Flamingo Balance Test Research Articles

The Effects of Binaural Audio On Static and Dynamic Balance

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of virtual binaural audio on static and dynamic balance in healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 participated in this study. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Berg Balance Scale, the Flamingo Balance Test, and the Y Balance Test (YBT). Both the Flamingo Balance Test and YBT were applied to all participants in the absence and presence of binaural audio. Results: The Flamingo Balance Test results of the participants in the presence of sound were found to be significantly better than those in the absence of sound. Their YBT results were also significantly improved in the presence of sound. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that binaural audio may change the static and dynamic balance in healthy young adults.

An Analysis on the Innovations between Physical Exercise Group and Yoga Group with Flamingo Balance and Standing Broad Jump Test

Yoga is a multifaceted spiritual tool with enhanced health and well-being as one of its positive effects. The components of yoga which are very commonly applied for health benefits are asanas (physical postures), pranayama (regulated breathing) and meditation. In this article we have discussed about the Standing Broad Jump test, Flamingo Balance Test, innovations between physical exercise group and yoga group.

The Reliability of Field-Based Static and Dynamic Balance Tests in Primary School-Aged Autistic Children.

Previous research has proven that the balance of autistic children is poor. However, the reliability of assessing balance in this cohort has been inadequately researched. This study therefore aimed to examine if field-based static and dynamic balance tests can be reliably assessed in autistic children, to determine the number of familiarisation sessions required and whether autistic severity impacts on the reliability of these balance tests. The balance of eighteen primary school-aged autistic children was assessed three times a week over five weeks, using the flamingo balance test, a modified version of the balance error scoring system (BESS), the low beam walking test, and the heel to toe walking test. Reliability criteria included an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) level of ≥0.75 and a coefficient of variance (CV%) of ≤46% for the low beam walking test, the heel to toe walking test, and the BESS, and a CV% of ≤82% or the flamingo balance test. Inter-session reliability was achieved and required the least number of familiarisation sessions for the flamingo balance test, compared to the low beam walking test, which required a greater number of familiarisation sessions to achieve inter-session reliability. The heel to toe walking test and the BESS achieved inter-session reliability and familiarisation in an acceptable time frame. Due to the large CV% values reported in the current study, practitioners need to be aware that balance interventions need to achieve improvements greater than the CV% in this cohort.

Assessment of postural stability of 14-year-old girls training volleyball

Introduction: Measurements of postural stability are carried out for the prevention of injuries and for rehabilitation of athletes who have sustained traumatic injuries. The aim of the study was to assess postural stability measured in static and dynamic conditions in 14-year-old girls, of whom some were training volleyball, and some were not. Materials and Methods: The study involved a group of 30 girls aged 14, attending volleyball classes. This group was compared with the control group (n = 30) of girls of the same age who regularly participated only in regular physical education (PE) classes. The tests were conducted twice. The first examination was conducted at the end of September 2021 and then repeated at the beginning of January 2022, at a primary school with an extended sport curriculum in Krakow. The Flamingo Balance Test was used to determine postural stability in static conditions, and the Y-Balance Test – to measure postural stability in dynamic conditions. Results: Statistically significant differences between the results obtained during the first and the second examination were found for four parameters: Y-ANT R (p = 0.025) and FBT L (p = 0.001) in the group of girls practicing volleyball and (FBT L (p = 0.002) and FBT R (p = 0.030) in the regular PE group. Conclusions: Neither examination showed any statistically significant differences in the intergroup YBT values. The largest difference of 4% was recorded for the Y-POST-MED R range in the second examination.

A 10-week play-based after-school program to improve coordinative abilities and physical fitness capabilities among adolescents: a randomized trial

The average levels of physical activity in children are below the ideal, which may influence children's health and motor competence levels. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of a 10-week play-based after-school program on 50 twelve-year-old students’ anthropometric characteristics (body height and body weight), coordinative abilities (flamingo balance test and T-test agility), and physical fitness (sit and reach, 20-m sprint test, SLJ, CMJ, and handgrip). After baseline assessments, the students were randomly divided into two groups: one participating in a play-based after-school program (experimental group) and the other attending regular PE classes (control group). No differences were noted between the sexes. Analysis revealed baseline differences between groups in body weight, agility T-test, and right-handgrip, with no significant sex differences. Following the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated improvements in the 20-m sprint test (F(1,46) = 11.03, p < 0.01), flamingo balance test (F(1,46) = 9.16, p = 0.004), SLJ (F(1,46) = 5.30, p = 0.03), agility T-test (F(1,46) = 28.30, p < 0.01), and right-handgrip (F(1,46) = 6.59, p < 0.01). In summary, the results suggested that a 10-week play-based after-school program enhances coordinative abilities and physical fitness in 12-year-old children. This underscores the potential advantages of integrating play-based physical activities into schools to promote holistic health and fitness in children.

Sensory function and somatosensorial system changes according to visual acuity and throwing techniques in goalball players: A cross-sectional study.

The somatosensory system is a complect sensory system that differentiates individual athletes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of visual acuity level on throwing technique, proprioceptive sense of the shoulder joint, light touch and two-point discrimination sense of the upper extremity, and sensory function (postural control and reaction time) in visually impaired goalball players. Goalball players who have different visual acuities B1(unable to perceive light or recognize its shape); B2 (has a visual field of less than 5 degrees and can recognize shapes); B3 (visual field greater than 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees) participated in the study. The sensorial system was evaluated with proprioceptive sense of the shoulder joint and sensory tests (light touch and two-point discrimination sense of the dominant hand.). Sensory function (postural control and reaction time) was evaluated with the flamingo balance test, functional reach test, and pro-agility test. The goalball players' throwing technique was questioned. Seventeen male players, those aged 20-30 (20.8±3.9 years) who have been professionally engaged in goalball for at least three years (58.7-37.8 months) participated. Shoulder internal rotation joint position sense and the flamingo balance test were found to be different in the group with B1 visual acuity than in the group with B3 visual acuity (p = 0.042* and 0.028 respectively). There was no difference between groups with B1-B2 visual acuity (p = 0.394 and p = 0.065) and between groups with B2-B3 visual acuity (p = 0.792 and p = 0.931). There was no difference in the groups in terms of sensory tests and reaction time (p> 0.05). In goalball, joint position sense is related to throwing techniques. Although there is a general acceptance that other sensory systems should work harder to compensate for the sense of vision, fear of falling, athlete's branch year, sports year, muscle strength, and general physical condition of the athlete may affect the measurements made, especially in the dynamic position.

An old approach to a novel problem: effect of combined balance therapy on virtual reality induced motion sickness: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded study

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a rehabilitation program aimed at addressing vestibular and proprioceptive deficits, which are believed to underlie the pathophysiology of motion sickness.MethodsA total of 121 medical students with motion sickness participated in this study and were randomly divided into intervention (n = 60) and placebo control (n = 61) groups. The intervention group underwent combined balance, proprioception, and vestibular training three times a week for 4 weeks, while the control group received placebo training. The study assessed various measurements, including the Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ), tolerance duration, enjoyment level measured by VAS, stability levels using Biodex, and balance with the Flamingo balance test (FBT). All measurements were conducted both at baseline and 4 weeks later.ResultsThere was no significant difference in pre-test scores between the intervention and control groups, suggesting a similar baseline in both groups (p > 0.05). The results showed a significant improvement in VRSQ, tolerance duration, VAS, Biodex, and FBT scores in the intervention group (p < 0.05). While, the control group showed a significant increase only in VAS scores after 4 weeks of training (p < 0.05). A statistically significant improvement was found between the groups for VRSQ (p < 0.001), tolerance duration (p < 0.001), VAS (p < 0.001), Biodex (p = 0.015), and FBT scores (p < 0.05), in favor of the intervention group.ConclusionsA combined balance training program for motion sickness proves to be effective in reducing motion sickness symptoms, enhancing user enjoyment, and extending the usage duration of virtual reality devices while improving balance and stability. In contrast, placebo training did not alter motion sickness levels. These findings offer valuable insights for expanding the usage of virtual reality, making it accessible to a broader population.

Investigating the Combined Effects of Fascial Distortion Model Manual Therapy and Balance-Strength Training in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability.

The Fascial Distortion Model (FDM) is a relatively new manual therapy approach in the field of musculoskeletal physical therapy, and its potential effectiveness in treating chronic ankle instability (CAI) remains unexplored. A randomized controlled trial with 23 participants was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to either the FDM + balance-strength training (BST) group (n = 8), receiving extra FDM sessions weekly in addition to two sessions of BST, or the BST group (n = 7). Healthy controls (n = 8) did not receive any treatment and participated only in pre- and post-test measurements. Objective measurements including Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ), Flamingo Balance Test (FBT), Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT), ankle joint range of motion (ROM), and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) were recorded at baseline and the end of the intervention. The results demonstrated significant differences between the FDM + BST and BST groups for supination ROM (p = 0.008) and similarly for WBLT (p = 0.041), FBT (p = 0.40), YBT-LQ (p = 0.023), and CAIT score (p = 0.008). Moreover, while both groups demonstrated significant improvement at the post-test compared with their pre-test for plantarflexion and pronation ROM, WBLT, and CAIT score, the FDM + BST group demonstrated significant improvements in supination ROM, FBT, and YBT-LQ. Our study suggests that the addition of FDM concepts to a BST may lead to enhanced improvements in ankle ROM, static and dynamic balance, and self-reported outcomes in individuals with CAI compared to BST.

Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Adaptif Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Adaptive physical fitness is a specialized method aimed at addressing challenges in the psychomotor domain specifically for children with exceptional needs. Special schools (SLB) are the designated locations for providing adapted physical education, alongside inclusive schools. This research was carried out in a specialized school (SLB) in West Lombok. The observations revealed that the school had never administered an adaptive physical fitness test for children with special needs. In addition, the participants in this study consisted of 20 children with special needs (ABK) who had hearing impairments, physical disabilities, and mental disabilities. Specifically, there were 17 males and 13 girls. This study will employ the Euro fit exam, encompassing the Bent arm hang test, the sit and reach test, the 50-meter running test, the Flamingo balance test, and the Harvard step test. The majority of children with special needs at SLB Negeri 1 Lombok Barat had a low level of adaptive physical fitness, with 40% (12 children) falling into the "less" group. 60% (18 children) fall into the "moderate" category, while none of the children fall into the "good" category. These findings indicate that 60% of the children with special needs in the school fall into the intermediate category of physical fitness, which corresponds to a total of 18 children.

FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN (FMSTM) AND BALANCE IN BODYBUILDERS DURING THE DEFINITION PERIOD

The functional movement and balance performances of bodybuilders and the relationship between them arouse curiosity in the definition period where intense restrictions are experienced. The aims of this study were to (a) determine functional movement screening (FMSTM) and balance performance in bodybuilders during the definition period and (b) examine the relationship between these tests. Twelve adult male bodybuilders voluntarily participated in the study. Participants performed flamingo balance test for static balance, upper &amp; lower quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ &amp; YBT-UQ) for dynamic balance, and FMS TM tests (deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability) for functional movement screening. There was a significant negative correlation between dominant leg static balance and rotary stability (r=-.832, p=.040) and a significant positive relationship between dynamic balance and rotary stability in dominant and non-dominant leg (dominant leg: r=.589, p=.044, non-dominant leg: r=.775, p=003). There was no significant relationship between YBT-UQ composite scores and FMSTM composite scores on both sides in bodybuilders during the definition period. As a result, the FMS TM score is quite low in bodybuilders during the definition period, and the increase in static and lower extremity dynamic balance performance may increase the rotary stability score. Bodybuilders are recommended to practice lower extremity static and dynamic balance exercises in addition to training during the definition period.

Comparison of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department Students in terms of Physical Activity Levels, Balance Levels and Muscle Endurance Values

Aim: This study aims to compare the physical activity levels, balance levels and muscular endurance values of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation students among grades. Thus, it will be determined to what extent students apply the knowledge they learned in the courses to their own lives. Method: For the aim of our study, balance and trunk endurance, which are physical fitness parameters related to health, and physical activity levels were examined. Snowball randomization method was used in our study. 36 students (15 male, 21 female) volunteered to participate in our study. Y Balance Test was used for dynamic balance assessment, the Flamingo Balance Test for static balance assessment, the McGill Endurance Tests for endurance assessment, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for physical activity levels. SPSS 24.0 program was used in statistical analysis of data and significance value was accepted as p&amp;lt;0.05. Results: There was no difference between groups of students included in the study in terms of age, body mass index and gender parameters (p&amp;gt;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in dynamic balance, static balance, all directions of endurance and physical activity levels (p&amp;gt;0.05). When the relationship between students' physical activity levels and balance–endurance values was examined, no significant relationship was found in any parameter (p&amp;gt;0.05) except for left-sided endurance (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: As a result of our study, it was seen that there was no difference between degrees in terms of dynamic balance, static balance, endurance and physical activity levels of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation students. When physical activity results were examined, it was seen that there were very few students in the inactive group. Based on this, we can say that Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation students are successful in applying the knowledge they learned in lectures in their own lives. We recommend increasing the number of participants in future studies.

Evidence for the Psychometric Properties of Component Test Items in the Eurofit Test Battery administered to Elite Schoolboy Rugby Union Players: A Test-retest Reliability Study

Rugby is a popular sport and requires participants to have commensurate physical attributes for effective participation. One physical fitness test battery which enjoys extensive use contextually is the European Test of Physical Fitness (Eurofit). However, the psychometric properties of the test battery have not been explored and documented in the local context. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the test-retest reliability of the Eurofit test battery items among elite schoolboy rugby players in Harare, Zimbabwe. Thirty-two (32) players with the mean age of 17.2 (SD=1.03) years completed all the tests during the in- season period. Anthropometric and Eurofit test measurements were obtained twice with seven days separating the assessments. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) estimated the reliability test items. The global ICCs for the Eurofit test items ranged from 0.59 to 0.98. The Sit-and-Reach test yielded the highest temporal reliability (ICC=0.98). The Plate Tapping test, Flamingo Balance test and 10×5m Shuttle Run test showed ICCs &lt; 0.7. Cognisant of the study limitations, some component test items of Eurofit test battery can be recommended for reliably evaluating aspects of physical fitness in junior rugby players in Zimbabwe whilst others still need consideration and test modification.

The Effect of Plyometric Training on Speed, Agility and Balance Performance of Adolescent Volleyball Players

It is aimed in this study to analyze the effect of plyometric trainings on the speed, agility and balance performance of adolescent volleyball players. The sample of the study includes 15 female licensed players playing in the leagues established by the Turkish Volleyball Federation. The average age of the participants was determined as 16,33±1,17, average height as 167,53±,08 cm, average body weight as 53,67±6,11 kg, average body mass index as 19,11±1,64 kg/m2 and average training age as 4,00 ± ,092 years. The group participated in the research was applied plyometric training method 3 days a week for 6 weeks, a total of 18 days. The performance data of the participants were obtained through flamingo balance test, 30 m sprint test and 10x5 shuttle run test. The normality of the data was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk Test and it was seen that the data were revealed a normal distribution. Pretest and posttest measurements of within group were calculated by using Paired Sample T Test and the significance level was accepted as 0.05. The study was organized according to the pre-test and post-test results. As a result of the study, after the 6-week plyometric training program, it was determined that there was no significant difference in the mean values of the height, body weight, body mass index, flamingo balance test and 30 m sprint test (p0,05). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean values of the 10x5 shuttle run test in the comparison of the pretest and posttest results of the research group (p0,01). Consequently, we can state that plyometric exercises to be applied in the trainings of adolescent volleyball players will contribute the agility performance of the players in a positive way. The fact that trainers include plyometric exercises in the certain periods of the trainings will contribute to the increase of the performance of the athletes. It is recommended that plyometric exercises to be applied within a determined program and appropriate for the age groups of the athletes, especially in branches that require anaerobic performance.Keywords: Adolescent, Plyometric Training, Volleyball Players

The Effect Of Preschool Chıldren's Partıcıpatıon In Sportıve Recreatıonal Actıvıtıes On Balance And Flexıbılıty Performance

This study was conducted to compare the developmental status of balance and flexibility, which are the physical fitness parameters of preschool children receiving sportive recreation education. The participant group of the study consisted of a total of 60 children, 30 of whom were experimental and 30 of whom were control groups, who were studying in preschool education between the ages of 4-6. The study lasted a total of 8 weeks and experimental method with control group and pre-test-post-test design was used in the study. While a 40-minute sportive recreation education program was applied to the experimental group 3 days a week for 8 weeks, the control group continued its normal curriculum. In the study, sit and reach test for flexibility and flamingo balance test for balance were used as data collection tools. A normality test was applied to decide on the tests to be applied. Due to the normal distribution of the data, Independent Samples T-Test was used to determine whether the difference between the groups was significant, and Paired Samples T-Test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test within the group, and the significance value was accepted as p &lt; 0.05. After the 8-week sportive recreation education program, there was a advanced significant difference in the pre-test-post-test values of flexibility and balance parameters in the experimental group (p 0.05). When the experimental group and the control group were compared, a significant difference was found in the flexibility and balance test values in favor of the experimental group after the sportive recreation activity program (p

Relationship of functional movement screening with balance and flexibility in adult nonathletes—an observational study

BackgroundThe functional movement screening (FMS), Flamingo balance, Y balance, and sit and reach tests are the screening tools for fundamental movement patterns, balance, and flexibility, respectively; the latter three tests are components of quantifying fitness levels. Functional movement screening is used to measure the quality of movement, and it is an injury risk predictor. There are several studies done to find the correlation between functional movement screening and fitness parameters in athletes but has not been studied much in non-athlete population. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between functional movement screening with static and dynamic balance and flexibility in healthy adult nonathletes, and to find gender differences, if any.MethodA total of 65 healthy nonathletes in the age group 18 to 27 years were included in the study based on the selection criteria. The functional movement screening, Y-balance test, Flamingo balance test, and sit and reach test were done for all participants.ResultsPearson’s correlation was used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated a poor correlation between FMS and fitness parameters. These are FMS and Y-balance test left and right side (r = 0.216, 0.144, p = 0.084, 0.251), FMS with Flamingo balance test left and right side (r = 0.071, 0.197 p = 0.575, 0.115), and FMS with sit and reach test (r = 0.006, p = 0.961).ConclusionThe results showed that functional movement screening and balance (Flamingo and Y balance) and sit and reach cannot be used interchangeably as they do not have any strong correlation. The results of the study also indicate that using only one of the tools cannot predict injury risk in healthy individuals. They have to be used in conjunction with each other.

Investigation of physical and cognitive performance profiles of 7-8 years old children in terms of talent selection in sports and sports orientation: the case of Kayseri

This study seeks to compare the physical and cognitive performances of 7-8-years-old children in terms of gender based on talent selection in sports and sports orientation as well as to contribute to the coaches studying in the field and the physical education teachers working in the schools in terms of talent selection tests and determination of talented athletes. The sample group consists of 178 boys and 151 girls studying in primary schools in Kayseri. To determine the physical performance of the participants, the eurofit test protocols including standing long jump, 30-m sprint test, sit-reach flexibility test, flamingo balance test, and 30 second sit-up test were applied. On the other hand, to determine the cognitive performance of the participants, visual and auditory reaction times were measured via the Newtest 1000 instrument. The SPSS 22 package program was used to evaluate the data. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was understood with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that the data showed normal distribution. The descriptive statistical method and the independent sample t-test were applied to the participants in inter-group comparisons. As a result of the descriptive statistical analyzes, the mean values ​​of the participants' anthropometric characteristics were found as (male, age; 7.30 ± .46 (years), height; 127.39±5.75 (cm), body weight; 28.84±5.93 (kg), BMI; 17.67±2.74) and (female, age; 7.27±.44 (years), height; 125.26±5 .19 (cm), body weight; 27.35±5.43 (kg), BMI; 17.36±2.79). As a result of the analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the height values ​​of girls and boys in terms of anthropometric characteristics (p&lt;0.01). No significant difference was found in terms of other anthropometric values ​​(p&gt;0.05). In terms of physical performances, a significance at the level of (p&lt;0.01) was found in favour of boys in 30-m sprint test and standing long jump tests, and in favour of girls in flamingo balance test parameters. No significant difference was found in terms of cognitive performance. The results of the study reveal that the physical and cognitive performance data of primary-school 7-8-years-old children show similar developmental characteristics when evaluated in terms of gender.

Comparison of foot measures on dynamic and static balance in children engaged in different sports disciplines

It is known that sports contribute to the development of children's anthropometric, biomechanical, postural and proprioceptive characteristics. By participating in a sport discipline in childhood, it is possible to gain sports-specific features. Comparing sports that require different motoric features and neuromuscular competencies raises the question of how these different requirements might also affect biomechanical and balance skills. The aim of this study is to compare the foot posture, foot function and dynamic-static balance in children who engaged sports in different sport disciplines. The study included totally 66 child athletes with the mean age of 13.19±2.11 from the box, basketball and swimming disciplines. 54.55% of the participating athletes were female and 45.45% were male. Demographic and sport-specific characteristics of the participants were questioned with an 11-question case form. The Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the Foot Function Index (FFI) were administered. Static balance assessment was performed with the Flamingo Balance Test and dynamic balance assessment was performed with the Y Balance Test. The data obtained for each sport branch were compared between groups. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics among groups. A statistically significant difference was found between boxing, basketball, and swimming branches in terms of FPI score, right and left static balance results, and foot posture class parameters (p

Kadınlarda Dinamik Denge Üzerinde Kuadriseps Kas Aktivasyonu ile Q Açısı Arasındaki İlişki

Introduction: Lower extremity biomechanics affects the relationship between Q angle, quadriceps muscle activation and the balance.&#x0D; Objectiveː The aim was to examine the relationship between Q angle and quadriceps muscle activation on dynamic balance position in women. &#x0D; Materials and Methodsː Forty women were included in the study. The muscle activation of the quadriceps during dynamic balance in a single leg stance was recorded. A tape measure was used to measure Q angle, surface electromyography was used to assess muscle activation, the Flamingo Balance Test was used to assess static balance, the TechnoBody PK 200WL computerized balance device was used to assess dynamic balance, and the Short Form Musculoskeletal Assessment was used to assess functionality.&#x0D; Resultsː There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the Q angle standing and supine position and vastus medialis muscle activation respectively, (r=0.35, p=0,02; r=0.40, p=0.01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the perimeter length and Q angle in standing/supine position respectively, (r=0.33, p=0.04; r=0.32, p=0.04). Area gap percentage and Q angle standing (r=0.89, p=0.02), supine position Q angle values (r=0.63, p=0.03) were positively correlated.&#x0D; Conclusionː If vastus medialis is more strengthened, Q angle would be more normalized, so quadriceps muscle strengthening exercises are helpful for the normalization of the Q angle. Also, when the Q angle is normalized, a single leg balance would be revealed.

Effects of Yoga Training Applied with Telerehabilitation on Core Stabilization and Physical Fitness in Junior Tennis Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of yoga training applied with telerehabilitation on core stability, and strength, balance, flexibility, upper extremity stability, body awareness, and quality of life in tennis players aged 6–18 years. Methods: Forty tennis players were randomly divided into two groups to participate in this study. The control group (n = 20) continued tennis training and was informed about the importance of the core region. The yoga group (n = 20) received yoga training with telerehabilitation 2 days a week for 8 weeks. Athletes were evaluated with sport-specific core muscle strength and stability tests, the back scratch test, the sit and reach test, the flamingo balance test, the y-balance test (lower quarter), the upper extremity closed kinetic chain stability test, the SF-36, and body awareness questionnaires. Measurements have been done in the tennis club before and after the 8 weeks of training. Results: A significant increase was determined in core strength and stability, sit and reach, back scratch test, upper extremity stability, and body awareness questionnaire in the yoga group (p < 0.001). Flamingo and Y balance test results were significant (p < 0.002). Positive improvements were found in SF-36s energy-fatigue level, mental well-being, social function (p < 0.042), pain (p < 0.005), and general health (p < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in the core strength measurement mean score in the control group (p < 0.018). Sit and reach test, flamingo test, and body awareness questionnaire were found to be significant after the intervention (p < 0.001). Significant improvements were found in the pain (p < 0.042), and mental well-being (p < 0.001) sub-parameters of the SF-36. Conclusion: In the study, it was concluded that yoga training applied with telerehabilitation in tennis players aged 6–18 has a positive effect on core strength, and stabilization, physical fitness parameters, quality of life, and body awareness.

Do Oculomotor Exercises Improve Balance, Dynamic Visual Acuity and Performance in Female Volleyball Players? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Athletes must develop not only their physical and motor capabilities but also their visual and perceptual-cognitive skills to support their performance. This study investigated the effects of oculomotor exercises (OMEs) on elite female volleyball players' dynamic visual acuity (DVA), balance, and vertical jump performance (VJP). Fifty-two female volleyball players were allocated to two groups: the intervention group (IG, n=26) that received OMEs twice a day, six days a week for four weeks in addition to their daily training, and the control group (CG, n=26) that, only continued their daily training. All participants were assessed with the Flamingo Balance Test (FBT), Y Balance Test (YBT), Clinical DVA Test, and Vertical Jump Test (VJT) before and after the study. After the study, FBT, DVA, and YBT posteromedial values in IG improved significantly, but VJP did not change. The results for CG showed no improvements. After the study only FBT score differences were found between the groups. OMEs in volleyball players can help to improve balance by improving DVA and balance. Future research should investigate the effects of volleyball-specific visual training on improving performance skills.