Hybrid Flame Retardant Research Articles

Preparation of halogen-free flame retardant hybrid paraffin composites as thermal energy storage materials by in-situ sol–gel process

Novel halogen-free flame retardant hybrid phase change composites were prepared by an in-situ sol–gel process, using paraffin as the thermal energy storage material and tri-(triethoxysilylpropyl) phosphamide as the sol–gel precursor. The structure of paraffin composites was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The behaviors of thermal stability and thermal energy storage properties were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The char residue of composites was characterized by FT-IR, XRD and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The flame retardancy property of paraffin composites was investigated by pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). Results showed that the paraffin composites had good thermal energy storage property as well as enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy properties.

Synthesis of a New Silicon-Phosphorus Hybrid Flame Retardant from Waste Silicon Oil and its Application in Polypropylene System

A new silicon-phosphorus hybrid (SPH) flame retardant was synthesized by condensation reaction of 1-oxo-4-hydroxymenthyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicy[2,2,2] octane (PEPA) with waste silicon oil which is mainly consisted of the compounds of CxHySizCln. The effect of Si/P hybrid on the flame retardancy of polypropylene composites (PP/Si-P) was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retarding performance of PP/SPH/MP/PER at the same loading amount is slightly higher relative to MP/PER. This, in plus to the low cost and the value in environmental protecting, makes SPH possess the application potential in flame retardants.

Flammability Behavior of Composite Mixed with Retardant Agents

The flammability characteristics and synergistic effect of zinc borate with antimony trioxide in araldite resin composite have been studied by thermal erosion test . Zinc borate was added first to araldite resin reinforced by hybrid carbon-Kevlar fibers as a surface layer(5mm) thickness .Then, the result composite material was exposed to a direct flame generated from Oxyacetylene torch (3000°C) with different flame exposure intervals (10,20mm), and study the range of resistance of retardant material layer to the flames and protected the substrate .After that , antimony trioxide was added to zinc borate with various amount(10%,20%,30%) to forming a hybrid flame retardant for enhance the action of this material to react flame . Hybrid retardant exposure to same flame temperature and exposure distances. Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determined the heat transferred to composite material . the best results was obtained with large exposed distance and large percentage from protective layer which is zinc borate with (30%) antimony trioxide .

Synthesis of a novel hybrid synergistic flame retardant and its application in PP/IFR

A novel inorganic–organic hybrid synergistic flame retardant was prepared by sol–gel reaction and characterized by NMR and FT-IR. It showed that the fire resistance of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant (PP/IFR) composites could be improved with the combination of hybrid synergistic flame retardant. The char morphology and structure of PP composites were characterized by SEM and Raman spectra. The influence of the hybrid flame retardant on the thermal degradation process of PP composites was analyzed by FT-IR and the rheological behavior of the PP composites was also evaluated. The thermal stability of PP composites was characterized by TGA, weight loss difference and integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT). It indicated that the hybrid synergistic flame retardant had good synergistic effect with IFR.

Improvement of the flame retardancy of paper-sludge/polypropylene composite

Paper-sludge/polypropylene composites which have many merits such as low cost, disposal of industrial waste and good mechanical properties, were manufactured. For the purpose of improving flame retardancy of the composites, various kinds and contents of flame retardants like Saytex8010, TPP, Mg(OH)2 and antimony trioxide were introduced into the composites. The flame retardancy of the composites was measured with the UL94 test. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) of composites was performed to investigate the flame retardant mechanism. It could be believed that this composite system is mainly dominated by gas phase mechanism.Tests in flexure were used to investigate mechanical properties. The composite with Saytex8010 25 phr and antimony trioxide 15 phr showed the highest flexural strength. The flexural strength in the hybrid flame retardants system increased as the proportion of antimony trioxide increased.