Flash Point Temperature Research Articles

Investigation of lubrication and tribological behaviors in a diesel engine with the new designed flow-guided combustion chamber

Changes to the piston bowl geometry directly affect engine performance, exhaust emissions, combustion characteristics and air/fuel mixture formation. In this study, a new combustion chamber (NCC) geometry for a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine is presented, and experimentally compared with the standard combustion chamber (SCC) geometry. Each combustion chamber was fitted to the engine and performed long-term test for 100 h. The effect of combustion chamber bowl geometry on piston rings and lubricating oil was investigated. Firstly, soot was measured in the engine, and the NCC geometry reduced soot emission by approximately 12.32 % compared to the standard bowl geometry type at part load. With the NCC geometry, homogeneity fresh charge and flame propagation were achieved by providing wall-guided flow. The tribological effect of bowl geometry on the lubricating oil was investigated. In the oil analysis, Al,Ca,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni and Zn elements were higher in the SCC geometry than in the NCC geometry. Especially at the end of the 100th hour of operation, the presence of elements such as Fe and Al showed an increase in engine wears. The lubricating oil kinematic viscosity for SCC was 111.9 mm2/s at 40 °C and 127.9 mm2/s for NCC. In the new geometry, the flash point temperature of the lubricating oil was measured as 232 °C, while this value in the standard geometry was measured as 222 °C. This showed that the volatility and degree of contamination of the oil was lower with the new geometry. SEM/EDX analysis of the piston rings showed a significant difference between the first and second rings for the two geometries. The wear lines in the standard geometry were found to be deeper and more visible than in the new geometry.

Blending action of pyrolysis oil/diesel fuel featured with hydrogen on compression ignition engine performance and emission analysis

Waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a non-biodegradable toxic, and harmful material. To maintain environmental sustainability, the waste HDPE involves alternative fuel extraction. The main objective of this study is to extract the alternative oil fuel from the source of the waste HDPE through pyrolysis with a reactor temperature of 300–550 °C and study the compression ignition (CI) engine performance and emission behavior. ASTM standards evaluate the physical and chemical properties of oil fuel, and its results showed that 40 and 43 °C flash and fire point temperatures, better Cetane number of 49, and a good calorific value of 43.17 MJ/kg. The CI engine performance and its emission behavior are experimentally studied with different blending ratios of HDPE oil: hydrogen: diesel fuel like 0:0:100 (D), 0:5:95 (5HD), and 10:5:85 (10B5HD). With this output, results of 10B5HD exhibited better engine performance like better brake power (BP–6.78 kW), optimum brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC-0.52 kg/kWh), improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE-28.78%) and reduced emission behavior including carbon monoxide (CO-0.43%) and carbon dioxide (CO2-24 ppm), hydrocarbon (HC-5.4%) and nitrogen oxide (NOx-760 ppm). Based on these results, 10B5HD performed better than diesel fuel and was utilized in future alternative fuel applications.

A Review on the Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Tribological Properties of Biolubricants.

This review provides a comprehensive and accessible literature review on the integration of nanoparticles into biolubricants to enhance wear and friction regulation, thus improving the overall lubricated system performance. Nanotechnology has significantly impacted various industries, particularly in lubrication. Nanobiolubricants offer promising avenues for enhancing tribological properties. This review focuses on oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, for their ability to enhance lubricant performance. The impact of nanoparticle concentration on biolubricant properties, including viscosity, viscosity index, flash point temperature, and pour point temperature, is analyzed. The review also addresses potential obstacles and limitations in nanoparticle incorporation, aiming to propose effective strategies for maximizing their benefits. The findings underscore the potential of nanobiolubricants to improve operational efficiency and component lifespan. This review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and professionals in exploring and leveraging nanotechnology's potential in the lubrication industry. This review paper explores the basics of tribology along with its significance, green principles, mechanisms, and energy savings because of friction, wear, and lubrication. Condition monitoring techniques are also explored to achieve brief knowledge about maintaining reliability and safety of the industrial components. Recent advances in tribology including superconductivity, biotribology, high-temperature tribology, tribological simulation, hybrid polymer composite's tribology, and cryogenic tribology are investigated, which gives a thorough idea about the subject.

Flash Point of Gel-Polymer Electrolytes: Effect of the Molecular Interaction between Nitrile (HNBR) and Carbonyl (PC)

Gel-polymer electrolytes are receiving increasing attention as they compromise between a good ionic conductivity (10-3S/cm) [1, 2] and good safety features. The solvent trapped into the polymeric matrix increases the ionic conductivity while the polymeric matrix enhances safety due to its mechanical strength repressing dendrite growth [3, 4]. Gel polymer electrolytes are almost universally presumed to be less flammable than current commercialize battery (organic liquid electrolyte) [5, 6]. However, there is no universal test to compare the flammability of a liquid and the flammability of a gel.Our work focuses on the flash point measurement of gel-polymer electrolytes. The flash point temperature is a standardized test and is one of the top experiments to measure flammability [7]. The Flash point temperature is well studied for liquid electrolytes [7, 8] but had never been conducted for gel-polymers. We developed a method to analyze the flash point of gel-polymer electrolytes by pairing the closed-cup flash point tester with a thermal imaging camera. This new apparatus was used it to analyze a promising system: HNBR with different grade of nitrile doped with PC. The goal is to find the relation between the flash point and the nitrile contains in the polymeric matrices.Our research sheds light on the effect of molecular interactions between the nitrile of HNBR and the carbonyl of PC on the flammability of the overall gel-polymer electrolyte with FT-IR. The study has also been conducted adding a lithium salt (LiTFSI) to be representative of real battery application. Agrawal, R.C. and G.P. Pandey, Solid polymer electrolytes: materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications: an overview. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2008. 41(22): p. 223001-223019.Cheng, X., et al., Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Energy Storage. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018. 8(7).Hassouna, J. and B. Scrosati, Review—Advances in Anode and Electrolyte Materials for the Progress of Lithium-Ion and beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2015. 162 p. A2582-A2588.Ren, W., et al., Advanced gel polymer electrolytes for safe and durable lithium metal batteries: Challenges, strategies, and perspectives. Energy Storage Materials, 2021. 34: p. 515-535.Castillo, J., et al., Safe, Flexible, and High-Performing Gel-Polymer Electrolyte for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries. Chemistry of Materials, 2021. 33(22): p. 8812-8821.Li, Q., et al., Progress in electrolytes for rechargeable Li-based batteries and beyond. Green Energy & Environment, 2016. 1(1): p. 18-42.Liu, X.S. and Z.Y. Liu, Research Progress on Flash Point Prediction. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 2010. 55(9): p. 2943-2950.Catoire, L., S. Paulmier, and V. Naudet, Experimental determination and estimation of closed cup flash points of mixtures of flammable solvents. Process Safety Progress, 2006. 25(1): p. 33-39.

Synthesis and characterization of polyvalent high-performance synthetic base oil for drilling operations in recalcitrant and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs

Synthetic ester fluid is one of the most widely recommended drilling fluids for unconventional and recalcitrant reservoirs owing to its numerous technical advantages, high sustainability, non-toxic and inherently biodegradable. However, there are serious concerns about its thermal and hydrolytic stability at high temperatures and pressures (HTHP) as well as its viscosity and flow characteristics in low temperature climates such as deep-water wells. Hence, its inability to maintain stable borehole and flat rheology characteristics may invariably threaten its application under these aforementioned scenarios.In this study, a high-performance ternary mixture of synthetic ethyl esters of plants oil (SEEP mixture) fluid was synthesized by a non-catalyzed supercritical ethanol transesterification process using coconut, castor seed and linseed oil as starting materials. The nature, chemistry and fluid particle interactions of the individual components that make up the synthetic ester fluid were critically studied. The process equipment consists of a continuous flow reactor equipped with a PID controlled furnace as heat source to the reactor and a high- pressure transducer. The conversion efficiency was monitored by an Agilent 5500a FTIR machine with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) system while a GC-EIMSD system was used for fatty acid ester compositional analysis. The oil was extracted by a Soxhlet apparatus mechanism. The extracted Plant oil and the synthetic esters were characterized under standard recommended laboratory procedures by API, ASTM and the European Union (EN) standard protocols. Also, fluid's toxicity and biodegradability tests were conducted according to OECD recommended practices. The results were compared with existing synthetic hydrocarbon fluids (SHFs) for HTHP and deep-water wells.The conversion efficiency of the non-catalyzed transesterification process was 96.50%. The amount of oil yield from the plant oil after Soxhlet extraction is commendable. Hence, synthetic ester fluid raw materials are readily available in large quantities and in a sustainable manner. The GC-MS analysis shows that the coconut oil contains 92% saturated fatty acid. Whereas, the castor seed oil contains 98.31% unsaturated fatty acid with 89.75% of mono-unsaturated ricin-oleic acid (D-12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid). The linseed oil has high content of linolenic acid with 89.60% unsaturated fatty acid. The designed fluid has excellent lubricity characteristics, extremely low cloud and pour point temperatures, higher oxidative stability, low peroxide value, lower copper strip corrosion value and lower kinematic viscosity and density variations with temperatures which signals flat rheology when used to form a synthetic based mud. Also, its flash point and auto-ignition temperatures are high and thus forestall possible fire hazard in high temperature zones. Finally, the fluid is non-toxic and inherently biodegradable.

A scalable and integrated machine learning framework for molecular properties prediction

AbstractThis work introduced a scalable and integrated machine learning (ML) framework to facilitate important steps of building quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models for molecular property prediction. Specifically, the molecular descriptor generation, feature engineering, ML model training, model selection and ensembling, as well as model validation and timing, are integrated into a single workflow within the proposed framework. Unlike existing modeling methods relying upon human experts that primarily focus on model/hyperparameter selection, the proposed framework succeeds by ensembling multiple models and stacking them in multiple layers. The high efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated through comparisons with literature‐reported QSPR models using identical datasets in three property modeling case studies, that is, the flash point temperature, the melting temperature, and the octanol–water partition coefficients. While requiring much less modeling time, the resultant models by the proposed framework present better predictive performance as compared with the reference models in all three case studies.

Comprehensive Characterization of Kukui Nuts as Feedstock for Energy Production in Hawaii.

Fuel properties of oil-bearing kukui (Aleurites moluccana) nuts, a commonly found crop in Hawaii and tropical Pacific regions, were comprehensively studied to evaluate their potential for bioenergy production. Proximate and ultimate analyses, heating value, and elemental composition of the seed, shell, and de-oiled seed cake were determined across five sampling locations in Hawaii. The aged and freshly harvested kukui seeds were found to have similar oil contents, ranging from 61 to 64%wt. Aged seeds, however, have 2 orders of magnitude greater free fatty acids than those freshly harvested (50% vs 0.4%). The nitrogen content of the de-oiled kukui seed cake was found to be comparable to that of the soybean cake. Aging of kukui seeds can decrease the flashpoint temperature and increase the liquid-solid phase transition temperatures of kukui oil obtained. Mg and Ca are the major ash-forming elements present in the kukui shells, >80%wt of all metal elements detected, which may reduce deposition problems for thermochemical conversion in comparison with hazelnut, walnut, and almond shells. The study also revealed that kukui oil has similar characteristics to canola, indicating that it is well-suited for biofuel production.

New structure-based models for the prediction of flash point and autoignition temperatures of alkyl esters

In this study, new models based on quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) have been proposed for the prediction of autoignition temperature (AIT) and flash point (FP) of different alkyl esters. In this regard, data sets containing 126 and 179 alkyl esters from 10 categories were used for AIT and FP, respectively. The enhanced replacement method (ERM) was applied for choosing the appropriate molecular descriptors, and linear models were developed based on the selected descriptors. Nonlinear models were also developed for AIT and FP using genetic programming (GP), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). Then, the predictive performance of each model was evaluated through internal and external validation techniques considering several statistical parameters such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and percent of average absolute relative deviation (AARD). The outcome of the validation techniques confirmed the satisfactory agreement between the predicted and experimental data. The AARD%, R2, and RMSE for the best corresponding models (GP-based nonlinear models) was reported as 4.54%, 0.74, and 39.01 for AIT and 2.51%, 0.98, and 12.32 for FP, respectively. The superiority of the new models over the previous models was also proved by comparing the prediction capability of different models.

Analysis of the line contact tribo-lubrication pair and failure mechanism under the extreme conditions

Theoretical analyses can be performed on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and mixed lubrication (ML), but not for the boundary due to the complicated contact conditions of the friction pair. More importantly, it is difficult to monitor the operating parameters of a line-contact friction pair. Thus, the extreme condition point of the line-contact cannot be determined in the BL. To address this issue, the temperature during the line-contact friction is adopted as a measure to analyze the extreme condition point of the line-contact. The extreme condition is recognized in the experiments, while the friction failure mechanism is analyzed by the temperature. The analysis results demonstrate that the temperature in extreme conditions is higher than the flash point temperature; the extreme condition point falls into the BL range, but its Schipper lubrication number falls into the ML region. As a result, the extreme condition point can be determined by experimental or field testing.

Evaporation Kinetics of Liquid Mixtures and Safe Handling

A simple and inexpensive method is proposed for the measurement of the evaporation rate of liquid mixtures and further estimation of the flash point. These two pieces of information are important for the appraisal of fire or explosion risks related to their handling, storage, and use, as well as for occupational health matters. The overall mass-time profiles for the isothermal evaporation of liquid mixtures show an initial constant-rate kinetic phase [revap(initial)] that can be interpreted as the arrival of volatile molecules at the liquid–gas interface as fast as evaporation takes place, thus ensuring a nearly constant surface composition. The extent of this constant kinetic phase is dependent on the fraction of the more volatile components in the liquid bulk. Besides a mechanistic interpretation of the experimental results, a regression equation was obtained between flash-point temperatures [Tf] and the corresponding logarithm of revap(initial) that is like a previously published relationship between the Tf of pure liquids and mixtures and their log revap(AcOBu = 1) values. This finding is of utility for the appropriate usage of liquid materials in the absence of these physical data in commercial safety data sheets.

Relationship between the intermolecular interactions of carbonyl (PC) with nitrile (HNBR) functional groups and the flash point of a gel polymer electrolyte

Flash point temperatures of HNBR–PC and HNBR–PC–LiTFSI gel polymer electrolytes with different nitrile content are reported. Molecular interactions were found to impact gel flammability.

An easy method for reliable valuation of flash point temperature of organic ethers

Organic ethers are volatile and flammable because there are no significant intermolecular forces between their molecules and their uses require safety assessments in industrial processes. They have a wide variety of industrial uses such as primers for gasoline engines, fuel additives, commercial solvents, and rocket propellants but the measurements of the flash point of toxic and hazardous organic ethers are very difficult. This work introduces a simple method for a reliable prediction of the flash point of various types of organic ethers, which can be easily applied for estimation of the flash point of many organic ethers where their experimental values are not available in the literature. Different types of 121 organic ethers are used to derive and test the new correlation by considering the number of the number of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine atoms as well as the contribution of hydroxyl or specific group and lowering flash point fragments. The great consistency of the novel approach is compared with the results of one of the best existing methods where the values of Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) of the new and two comparative models are 2.38, 4.67, and 6.10, respectively.

The Initial Boiling Point of Lubricating Oil as an Indicator for the Assessment of the Possible Contamination of Lubricating Oil with Diesel Oil

This article provides a brief introduction to the indicators of the volatility and flammability of lubricating oils and fuels. It is proposed that the initial boiling point be used as an indicator of the contamination of lubricating oil with distillate fuel (i.e., diesel biofuel oil) in the context of the rapid detection of explosion risks in the crankcase. Detailed tests were carried out on lubricating oil samples (SAE 30 and SAE 40 grades, which are most commonly used in the lubrication systems of marine trunk engines) diluted with diesel oil at selected mass concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100%). The oils were tested to determine their relevant properties: the flash point temperature and the initial boiling temperature. The flash point was determined in a closed crucible using the Pensky–Martens method, which is in accordance with PN-EN ISO 2719. The differences between the initial boiling point and the flash point of the tested lubricating oils were determined for different dilution levels of lubricating oil in diesel fuel. An approximate method for the calculation of the flash point of the oil based on the initial boiling point is proposed. The results of oil flash point measurements are compared with values calculated as a function of the boiling point for both lubricating oils tested. An evaluation of how well models fit the experimental results is reported. Conclusions are presented on the applicability of the proposed method during operational practice.

Analysis of the Impact of Propanol-Gasoline Blends on Lubricant Oil Degradation and Spark-Ignition Engine Characteristics

Alcoholic fuels have recently come to light as a sustainable source for powering today’s vehicles. Various studies have investigated the effects of alcoholic fuels on engine efficiency and emission characteristics. However, scarce literature is available for their effects on lubricant. Therefore, propanol-gasoline fuel mixtures, with concentrations of 9% (P9) and 18% (P18) propanol, were made to compare their engine characteristics and lubricating oil condition with that of pure gasoline (0 percent propanol (P0)). To determine the rate of deterioration, the characteristics of the lubricating oil were evaluated after 100 h of engine operation, as suggested by the manufacturer. When compared with unused lube oil, P18 showed reductions in flash point temperature and kinematic viscosity of 14% and 36%, respectively, at 100 °C. For P18, which contains Fe (27 PPM), Al (11 PPM), and Cu (14 PPM), the highest wear element concentrations in the lubricating oil were found. The moisture in the degraded oil was well within the allowable limit for the three fuel mixtures. With the increase in propanol percentage in the propanol-gasoline blend, the engine performance was increased. Compared to P9 and P0, P18 had the partially unburned emissions.

Experimental Investigation into the Effects of Fuel Dilution on the Change in Chemical Properties of Lubricating Oil Used in Fuel Injection Pump of Pielstick PA4 V185 Marine Diesel Engine

The engine oil contamination caused by various chemical elements and fuel is an important problem. As a consequence, the engine oil loses its tribological properties, engine lubrication worsens and may lead to potential problems such as excessive wear, corrosion, etc. For that reason, the study of oil degradation and contamination due to the replacement strategies is of special interest to the engine operators and engine manufacturers. In this paper, the chemical elements and fuel dilution of engine oil are analyzed under real engine operating conditions. This research is focused on the fundamental question: how is the chemical performance of lubricant components impacted by diesel dilution? Various tribological tests were performed on regularly collected samples from the fuel injection pump of a Pielstick PA4 V185 marine diesel engine. These tests assessed the influence of fuel on the lubricating oil chemistry performance and useful residual life. Tests included variations in lubricant density, viscosity, flash point temperature and chemical components for 10 samples taken in the following hours of engine operation. Results suggest that diesel dilution only slightly affects chemical additive performance. Most of the examined chemical elements remained at a negligible level (below 1 ppm) in the case of elements whose content was greater, and the changes were either negligible (Al, Fe, MG, Si) in the grits from 1 to 5 ppm or higher (Ca, P, Zn, C), ranging from tens to several hundred ppm. On the other hand, the kinematic viscosity changed significantly from 89.8 to 12.0 cSt at 40 °C or from 9.8 to 2.9 cSt at 100 °C. The change in flash point, although significant from 236 (for fresh oil) to a value below 100, does not exceed the limit values. To sum up, the study concluded that the reduction in oil change intervals for this engine is worth considering under the given operating conditions.

Investigation of Mahua, Pongamia and waste cooking oil blends as biodiesel properties

Looking at the present scenario of world’s energy consumption and its dependency on fossil fuels, biodiesel has become a ray of hope as it is environmental friendly fuel derived from plant sources. In that context the present paper reports the study of physical properties of Mahua, Pongamia and Waste cooking oil blend for usage as biodiesels in engines. Each biodiesel has its own specific properties which need to be tested before running test on a engine. The physical properties such as kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point, density, heating values and acid values are measured for MPW (Mahua 50%, Pongamia 30%, Waste Cooking Oil 20%), PWM (Pongamia 50%, Waste Cooking Oil 30%, Mahua 20%) and WMP (Waste Cooking Oil 50%, Mahua 30%, Pongamia 20%) compositions prepared on volume basis. This study discovered that WMP biodiesel physical properties match nearly to that of diesel fuel. It is the best alternative with moderate flash point temperature, fire point temperature, better thermal efficiency, density and acid value in comparison with MPW and PWM biodiesels.

Development of a model for predicting the flash temperature during impact of titanium alloy

The use of light metals in mines is limited by the sparks and hot surfaces induced by mechanical friction and impact especially, hot surfaces which could ignite explosive atmospheres prior to the mechanical sparks. In view of this, the research on the collision hot surface is based on the simulation of the falling gravity hammer test. The change law of the collision temperature field with the impact conditions is obtained by numerical simulation. The mathematical model for calculating the maximum flash point temperature is derived. And proves that whether the flash temperature is related to the mass needs to consider the elastic-plastic deformation of the material itself. Only when the compressive stress reaches the extreme value or the material is ideal elastic-plastic material, the flash temperature is independent of the mass. In addition to the properties of materials, friction coefficient, relative velocity and normal load are the main factors affecting the compressive stress of impact. Thus, an important method can be obtained that controlling the coefficient of friction between the acting surfaces within a critical range by improving the processing accuracy of the material surfaces may ensure the safety of the hot surfaces generated by impact.

The study of new employment areas for used motor oils

The paper studies the perspective of applying a regeneration product of Mysella-40 used motor oil of Shell Company, which has high viscous-temperature properties, high flash point and low freezing temperature used in the modern power stations of module type. As a result of the studies based on the regeneration product of Мycella-40 motor and M-8 Baku oils obtained through the refinement of Azerbaijani oil mixtures and some additives of various functionalities, new lubricating compositions of motor oils for diesel engines of different purposes have been developed.

Experimental Study of the Thermal Decomposition Properties of Binary Imidazole Ionic Liquid Mixtures.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of applications, owing to their negligible vapor pressure, high electrical conductivity, and low melting point. However, the thermal hazards of ILs and their mixtures are also non-negligible. In this study, the thermal hazards of various binary imidazolium ionic liquids (BIIL) mixtures were investigated. The effects of parent salt components and molar ratios on the thermal decomposition temperature (Td) and flashpoint temperature (Tf) are investigated. It is found that both Td and Tf increase as the proportion of highly thermally stable components in BIIL mixtures increases. Furthermore, the decomposition process of BIIL mixtures can be divided into two stages. For most molar ratios, the Tf of the BIIL mixtures is in the first stage of thermal decomposition. When the proportion of highly thermally stable components is relatively high, Tf is in the second stage of thermal decomposition. The flammability is attributed to the produced combustible gases during the thermal decomposition process. This work would be reasonably expected to provide some guidance for the safety design and application of IL mixtures for engineering.

Machine learning based adaptive soft sensor for flash point inference in a refinery realtime process

In industrial control processes, certain characteristics are sometimes difficult to measure by a physical sensor due to technical and/or economic limitations. This fact is especially true in the petrochemical industry. Some of those quantities are especially crucial for operators and process safety. This is the case for the automotive diesel Flash Point Temperature (FT). Traditional methods for FT estimation are based on the study of the empirical inference between flammability properties and the denoted target magnitude. The necessary measures are taken indirectly by samples from the process and analyzing them in the laboratory, this process implies time (can take hours from collection to flash temperature measurement) and thus make it very difficult for real-time monitorization, which in fact results in security and economical losses. This study defines a procedure based on Machine Learning modules that demonstrate the power of real-time monitorization over real data from an important international refinery. As input, easily measured values provided in real-time, such as temperature, pressure, and hydraulic flow are used and a benchmark of different regressive algorithms for FT estimation is presented. The study highlights the importance of sequencing preprocessing techniques for the correct inference of values. The implementation of adaptive learning strategies achieves considerable economic benefits in the productization of this soft sensor. The validity of the method is tested in the reality of a refinery. In addition, real-world industrial data sets tend to be unstable and volatile, and the data is often affected by noise, outliers, irrelevant or unnecessary features, and missing data. This contribution demonstrates with the inclusion of a new concept, called an adaptive soft sensor, the importance of the dynamic adaptation of the conformed schemes based on Machine Learning through their combination with feature selection, dimensional reduction, and signal processing techniques. The economic benefits of applying this soft sensor in the refinery's production plant and presented as potential semi-annual savings.