Surface Methodology Based on Antioxidant Activity

Flavonoids are one of the most essential compounds in various plants. This study used the cellulase-assisted method to extract flavonoid-enriched antioxidants from Equisetum arvense L. (EAL). According to a three-factor and three-level central composite design, the response surface methodology was used to obtain the maximum total flavonoid yield, thereby providing the most potent antioxidant activity of EAL extracts. The results indicated that the optimal condition for the total flavonoid extraction was 0.52% (base substrate) enzyme concentration and enzymolysis for 50.58 min at 49.03 °C. The extraction rate of flavonoids from horsetail reached 4.88 mg/g under these optimal conditions. The yield was 51.23% higher than that from the traditional solid–liquid extraction method. The highest DPPH-scavenging ability of the extracts obtained under 0.50% enzyme concentration and enzymolysis for 49.41 min at 46.59 °C was 77.36%. HPLC results revealed that the antioxidant substances had diverse flavonoids. Thus, the extraction condition was consistent for antioxidant activity and total flavonoids. Therefore, the current study provided an efficient method to extract flavonoid compounds from EAL, facilitating technical support for utilizing the plant.

Phytochemical, Antioxidant potential and ftir analysis on the matured leaves of Camellia Oleifera abel

Phytochemicals are physiologically active compounds and are derived from plants. Majority of the phytochemicals have been known to bear therapeutic activities like antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antispasmodic, anticancer, hepatoprotective etc. The aim of this study is to evaluate the phytochemicals in the matured leaves of Camellia oleifera belonging to the family Theaceae. The phytochemicals were extracted from the dried matured leaves of C. oleifera using solvent extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols and flavonoids in the ethanolic extract. Further the antioxidant property of the leaf extract was carried out using standard procedure. The extract was subjected to FTIR analysis. The study shows that the ethanolic extracts possess secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties that are therapeutically valuable.

Energy Aspects of Flavonoid Extraction from Rowanberry Fruits Using Pulsed Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of the dimensions of extraction cells on the energy aspects and extraction efficiency of flavonoids from rowanberry fruits (S. aucuparia L.). The total flavonoid content was determined using the spectrophotometric method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the variables under investigation. The flavonoid content in the obtained extracts ranged from 0.17 to 0.66 mg QE/g dry matter for cells with a diameter of 3.5 cm, and from 0.19 to 0.7 mg QE/g dry matter for cells with a diameter of 2.5 cm, depending on the other experimental conditions. The energy consumption during extraction in the 3.5 cm diameter cell ranged from 0.451 kJ to 26.120 kJ, while for the 2.5 cm diameter cell, it ranged from 0.637 kJ to 25.677 kJ. The unit energy consumption for the 3.5 cm diameter cell ranged from 1.47 kJ/mg QE/g to 48.92 kJ/mg QE/g. For the 2.5 cm diameter cell, these values ranged from 2.17 kJ/mg QE/g to 40.64 kJ/mg QE/g. Significant effects of the dimensions of the extraction cells on flavonoid yield and unit energy consumption were observed, while there was no impact on electricity consumption. The dimensions of the extraction cells were also found to influence the form of the obtained empirical models.

Efficient extraction and excellent activity of flavonoid from Moringa oleifera leaves and its microencapsulation

The choline chloride-to-glycerin (ChCl/Gly) as a kind of deep eutectic solvent was used to extract flavonoids from Moringa oleifera leaves (FMOL), and the extraction rate of FMOL reached 70.4 ± 0.47 mg/g dw under the optimal extraction condition. Ten flavonoids have been identified, and one of them was first reported in MOL. The antioxidant activities, antibacterial activities, anti-tumor activities of FMOL were singly investigated. IC50 of FMOL for DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity were 74.6 ± 1.05 and 9.5 ± 0.23 μg/mL, respectively, and the FRAP of FMOL was 14.85 ± 0.43 mg TE/g dw, which were all better than Vc. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FMOL on five bacteria was less than 1.25 mg/mL which was lower than propyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Results from MTT and cellular apoptosis indicated that FMOL possessed certain antitumor activity, although slightly weaker than genistein. Additionally, xylose-modified soy protein isolate was used as wall material to encapsulate FMOL to enhance its bioaccessibility in small intestine. Microencapsulation increased the bioaccessibility of FMOL by 7.4 times compared to free FMOL, indicating that microencapsulation can help FMOL can assist in the slow release of FMOL during digestion. Therefore, FMOL has favorable bioactivity, and microencapsulation may enrich its application.

Rhaphiolepis indica Fruit Extracts for Control Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani, the Causal Agents of Bean Root Rot

Numerous strategies have been suggested to reduce dependence on synthetic products, such as physical, microbial, and natural methods. Among the natural remedies, plant extracts have emerged as a popular option owing to their eco-friendly character, ease of degradation, and harmless nature to humans. In our study, we used the acetone and hexane extracts of Rhaphiolepis indica fruit to combat two fungal pathogens that were isolated from infected bean plants and showed root rot symptoms. The two pathogens were confirmed to be pathogenic by pathogenicity assays conducted in vivo. The morphological and molecular identification by ITS-region sequencing revealed that the two isolates were Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani, and they were assigned accession numbers OQ880457 and OQ820158, respectively. Our data showed that both hexane and acetone extracts caused a significant decrease in the linear growth of F. solani at all concentrations used (1%, 2%, and 3%), compared to the control. However, at a concentration of 3%, the hexane extract caused much greater inhibition than the acetone extract. For R. solani, the hexane extract, shows a significant inhibition percentage at all concentrations, which further increases to 85.24% at 3% concentration. The HPLC of both extracts indicated the presence and absence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The obtained results revealed that five acetonic phenolic extract compounds were ferulic, p-coumaric, gallic, p-OH benzoic, and cinnamic, with concentrations of 5.31, 10.36, 7.24, 6.08, and 0.89 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the five hexanoic phenolic compounds were catechol, caffeic, chlorogenic, p-OH benzoic, and cinnamic acids, with concentrations of 3.66, 5.14, 0.69, 6.31, and 13.47 mg/mL, respectively. The identified acetonic flavonoid extract compounds, namely rutin, chrysin, quercetin, kaempferol, chrysoeriol, 7-OH flavone, and naringin, had respective concentrations of 5.36, 10.23, 4.32, 15.33, 1.06, 0.087, and 0.069 mg/mL, respectively. In contrast, it was observed that the seven hexanoic flavonoid extracts comprised of rutin, quercetin, kampferol, luteolin, chrysoeriol, 7-OH flavone, and catechin exhibited concentrations of 5.36, 7.15, 18.20, 6.04, 2.04, 10.24, and 13.43 mg/mL, respectively. The results of the study suggest that plant extracts may be a useful natural remedy for combating fungal pathogens and reducing dependence on synthetic products.

Successive Solvent Extraction of Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Cistus creticus L. Leaves

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of successive extraction (using solvents of increasing polarity, namely hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water) of polyphenols from Cistus creticus L. The results were compared with the ones obtained from a single-solvent extraction (ethanol, water, and 50% ethanol: water). According to the results, each solvent used for extraction had a significant effect on the yield of extracted polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The highest extraction yield for successive extraction was achieved with ethanol (95.33 mg GAE/g), whereas a comparable amount could also be extracted with 50% ethanol: water mixture single-solvent extraction (96.51 mg GAE/g). The ethanolic and aqueous extracts had the highest antioxidant activity as indicated by their lowest IC50 values in the DPPH assay, specifically 350.99 μg/mL for ethanolic extract of successive extraction and 341.18 μg/mL for 50% ethanol: water mixture of single-solvent extraction, followed by the extract produced using acetone. However, the acetone extract contained more flavonoids than the other two extracts up to 28.03 mg QE/g. The results obtained were in line with those for the single-solvent extraction. It is concluded that using a range of solvents in succession is a more efficient way of extracting higher amounts of antioxidant compounds with varying antioxidant activity.

GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS OF EXTRACTS OF POPULUS POPULUS BALSAMIFERA BUDS

Currently, the urgent task is to accelerate the development of alternative plant protection measures, which is associated with the aggravation of the environmental situation, the desire to reduce pollution of agricultural landscapes and obtain agricultural products with minimal use of agrochemicals. Poplar extract is a plant growth stimulant due to the presence in its composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, lipids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, amino acids, essential oils, vitamins, which provide a stable growth-stimulating effect. The advantages of biological preparations, based on balsamic poplar, include their low cost, the absence of a negative effect on plant productivity, high specificity, low toxicity. The main difference between biological preparations and other plant protection products is that they are able to stimulate the natural protective abilities of the plants themselves, thereby affecting harmful organisms. The use of such drugs is one of the ways to solve environmental problems in agriculture and a powerful means of increasing the effectiveness of both plant protection from phytopathogens and crop production in general. The purpose is to evaluate the stimulating activity of the extracts of the buds of poplar balsamic Populusbalsamifera on the seed productivity of flax. The objecvtives: to isolate the sum of flavonoids from balsamic poplar; to establish the growth-stimulating activity of the extract of the buds of balsamic poplar in relation to flax seeds. Methodology. The method of obtaining the proposed balsamic poplar extract includes the use of balsamic poplar buds, air drying, grinding, extraction with 90% ethanol in a Soxlet apparatus, filtration and evaporation until the target product is obtained. The results. The obtained results and conclusions. In the course of the study, flavonoids have been isolated from the buds of balsamic poplar. The presence of flavonoids in the ethanol extract is confirmed by qualitative reactions. The composition of poplar kidney extract has been investigated by thin-layer chromatography. Conclusion. It has been found that the extract from the poplar buds mainly contains substances of a flavonoid nature. The results of studying the growth-stimulating activity of the extracts of balsamic poplar Populusbalsamifera showed high seed productivity of flax of Tomsk selection in the control group; reproduction conditions have positively affected the yield of flax.

Phytochemical Profiling and Invitro Antioxidant Potential of Clitoria ternatea Linn seeds.

Clitoria ternatea commonly known as Butterfly pea is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is used in ayurvedic medicine because of its multipotent bioactive molecules. All parts of the plant have medicinal properties and are used for hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The present study was aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening and invitro antioxidant potential of Clitoria ternatea seed extracts. For phytochemical profiling ethanol and aqueous solvents were used to detect the various compounds. In aqueous extract of C. ternatea Saponins, Qinines, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Cardiac Glycoside Phenols and Anthocyanin were present. In ethanolic extract Quinines, Flavonoids, Cardiac Glycoside, Terpenoids, Phenols, Coumarin and Betacyanin were present. The presence of different phytocompounds in the plant extracts are responsible for the various pharmacological properties. The antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The seed extracts of C.ternatea showed strong antioxidant activity. The presence of significant amount of phytochemicals, phenolic and flavonoid contents in the seeds are responsible for the in vitro antioxidant activity of Clitoria ternatea. The study concluded that the Clitoria ternatea seeds could be a potential source of natural antioxidants for pharmacological preparations which can be used to prevent the oxidative stress related degenerative diseases.

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Lactuca indica L. cv. Mengzao and their antioxidant properties.

In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of flavonoids from Lactuca indica L.cv. Mengzao (LIM) leaves was optimized, and the flavonoids content and their antioxidant potential in different parts were analyzed. The optimal extraction parameters to obtain the highest total flavonoids content (TFC) were a a ratio of liquid to solid of 24.76 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 411.43 W, ethanol concentration of 58.86% and an extraction time of 30 min, the average TFC of LIM leaves could reach 48.01 mg/g. For the yield of flavonoids, the UAE method had the best extraction capacity compared with solvent extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). In general, the TFC in different parts of LIM followed the order flower > leaf > stem > root, the flowering period is the most suitable harvesting period. From ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) quantification, the flower samples showed significantly higher six flavonoids and had the highest radical scavenging capacities compared to other samples. A high positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity and TFC, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and rutin were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with all antioxidant evaluations. This study provides valuable information for the development and utilization of flavonoids in Lactuca indica as ingredients in food, feed and nutritional health products.

A Review on Hepatotoxic Effects of Methotrexate Therapy with Possible Strategies that May Counteract Hepatotoxicity

Methotrexate, inhibitor of a dihydrofolate reductase, is a chemotherapeutic treatment applied in many kinds of tumors as an anti-metabolite. also, Methotrexate applied to treat different other disorders, including diseases of autoimmunity, such as psoriasis, rheumatism, vasculitis and ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. However, Methotrexate induces toxic effects on neurons, kidney toxicity, and liver damage, also Methotrexate have been associated with elevation risk of hepatic injury, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Methotrexate work as a dihydrofolic acid analog that binds to the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme that prevent the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid, that is essential synthesis of DNA. Although folic acid combine with Methotrexate therapy to prevent hepatotoxic effects, folic acid may reduce therapeutic effects of Methotrexate so recent research focus incorporation of new agent to counteract Methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity that include vitamin B12, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, Erdosteine, inulin, Ferulic acid, Human placental extract, Natural plant extract (flavonoids). These agents are promising to counteract Methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature review on different published articles hepatotoxic effects of methotrexate and was carried out by electronic research on Medline, PubMed, Google scholar, and Cochrane Libran data bases using different searching terms related to prevention of methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity. The article focusses on clinical studies in different regions in the period of 2018-2022. Objective: To search for new update modality preventive therapy for methotrexate induced liver damage Results: Recent study oriented for the prevention and treatment of methotrexate associated with hepatotoxicity.

Hydrogen incorporation into solvents can improve the extraction of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidants: A case-study using red beetroot

Different methods are used for extracting phytochemicals from plant produce. Some ‎methods require sophisticated and expensive instruments, while others need multiple steps ‎and specialist equipment, leading to an increase in energy, solvents, cost, and time. Here, the effect of incorporating hydrogen (H2) into solvents (that is water, ethanol, ‎methanol) on the extraction of flavonoids (TFC), phenolics (TPC), anthocyanins ‎‎(TAC), and antioxidants (DPPH and ABTS), as well as the extraction yield from red ‎beetroot, were evaluated. The biggest extraction yield was with the use of H2-rich ‎methanol (HRM) (24.32%). Incorporating H2 into water, ethanol, and methanol ‎led to a significant increase in TPC by 77.34%, 39.02% and 89.07%, in the TFC by ‎‎43.30%, 50.5% and 88.87%, in the TAC by 92.62%, 199.5% and 257.41%. DPPH ‎scavenging activity increased by 6.49%, 7.05% and 12.15%, and ABTS scavenging ‎activity by 3.93%, 9.82% and 15.05%, respectively. The extraction of individual ‎phenolic compounds, using various solvents, were different for each compound ‎investigated, with HPLC analysis showing that the levels of some phenolics increased ‎when H2 was incorporated into the solvents. ‎This method, i.e., addition of H2 gas, is ‎suggested as a relatively cheap and practical method for increasing the extraction of ‎phytochemicals using an eco-friendly method.

Citrus flavonoid extracts alter the profiling of rumen antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors of dairy cows.

Citrus flavonoid extracts (CFE) have the potential to reduce rumen inflammation, improve ruminal function, and enhance production performance in ruminants. Our previous studies have investigated the effects of CFE on the structure and function of rumen microbiota in dairy cows. However, it remains unclear whether CFE affects the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and virulence factors genes (VFG) in the rumen. Therefore, metagenomics was used to identify the rumen ARG and VFG in lactating dairy cows fed with CFE diets. The results showed that CFE significantly reduced the levels of Multidrug and Antiphagocytosis in the rumen (p < 0.05) and increased the levels of Tetracycline, Iron uptake system, and Magnesium uptake system (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes were found to have associations with the phylum Lentisphaerae. It was concluded that CFE could be utilized as a natural plant product to regulate virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of rumen microbiota, thereby improving rumen homeostasis and the health of dairy cows.

Optimization of microwave assisted extraction and biological activities of total flavonoids from grape seed using response surface methodology

Aiming to reduce the environmental contamination and resource wastage generated by discarded grape seed, the management of discarded grape seed should be carried out and their potential bioactivities and pharmacological properties ought to be exploited to the fullest extent possible. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was employed to further optimize microwave-assisted extraction setting for grape seed total flavonoids (GSFE). In addition, the extract (GSFE) of total flavonoids obtained were refined through AB-8 macroporous resin for obtaining more pure flavonoid (GSFP) with determination of their in vitro hypoglycemic activity and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that following optimized extraction conditions were achieved: ethanol concentration 50% liquid-solid ratio 21:1 mL/g, microwave power 540 W, microwave time 126 s. Below mentioned conditions, the extraction yield reached an average experimental value (1.979 mg/g), representing 1.69 times higher than that of water extraction (1.17 mg/g). In contrast to GSFE, the purity of GSFE after purification (GSFP) exhibited a high degree of purity at 13.753 mg/g, representing nearly 2.50 times that of GSFE (3.926 mg/g). GSFP possessed high α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities as well as DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging activities with an IC50 value of 0.00641, 0.0257, 0.0669 and 0.0708 mg/mL, inferior to that of GSFE (0.0514, 0.186, 0.129 and 0.223 mg/g). Within present work, the microwave technique for extraction of total flavonoids from grape seeds was investigated with an efficient and cost-effective extraction method. Total flavonoids of grape seeds have certain in vitro blood glucose and antioxidant activity, and the purified total flavonoid biological activity has improved, laying the foundation for further study of its pharmacological activity.

Preparation of polyvinyl pyrrolidone stationary phase and its application in separation and analysis of flavonoids

AbstractPolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is known as a polymer with special adsorption properties for polyphenolic compounds. In this paper, chemical‐bonded stationary phase (PVP@Silica) was prepared and applied to the separation of flavonoids. System constants determined by linear solvation energy relationships with methanol–water mixtures as the mobile show that the column can provide stronger hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction than C18 column. Under reversed‐phase conditions, traditional flavonoids have much longer retention on PVP@Silica than on C18 column with methanol–water mobile phase due to multimodal retention mechanism, including hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction. In addition, a U‐shaped retention curve was observed in acetonitrile–water mobile phase because of the enhanced hydrogen bonding under the high proportion of acetonitrile. The selectivity to polyhydroxy structure gives the stationary phase unique separation ability for flavonoids. The separation orthogonality was further investigated by a sample set containing 33 flavonoids with different substitution structures. The (RP‐PVP@Silica)‐(RP‐C18) system exhibited 60% orthogonality metric (OM) for these flavonoids with methanol–water mobile phase. A high OM of 63.5% was achieved in (RP‐PVP@Silica)‐(HILIC‐PVP@Silica) system. Finally, PVP@Silica was applied to the purification of total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). The offline (RP‐PVP@Silica)‐(RP‐C18) two‐dimensional separation system was used for the analysis of flavonoids in GBE.

Total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity of thalictrum foetidum

The objective of the present study was to determine the total content of phenolics and flavonoids in extracts of Thalictrum foetidum. The total phenolic content was estimated spectrophotometrically using Folin Ciocalteu method. The total content of flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometric analysis, based on the measurement of the absorption of the complex of aluminum chloride with flavonoids. The antioxidant effects of the extracts Thalictrum foetidum were investigated.

Optimisation of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and biological activity of total flavonoids from leaves of Murrayae exotica using response surface methodology

ABSTRACT Murrayae exotica is a traditional Chinese medicine widely grown in southeast China. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was employed to further optimise ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions for M. exotica leaves total flavonoids (MELTF). The results showed that the optimised extraction conditions were an ultrasonic power of 240 W, an ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C, a solvent concentration of 76%, an ultrasonic time of 55 min and a liquid–solid ratio of 22 mL · g−1. Under these conditions, 8.59 ± 0.34 mg · g−1 was achieved as the mean experimental value of extraction yield, which amounts to 2.56 times that of ethanol leaching extraction. As compared to MELTF, MELTF after purification (MELPTF) had a higher purity of 9.96%, which was nearly nine times higher than that of MELTF (1.26%). As compared to MELTF, MELPTF had higher α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities as well as DPPH· and ABTS·+ scavenging activities with IC50 values of 0.021, 0.094, 0.245 and 0.113 mg · mL−1, which are 1.33, 2.12, 3.17 and 1.78 times higher than those of MELTF (0.028, 0.199, 0.777 and 0.201 mg · mL−1). The study thus demonstrates the eligibility of MELPTF to be considered as a multifunctional bioactive ingredient having potential applications in anti-hyperglycaemic pharmaceutical formulation and as an antioxidant in functional foods.

In vitro and in vivo Inhibitory Activity of C-glycoside Flavonoid Extracts from Mung Bean Coat on Pancreatic Lipase and α-glucosidase.

Mung bean is a kind of legume commonly eaten by human. In the present study, a HPLC method for analyzing of two C-glycoside flavonoids, isovitexin and vitexin, in Mung bean was developed. Results showed that the flavonoids are mainly existed in Mung bean coat (MBC), while kernel contains very trace. The extraction of C-glycoside flavonoids from MBC was optimized. MBC extracts with isovitexin and vitexin contents of 29.0 ± 0.28% and 35.8 ± 0.19% were obtained with yield of 1.6 ± 0.21%. MBC extracts exhibited inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.147mg/ml and 0.226mg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics revealed that MBC extracts showed mixed-type inhibition on these enzymes. Fluorescence quenching titration confirmed the binding of MBC extracts with the enzyme proteins. In vivo study revealed that pre-administration with MBC extracts significantly reduced the triglyceride absorption. Furthermore, it also improved postprandial hyperglycemia in rats through the inhibition of α-glucosidase.