Flat Contour Research Articles

Pupillometry reveals effects of pitch manipulation within and across words on listening effort and short-term memory.

For individuals with hearing loss, even successful speech communication comes at a cost. Cochlear implants transmit degraded information, specifically for voice pitch, which demands extra and sustained listening effort. The current study hypothesized that abnormal pitch patterns contribute to the additional listening effort, even in non-tonal language native speaking normally hearing listeners. We manipulated the fundamental frequency (F0)within and across words, while participants listen and repeat (simple intelligibility task), or listen, repeat, and later recall (concurrent encoding task) the words. In both experiments, the F0 manipulations resulted in small changes in intelligibility but no difference in free recall or subjective effort ratings. Pupillary metrics were yet sensitive to these manipulations: pupil dilations were larger when words were monotonized (flat contour) or inverted (the natural contour flipped upside-down), and larger when successive words were organized into a melodic pattern. The most likely interpretation is that the natural or expected F0 contour of a word contributes to its identity and facilitate its matching and retrieval from the phonological representation stored in long-term memory. Consequently, degrading words' F0 contour can result in extra listening effort. Our results call for solutions to improve pitch saliency and naturalness in future development of cochlear implants' signal processing strategies, even for non-tonal languages.

Sensory intelligence for extraction of abstract auditory rules from a speech sound stream in children with cochlear implants

ObjectiveSensory intelligence in the brain helps listeners automatically extract abstract auditory rules formed by invariant acoustic features from complex speech sound streams, presumably serving as the neural basis for speech comprehension. However, whether this intelligence is deficient in children with cochlear implants (CIs) remains unclear. MethodsMandarin Chinese monosyllables shared a flat lexical tone contour to form an abstract auditory rule but differed in other acoustic features to construct a complex speech sound stream. The abstract rule was occasionally violated by monosyllables with a rising or falling lexical tone. ResultsIn normal hearing (NH) children, the abstract auditory rule could be extracted, as revealed by a mismatch negativity (MMN) and a late discriminative negativity (LDN). However, the MMN and LDN were only evoked in CI children with good hearing and speech performance. NH children with a higher speech perception or spatial hearing score had a greater MMN. The LDN was attenuated with increasing age in NH children. ConclusionsThe sensory intelligence for extraction of auditory abstract rules, associated with speech perception, is deficient in CI children. This intelligence may gradually develop during childhood and adolescence. SignificanceDeficient sensory intelligence in CI children may aid in understanding poor speech comprehension in complex environments.

Technique for Soft Tissue Modification for Pontic Reception: A Case Report

Background The article discusses a technique for modifying the pontic site when replacing missing maxillary incisors in the anterior esthetic zone. In such cases, patient concern often centres around esthetics, especially considering factors like smile lines and the display of incisors. The esthetic zone may extend to the entire clinical crown and involve the surrounding soft tissue, particularly if the patient has a high smile line.  Case Summary The emergence profile is highlighted as a crucial aspect when dealing with pontics in the esthetic zone. The emergence profile refers to the way the pontic emerges from the gingival tissue, and it significantly influences the overall esthetics of the restoration.  Conclusion The technique described in this case report involves converting a flat gingival contour into a concave receptor site for the desired pontic without soft tissue grafting. This modification aims to enhance the emergence profile, contributing to a more natural and esthetically pleasing outcome when replacing missing maxillary incisors in the anterior esthetic zone.

WAYS OF INCREASING OF LOADING CAPACITY OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE SHALLOW SHELLS WITH A FLAT RECTANGULAR CONTOUR

Shallow shells with variable curvature, prestressing contour and fixed above by horizontal reinforcing of two opposite contour elements are considered in the given article. These two offered ways practically produces non-moment state and increase loading capacity of the shallow shells several times. Method of definition of loading capacity of the shallow shells with a flat rectangular contour was worked out, and it's aim consists of that initial moment state before loss of loading capacity is described by nonlinear differential equations of the theory of the shallow shells. And then accentuating the main part of the solution of equations we receive the linear system of homogeneous differential equations with variable coefficients. The solution of the linearizated equations enables to define the forms of losing of loading capacity of shallow shells.

Tunable anisotropic van der Waals films of 2M-WS2 for plasmon canalization

In-plane anisotropic van der Waals materials have emerged as a natural platform for anisotropic polaritons. Extreme anisotropic polaritons with in-situ broadband tunability are of great significance for on-chip photonics, yet their application remains challenging. In this work, we experimentally characterize through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements a van der Waals plasmonic material, 2M-WS2, capable of supporting intrinsic room-temperature in-plane anisotropic plasmons in the far and mid-infrared regimes. In contrast to the recently revealed natural hyperbolic plasmons in other anisotropic materials, 2M-WS2 supports canalized plasmons with flat isofrequency contours in the frequency range of ~ 3000-5000 cm−1. Furthermore, the anisotropic plasmons and the corresponding isofrequency contours can be reversibly tuned via in-situ ion-intercalation. The tunable anisotropic and canalization plasmons may open up further application perspectives in the field of uniaxial plasmonics, such as serving as active components in directional sensing, radiation manipulation, and polarization-dependent optical modulators.

Системный подход к обучению студентов возможностям современных систем автоматизированного проектирования

The article describes a systematic approach that is used at the Department of Engineering Graphics at Bauman Moscow State Technical University to teach students the possibilities of modern computer-aided design systems.
 
 A methodology for teaching the basics of creating solid-state geometric models of parts and drawings in the Compass-3D system based on a systematic approach is presented. The structure and content of classes are described. The educational materials are developed on the basis of the students' knowledge of stereometry acquired at school and the knowledge gained during the parallel study of the engineering graphics section "Projection drawing".
 
 Examples of practical tasks for students' independent work are given. The training begins with the construction of a flat contour, which is used as basis of a three-dimensional model. When constructing a contour, students practice to create the basic primitives that make up the contour, and superimposing geometric and dimensional dependencies on the primitives. The construction of solid-state models begins with the modeling of simple geometric bodies: a prism, a pyramid, a body of rotation. This allows students to focus on practicing shaping operations, and to better navigate the toolbars. Then, students consolidate their knowledge and skills in building models of more complex shapes, similar in design to mechanical engineering parts of two classes: "body of rotation" and "non-body of rotation". Students create electronic drawings based on the constructed models. At the same time, the following is being worked out: creating images in the drawing – views, sections, sections; applying dimensions while maintaining an associative connection with the part model; using drawing design elements.
 
 Examples of control tasks for editing created models and drawings are given, which are necessary for students to acquire skills important for engineering practice.
 
 It is noted that the acquired knowledge and skills can be used by students in further education. The proposed methodology can be recommended for use in the system of secondary and secondary vocational education.

3D scanning in Cultural Heritage: model creation and digital restoration of the tombstone of the bishop Vasilije Petrović (Negosh) in Saint Petersburg

3D laser and optical scanning techniques are widely employed in Cultural Heritage preservation for documenting pieces of different sizes and shapes. However, due to limitations of the methods available today, the results obtained vary according to different characteristics of the object under study. External surfaces showing very smooth features make the capturing process and the posterior processing a more elaborate task, requiring special attention and additional retouching to improve the final 3D model. Tombstones are a typical example of this type of objects, combining both flat external contours and refined outlines. In this work the procedure of creation of the digital model of the tombstone of the bishop Vasilije Petrović (Negosh) is described, a piece of art which combines both technical and historical importance. Post-processing steps required involved different software (Geomagic Design X, ZBrush, Adobe Photoshop) for surface correction and cleaning, details and photorealistic texture improvements and lost material restoration.

Značaj ultrasonografije u praćenju multiplih fibroadenoma dojke

Introduction: Regular ultrasonographic check-ups help in early detection and follow-up of different diseases. Ultrasonography (US) is of the utmost diagnostic importance for mammographically "dense breasts", where glandular tissue is predominant, while in so-called "fat breasts" it is less reliable. It is used to determine the solid or cystic nature of a lesion, often tissue characterization, and the Doppler technique could reveal vascularization characteristics of the mass. Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumors in women of all ages until menopause, with the highest incidence between 15 and 25 years of age. The US detects distinctly circumscribed, rarely round or lobular, hypoechoic masses with smooth and flat contours, uniform echoes with posterior augmentation, and marginal echo fading. Case report: We presented a female patient aged 21, who had multiple lesions in both breasts (25 lesions in total). Ultrasonographic exams were performed multiple times, in the last 5 years, and magnetic resonance (NMR) was done twice. Histopathologic verification diagnosed fibroadenomas. The biggest masses were surgically removed four times in this patient. What are the next steps? Are surgical interventions needed again, and if not how should she be followed up in the future? Is the implant insertion eligible for the sake of esthetic correction? Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a very significant and important method of follow-up of breast lesions. Mammography and magnetic resonance are used as complementary methods. According to a radiologist's expert opinions on breast diseases, ultrasonographic exams every six months and NMR may indicate the need for surgical intervention, especially if new lesions are detected or existing lesions are growing fast.

Inkjet printing high mobility indium-zinc-tin oxide thin film transistor

Metal oxide thin film transistor has been widely used in flat panel display industry because of its low leakage current, high mobility and large area uniformity. Besides, with the development of printed display technology, inkjet printing process can fabricate the customizable patterns on diverse substrates with no need of vacuum or lithography to be used, thus significantly reducing cost and receiving more and more attention. In this paper, we use inkjet printing technology to prepare a bottom gate bottom contact thin film transistor (TFT) by using indium-zinc-tin-oxide (IZTO) semiconductor. The surface morphology of the printed IZTO film is modified by adjusting the solvent composition and solute concentration of the printing precursor ink. The experimental result show that the use of binary solvents can effectively overcome the coffee ring shape caused by the accumulation of solute edge in the volatilization process of a single solvent, ultimately presenting a uniform and flat contour surface. Further increase in solute concentration is in favor of formation of convex surface topology. The reason for the formation of the flat surface of the oxide film is the balance between the inward Marangoni reflux of the solute and the outward capillary flow during volatilization. In addition, IZTO thin film transistor printed with binary solvents exhibits excellent electrical properties. The ratio of width/length = 50/30 exhibits a high on-off ratio of 1.21×10<sup>9</sup>, a high saturation field-effect mobility is 16.6 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V·s), a low threshold voltage is 0.84 V, and subthreshold swing is 0.24 V/dec. The uniform and flat active layer thin film pattern can form good contact with the source leakage electrode, and the contact resistances of TFT devices with different width-to-length ratios are less than 1000 Ω, which can reach the basic conditions of high mobility thin film transistors prepared by inkjet printing. Therefore, using solvent mixture provides a universal and simple way to print oxide films with required surface topology, and present a visible path for inkjet printing of high-mobility thin film transistors.

Study of Sediment Deposit Characteristics based on Geotechnical Properties and Geographic Information System (GIS) Approaches

Several sedimentation processes occur in the downstream area between river mouths and the sea. One of the effects of this sedimentation process is the occurrence of siltation around the coast. Not infrequently, this disrupts sea passages when the ship is about to head to the pier or go to sea. Kuala Beach is one of the locations in Pangkalpinang where the sedimentation process continues to occur enough to disrupt the smooth flow of sea traffic. This study aims to provide an overview and analysis of results related to sediment characteristics, spatial analysis of deposits, and predictions of deposition rates around Kuala Beach, Pangkalpinang City. This research was conducted using the following methods: 1) Method of investigating sediment characteristics by collecting data through field testing in the form of hand drills and laboratory testing, 2) Spatial analysis method by mapping the area of sedimentation based on the results of sediment characteristic tests using Agisoft Metashape and QGIS. The results of this study note that sediment deposits are dominated by sediments with sandy grain characteristics (SP symbol based on the Unified Soil Classification System) and a fine grain content (passing sieve number 200) of around 1-3%. The pattern of distribution of sediment deposits is known to have relatively flat contours and relatively uniform characteristics down to a depth of 1.5 m. The coefficient of grain uniformity (Cu) is in the range of 2.43-8.2 with the tendency of uniformity level getting higher to the southeast. The coefficient of grain gradation (Cc) is in the range of 0.44-1.64 with the tendency of the gradation level getting better to the southeast.

Acoustical routing based on diffraction inhibition in two-dimensional sonic crystal

Routing and guiding acoustic waves without diffraction broadening and backscattering losses is of great interest to the acoustic community. Here, we propose a diffraction-immune acoustical waveguide based on diffraction inhibition in 2D sonic crystals (SCs). Due to the flat equal-frequency contour, the propagating acoustic waves can be highly localized between two neighboring rows of SCs. A few integrated sonic circuit building blocks including arbitrary angle bends and power splitters are further designed and theoretically realized. The proposed SCs open up possibilities for the flexible control of acoustic waves and lead to applications in integrated acoustical devices.

Partial Discharge Inception Modelling of Insulating Materials and Systems: Contribution of Electrodes to Electric Field Profile Calculation

Partial discharge inception modeling is a powerful tool for material investigation and insulation system design in order to achieve the objective of PD-free operation of insulation systems. Model validation, however, requires accurate and repeatable testing conditions, and the aim of this paper is to look at the influence of electrodes and electric field simulation on partial discharge inception model prediction accuracy. Awareness of the geometric electrode configuration is important to forecast both the typology of discharge and the corresponding partial discharge inception voltage value. It is shown, in fact, that inaccurate evaluation of electrode shape (e.g., its flat part and contour) might impact significantly on electric field estimation, the typology of incepted discharges, and, thus, on model accuracy, i.e., on partial discharge inception voltage prediction, which is the basis for the partial discharge-free design of insulating materials and systems. In particular, small electrode curvature radius variations do not significantly affect the PDIV value or PD typology identification. However, worsening electrode/insulation specimen contact can significantly impact PD inception and typology evaluation.

Simultaneous all-angle self-collimation for both light and sound in phoxonic crystals

We report the all-angle dual optical and acoustic waveguides in defect-free phoxonic crystals. The realization of this function relies on dual flat open equal-frequency contours (EFCs) enabling all-angle self-collimation for both optical and acoustic waves. For incident angles within 85°, both light and sound can propagate simultaneously along the propagation direction without diffraction in the proposed defect-free structure. As a potential application of our work, a compact 3 dB phoxonic Y-shaped beam splitter is designed and numerically demonstrated. The coexistence of all-angle optical and acoustic self-collimation allows a new potential possibility to realize integrated management of photons and phonons with an ultracompact footprint size.

The relationship between pitch contours in infant-directed speech and early signs of autism in infancy

PurposeMother-infant interactions during the first year of life are crucial to healthy infant development. The infant-directed speech (IDS), and specifically pitch contours, used by mothers during interactions are associated with infant language and social development. However, little research has examined pitch contours towards infants with socio-communication and language differences, such as those displaying early signs of autism spectrum disorder (autism). This study aimed to explore the association of infant autism signs and pitch contours used by mothers with their 12-month-old infants. MethodMother-infant dyads (n = 109) were recruited from the University of Newcastle BabyLab. Parent-infant dyads completed a 15-min interaction, from which a total of 36,128 pitch contours were measured and correlated with infant autism signs. Infant autism signs were assessed via parent-report (First Year Inventory; Reznick et al., 2007). A subset of high-risk infants (admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, n = 29) also received an observation-based assessment (Autism Detection in Early Childhood; Young & Nah, 2016). ResultsMothers used fewer sinusoidal contours when they rated their infant as displaying more autism signs (rs = − .30, p = .004) and more autism-related sensory regulation issues (rs = − .31, p = .001). Mothers used fewer flat contours if their infant displayed more researcher-rated autism signs (r2 = − .39, p = .04). ConclusionsThis study provides the early evidence that maternal pitch contours in IDS are related to early autism signs in infancy. If our findings are replicated in follow up studies where infants are followed to diagnosis, maternal IDS may be an important element of future early intervention protocols that focus on communication for infants with risk for autism.

Membrane structures: application experience and development prospects

Introduction. At present, studying an increase in the applicability of steel structures in all segments of the construction industry, particularly in residential construction, is relevant. Membrane systems are high-tech and economical structures. The behavior of large-span membrane structures is studied in great detail in practice. However, membranes, combined with medium and small spans, remain understudied.
 
 Materials and methods. Findings of basic theoretical, experimental and numerical studies of membrane systems, used in structural analysis and design, are provided. An advanced membrane slab design, designated for metal-framed multistory residential buildings, is described. Its flat support contour is rectangular in plan; it has a membrane and a monolithic concrete slab over it.
 
 Results. Lira-SAPR software package was used to conduct numerical studies of the membrane slab. The studies took account of its structural, geometrical and physical nonlinearity, and the results were compared with an experimental study. The distribution of forces in its support contour is typical for rectangular membrane structures with positive curvature shells.
 
 Conclusions. Numerical analysis of a full-scale structure and a tested model having a monolithic reinforced concrete slab on the membrane proved the long-term benefits of this structure. The results of numerical analysis demonstrate the qualitative convergence with the experimental data. The variable thickness of the slab resting on the membrane, collaboration of the slab, the membrane and the support contour, the physical nonlinearity of the system elements and, above all, the reinforced concrete slab must be taken into account to reduce the qualitative discrepancy between numerical and experimental results.

Study on the VCRplus Back-Up Roll Contour of 1500 mm CVC Mill

The back-up rolls of hot strip mills wear considerably under the conditions of high temperature and heavy load, which affects the roll service period and the stability of strip profile control. Serious uneven wear, short service periods, and spalling problems occurred on conventional back-up rolls of upstream stand CVC mills in 1500 mm continuous hot rolling production lines. Through finite element simulations, the problems are determined to be caused by the configuration of a flat roll contour of the back-up roll and the CVC roll contour of the work roll, which leads to uneven contact pressure between the rolls. The wear distribution form is ‘anti-CVC’ shape, and there is peak contact pressure between the rolls on both sides of the roll body. In particular, the long-term negative shifting of CVC on site further increases the peak contact pressure between the rolls, resulting in uneven wear and spalling accident. Based on the design technology of VCR back-up roll contours with variable contact lengths, and considering the cooperation between the middle of the back-up roll and the CVC work roll contour, the roll contour of the back-up roll has been improved. The designed VCRplus roll contour was analyzed and evaluated by finite element simulation, including the distribution of contact pressure between rolls, the control effect of bending force, and the transverse stiffness of the roll gap. The simulation results show that the VCRplus roll contour can effectively improve the uneven distribution of contact pressure between the rolls, and effectively improve the control effect of bending force and the transverse stiffness of the roll gap. Industrial tests demonstrate that VCRplus back-up roll contours have the advantages of uniform back-up roll wear, enhanced self-sustaining of the roll contour, and further extension of the back-up roll service life. The roll contour has now stably been put into industrial production, and the rolling capacity during the back-up roll service period has been extended from 150,000,000 kg to 250,000,000 kg.

Evaluation of Changes in Soft and Hard Tissues of TMJ among Class II Division 2 Patients after Prefunctional Orthodontics and Twin Block Functional Appliance Therapy: A Prospective MRI Study.

No study has been conducted to explore soft and hard tissue changes brought by functional appliances within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after correction of class II division 2 (div 2) malocclusion. Hence, we planned this study to evaluate the mandibular condyle disk-fossa relationship before and after prefunctional and twin block therapy using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This prospective observational study was conducted among 14 males treated with prefunctional appliances for 3-6 months, followed by 6-9 months of fixed mechanotherapy. MRI scan was evaluated for changes in the TMJ at baseline after completion of prefunctional phase and after completion of functional appliance therapy. At pretreatment, there was a flat contour on the posterosuperior surface of the condyles and a notch-like projection on its anterior surface. After functional appliance therapy, slight convexity appeared on the posterosuperior surface of the condyle and the prominence of the notch was reduced. There was a statistically significant anterior shift of condyles both after prefunctional and twin block treatment. The meniscus on both sides had significantly shifted posteriorly over three stages with respect to the posterior condylar (PC) plane and Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane. The superior joint space had significantly increased with significant linear glenoid fossa displacement between pre and posttreatment stages. Prefunctional orthodontics induced favorable changes in TMJ soft and hard tissues of patients, but they were not sufficient to place the soft and hard tissues in their normal positions. A functional appliance phase is needed to place the TMJ in their respective normal positions. Patel B, Kukreja MK, Gupta A, et al. Evaluation of Changes in Soft and Hard Tissues of TMJ among Class II Division 2 Patients after Prefunctional Orthodontics and Twin Block Functional Appliance Therapy: A Prospective MRI Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):479-488.

Morphological assessment of the surface profile, mesiodistal diameter, and contact tightness of Class II composite restorations using three matrix systems: An in vitro study.

Sectional matrices and contact rings are valuable aids to establish proximal contact tightness in Class II composite restorations. This study aims to evaluate the proximal contact area in Class II composite restorations using three matrix systems based on morphological analysis, mesiodistal (M-D) diameter and contact tightness. A standardized DO cavity was prepared in 30 plastic molar teeth. They were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) and restored using Tetric N-Ceram composite material and three matrix systems - Saddle matrix, Palodent system, and Palodent Plus system. The quality of proximal contacts was assessed by measuring the maximum M-D diameter of the restored teeth using a digital caliper; the tightness of the proximal contact area using Unifloss and a standardized metal blade (30 μm). Qualitative assessment of contact morphology was done by visual means while quantitative assessment of contour was done using Medit scanner superimposing method and ExoCAD software. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean M-D diameter (in mm) in the occlusal third, middle third, and the proximal contact area between the three groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the proximal contact area tightness using the passage of Unifloss. The buccolingual and occluso-gingival morphology was also compared among the three groups. The level of significance (P value) was set at P < 0.05. For the occlusal and middle third, significantly larger diameters were achieved with the Palodent Plus system than with the Saddle matrix. More flat contours were seen in the case of the Saddle matrix than in the case of the Palodent system while the Palodent Plus system exhibited a minimal depth of concavity as determined by three-dimensional imaging of the contact morphology. Palodent Plus and Palodent matrix systems established superior contacts and contours than the Saddle matrix.

Anatomical and histochemical characterization of stem and leaves of Bauhinia pulchella Benth. (Fabaceae).

Bauhinia pulchella Benth. (Fabaceae), is native to Brazil and popularly known as pata-de-bode. In folk medicine, it is used to treat diabetes. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated different properties, such as cytotoxic and antioxidant, and different chemical constituents, such as essential oil, triterpenoids, steroids, among others. In order to highlight the morphological differences of the species B. pulchella from the others of the genus, and its pharmacological potential, the present study aimed to carry out the anatomical and histochemical characterization of the stem and leaves of B. pulchella. Usual methods in plant anatomy were used in the preparation of semi-permanent slides containing cross sections of the stem, petiole and leaf blade and paradermal sections of the leaf blade for analysis in light microscopy and polarized light. Histochemical tests were also performed to localize the metabolites in the stem and leaf blade. The stem of B. pulchella has a cylindrical outline, the bark is composed of 7-8 layers of cells and discontinuously distributed sclerenchyma; petiole presents flat convex contour, prominences in the adaxial region, concentric amphicrivral vascular bundle, surrounding a small concentric anfivasal intramedullary bundle, adaxially two accessory bundles and tector trichomes; leaf blade with anisocytic and tetracytic stomata on the adaxial surface and anisocytic, tetracytic and anomocytic on the abaxial surface; and midrib with plain-convex outline, 1-2 layers of collenchyma and covering trichomes. Characteristics that differ from other species of the genus Bauhinia. Alkaloids, phenolic compounds, lipophilic compounds, lignin, triterpenes, steroids and tannins were observed in the species. The results are fundamental for the pharmacobotanical standardization of the studied species.

Велароидальные оболочки и оболочки велароидального типа

A group of velaroidal surfaces and surfaces of the velaroidal type belong to the class of "Translation Surfaces". In contrast to the direct translation surfaces, velaroidal surfaces are formed by curves of variable curvature so that the formed surface rests on straight lines of a flat rectangular contour. Only about a dozen velaroidal surfaces have been described and studied in the scientific and technical literature. Velaroidal surfaces are also formed by curves of variable curvature but supported by a flat oval or circular contour. A super ellipse can be taken as a flat contour. The contour may consist of fragments of two identical curves located symmetrically about the axis of symmetry. In Russia velaroidal surfaces are studied so far only in the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow. They are popular with both research geometrists and students - architects and builders, who believe that these shapes can be used within parametric, nonlinear, evolutionary and generative architecture. The article provides information with reference to the extensive used bibliographic material on the geometry of known velaroidal surfaces and surfaces of the velaroidal type. Information on the construction and visualization of new velaroidal surfaces with an oval flat contour as a super ellipse, as well as with a frame and a guide super ellipse. The data on determination of the stress-strain state of thin shells with median surfaces in the form of the surfaces under consideration is given. The fields of practical application of velaroidal shells and velaroidal shells are indicated. As shown in the sources used, geometers and calculation engineers have solved almost all the issues related to the design of these shells. Architects use velaroidal shells rarely, mostly to cover industrial buildings. Enclosures of velaroidal type have been used only in draft designs and in diplom works of architecture students.