Fixity Ratio Research Articles

Electro-activated shape memory behavior of a three-dimensional lightweight knitted tubular composite

Electro-activated shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) are usually fabricated with adding conductive nanoparticles and conductive fibers into shape memory polymeric matrix. The current researches of electro-activated SMPCs mainly focus on two-dimensional rectangular panels and they have the disadvantages of large mass and long recovery time. Here a knitted-net shape memory tubular composite was developed and the experimental and numerical studies of electro-activated shape memory behavior subjected to compressive loading were conducted. The effects of component ratios and voltages on the electrical property, shape recovery behavior, recovery force and mechanical property of the tubular composites were investigated. The results show that the bulk density of knitted-net lightweight tubular composite is only 0.50 g/cm3. The shape fixity ratio and the shape recovery ratio are over 99%, and the recoverable compressive strain is up to 60%. The electro-activated shape recovery time of the tubular composites with DC voltage of 20 V is short to 12 s. The maximum recovery force can reach 3.19 N. An electricity-heat-deformation coupled finite element model was built and simulated the temperature variation and shape-changing in the shape recovery process. The knowledge gained in this work will be beneficial to the future development of remotely controlled fast-responsive actuators.

Synthesis and optimization for shape memory behaviour of 4D printed GNPs reinforced shape memory photopolymer composite

PurposeShape memory materials are functional materials having a good number of applications due to their unique features of programmable material technology such as self-stretching, self-assembly and self-tightening. Advancements in today’s technology led to the easy fabrication of such novel materials using 3D printing techniques. When an external stimulus causes a 3D printed specimen to change shape on its own, this process is known as 4D printing. This study aims to investigate the effect of graphene nano platelet (GNPs) on the shape memory behaviour of shape memory photo polymer composites (SMPPCs) and to optimize the shape-changing response by using the Taguchi method.Design/methodology/approachSMPPCs are synthesized by blending different weight fractions (Wt.%) of flexible or soft photopolymer (FPP) resin with hard photopolymer (HPP) resin, then reinforced with GNPs at various Wt.% to the blended PP resin, and then fabricated using masked stereolithography (MSLA) apparatus. The shape memory test is conducted to assess the shape recovery time (T), shape fixity ratio (Rf), shape recovery ratio (Rr) and shape recovery rate (Vr) using Taguchi analysis by constructing an L9 orthogonal array with parameters such as Wt.% of a blend of FPP and HPP resin, Wt.% of GNPs and holding time.FindingsSMPPCs with A3, B3 and C2 result in a faster T with 2 s, whereas SMPPCs with A1, B1 and C3 result in a longer T with 21 s. The factors A and B are ranked as the most significant in the Pareto charts that were obtained, whereas C is not significant. It can be seen from the heatmap plot that when factors A and B increase, T is decreasing and Vr is increasing. The optimum parameters for T and Vr are A3, B3 and C2 at the same time for Rf and Rr are A1, B3 and C1.Research limitations/implicationsFaster shape recovery results from a higher Wt.% of FPP resin in a blend than over a true HPP resin. This is because the flexible polymer links in FPP resin activate more quickly over time. However, a minimum amount of HPP resin also needs to be maintained because it plays a role in producing higher Rf and Vr. The use of GNPs as reinforcement accelerates the T because nanographene conducts heat more quickly, releasing the temporary shape of the specimen more quickly.Originality/valueThe use of FPP and HPP resin blends, fabricating the 4D-printed SMPPCs specimens with MSLA technology, investigating the effect of GNPs and optimizing the process parameters using Taguchi and the work was validated using confirmation tests and regression analysis, which increases the originality and novelty.

Magnetite embedded κ-carrageenan-based double network nanocomposite hydrogel with two-way shape memory properties for flexible electronics and magnetic actuators

Shape memory hydrogels attract increasing attention as flexible strain sensors due to their shape recovery property that can improve the lifetime of the sensor. Herein, we have designed a magnetic shape memory hydrogel based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, carrageenan, and poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) with self-adhesive and conductive properties. The resulting double network hydrogel showed promising actuator and strain sensor applications. Electrical conductivity was observed in this hydrogel without using additional ions. The presence of magnetite nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and temporary shape fixity ratio to around 6.5 MPa and 94.3 %, respectively. The excellent cantilever and catheter-like behavior of the hydrogels were illustrated through magnetic routing by an external magnet. Also, these hydrogels demonstrated suitable performance in the 500 cycles strain sensing tests before and after their initial shape recovery.

Dynamic Response and Deformative Mechanism of the Shape Memory Polymer Filled with Low-Melting-Point Alloy under Different Dynamic Loads.

Low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) was used as an additive to prepare epoxy-resin-based shape memory polymer composites (LMPA/EP SMP), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tests were performed to demonstrate the shape memory effect, storage modulus, and stiffness of the composites under different load cases. The composites exhibited an excellent shape recovery ratio and shape fixity ratio, and a typical turning point was observed in the storage modulus curves, which was attributed to the melting of the LMPA. In order to investigate the dynamic deformation mechanism at high strain rates, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments were performed to study the influence of the strain rate and plastic work on the dynamic mechanical response of LMPA/EP composites. The results showed that there was a saturated tendency for the flow stress with increasing strain rate, and the composites exhibited a typical brittle failure mode at high strain rate. Moreover, an obvious melting phenomenon of the LMPA was observed by SEM tests, which was due to the heat generated by the plastic work at high strain rate. The fundamental of the paper provided an effective approach to modulate the stiffness and evaluate the characteristics of SMP composites.

Biodegradable and reprocessable cellulose-based polyurethane films for bonding and heat dissipation in transparent electronic devices

It is challenging and attractive to prepare the bio-based polymers with comparable or even improved properties in terms of sustainability and economics. Here, the cellulose-based polyurethane films with ethyl cellulose as a soft segment to fully substitute polyether polyols were prepared in a facile and environmentally friendly preparation process. Moreover, the selected sample exhibited high transparency (transmittance of 84.4%), good shape memory behavior (shape fixation ratio of 95% and shape recovery ratio of 94.4%), tensile strength (9.2 MPa), good biodegradability (degradation half-life (t1/2) of 38 d) and excellent reprocessability (recycled 10 times). Especially, the cellulose-based polyurethane films performed the role of adhesive bonding with the different substrates. In addition, by adding Al2O3 nanoparticles, the EC-PU composites not only exhibited high transparency and excellent adhesive strength but also improved thermal conductivity. At a low filler loading (2.5 wt%) of Al2O3 nanoparticles (30 nm), the Al2O3-EC-PU4 film not only maintained higher transmittance of 73.6% but also had excellent lap-shear strength of 3.04 MPa. Moreover, both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of Al2O3-EC-PU4 film reached as high as 0.92 W/mK and 14.81 mm2/s, which are 146% and 1048% higher than the blank sample. Therefore, it has great potential in developing high performance bio-based plastics and transparent electronic fields.

Shape memory behavior of polyacrylate-based amorphous nanocomposite hydrogel under uniaxial tension: Modeling and experimental

In the present work, a comprehensive constitutive equation was developed to predict the shape memory behavior of amorphous nanocomposite hydrogel systems. The effects of interfaces of nanoparticles and micro-vessels of water with polymeric matrix and their thermal and physicomechanical properties on the model prediction were considered. An amorphous polyacrylate-based hydrogel with the glass transition temperature as a switching temperature was selected. Nanocomposite hydrogels containing 0.2 and 1.2 wt% of multiwall carbon nanotubes were prepared. The accuracy of the proposed model was evaluated with experimental data for all the selected systems. The dynamic mechanical analysis results of the shape memory behavior showed the presence of nanoparticles increased the shape fixing ratio and the rate of shape recovery of polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels. The model prediction of shape recovery ratio in all systems was 100%. A comparison of the model prediction with the shape memory experimental data revealed a good agreement.

High Energy Release-high Retraction Smart Polymer Fibers used in Artificial Muscle Fabrication

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) could remember their original shape and then, return to their initial shape upon stimulus. So far, quantities such as fixity and recovery ratio of SMPs have been broadly reported. Nevertheless, one main issue is the existence and use of an appropriate approach to quantitatively estimate the SMPs released energy. In addition, it is hypothesized that the elastic behavior of SMPs plays an underlying role when SMP fibers need to exhibit high-tension and high-elongation capacity as required in synthetic muscles. Here, we present, for first time, SMP trinary bulk and filament systems of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) fabricated under calendering intense shear mixing and hot pressing. A digital blocked force load cell was used to record specimens energy released. The results exhibited high retraction from the specimens secondary shape correlated to the tensile behavior. It was shown the blended system of 50, 25 and 25% of TPU, ABS and EVA, respectively, resulted in ~640% and 3900% increase in the elastic modulus and energy release compared to EVA/TPU systems. The double SMP filaments led to a 50% increase in the energy release compared to single fibers. Nevertheless, the blended binary specimens with the TPU/ABS ratio of 50/50 exhibited 600% increase in tensile strength. It was confirmed the elastic modulus, number of fibers and elongation at break govern the SMP stored. The findings of the research lightened a new class of SMPs to be used as fiber-based artificial muscles and orthodontic products.

Fabrication of controllable and reversible bidirectional shape memory fabric composites based on multiblock copolyimide and their properties

The construction of polymer-based materials with reversible bidirectional shape memory effects and good thermal properties is of paramount importance for the development of the intelligent exploration in high temperature fields. In this work, a series of multiblock shape memory copolyimides were synthesized with the introduction of soft segments containing aliphatic diamines into aromatic polyimide structures to control the mobility of the molecular chains. The number of blocks for copolyimide was finely regulated to optimize the shape memory behaviors with thermal stability and both of the shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio could reach higher than 97% with the triggering temperature around 260 °C. Then controllable fabric composites with high temperature and reversible bidirectional shape memory effects were firstly constructed by incorporating of deliberately designed block copolyimide with commercialized polyimide fabric. The flexible fabric composites exhibited variable fixed shapes by regulating the thickness discrepancies between upper and lower layers, which showed good two-way shape memory properties with the shape recovery ratio of 98% during the programming process, providing a new sight of the exploration for high temperature shape-memory materials.

A New Strategy for Achieving Shape Memory Effects in 4D Printed Two-Layer Composite Structures.

In this study, a new strategy and design for achieving a shape memory effect (SME) and 4D printed two-layer composite structures is unveiled, thanks to fused deposition modeling (FDM) biomaterial printing of commercial filaments, which do not have an SME. We used ABS and PCL as two well-known thermoplastics, and TPU as elastomer filaments that were printed in a two-layer structure. The thermoplastic layer plays the role of constraint for the elastomeric layer. A rubber-to-glass transition of the thermoplastic layer acts as a switching phenomenon that provides the capability of stabilizing the temporary shape, as well as storing the deformation stress for the subsequent recovery of the permanent shape by phase changing the thermoplastic layer in the opposite direction. The results show that ABS-TPU had fixity and recovery ratios above 90%. The PCL-TPU composite structure also demonstrated complete recovery, but its fixity was 77.42%. The difference in the SME of the two composite structures is related to the transition for each thermoplastic and programming temperature. Additionally, in the early cycles, the shape-memory performance decreased, and in the fourth and fifth cycles, it almost stabilized. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs illustrated superior interfacial bonding and part integrity in the case of multi-material 3D printing.

Trans-Polyisoprene/Poly (Ethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate) Polymer Composites as High-Performance Triple Shape Memory Materials.

The performance and programming conditions of the triple shape memory of crosslinked trans-polyisoprene/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (TPI/EVA) composites with different contents of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were investigated. The effect of triple shape memory in the TPI/EVA composites was studied by tensile loading, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). It was demonstrated that the content of DCP increased, the crystallization temperature of TPI decreased from 55.2 to 38.3 °C, and the crystallization temperature of EVA decreased slightly. The SEM results showed that DCP, as an initiator, could form a graft copolymer of TPI-g-EVA at the interface of the two phases, which could improve the adhesion of the two phases. The DMA showed that the higher the content of DCP, the higher the first-stage shape recovery ratio. Moreover, the composites exhibited favorable shape fixity ratio (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) with the incorporation of 0.4 phr DCP. At the same time, it was demonstrated that the TPI/EVA composites showed excellent mechanical strength, including tensile strength up to 24.3 MPa, as well as elongation at break reaching 508%.

Triple Stimuli-Responsive Flexible Shape Memory Foams with Super-Amphiphilicity.

Highly porous multi-responsive shape memory foams have unique advantages in designing 3D materials with lightweight for varied applications. Herein, a facile and efficient approach to fabricating a thermo-, electro-, and photo-responsive shape memory composite foam is demonstrated. A specific multi-step carbonization protocol is adopted for transforming commercial melamine sponge (MS) to highly porous carbon foam (CF) with robust elastic resilience, efficient electrothermal/photothermal conversions, and super-amphiphilicity. It is a novel proposal for CF to take the dual role of the elastic supporting framework and 3D energy conversion/transmission network without any functional fillers. The composite foam cPCL@CF incorporates the CF skeleton with in situ crosslinked polycaprolactone (PCL) layers, which exhibits high conductivity (≈140 S m-1 ) and excellent light absorption (≈97.7%) in the range of 250-2500nm. By triggering the crystalline transition of PCL, the composite foam displays sensitive electro- and photo-induced shape memory effect (SME) with outstanding shape fixation ratio (Rf ) and recovery ratio (Rr ). Thanks to the super-amphiphilicity and high electrical conductivity, the cPCL@CF composite foam can give rapid and distinguishable electric signals upon tiny drips of salt solutions or lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes, making it a new type of sensor for detecting electrolyte leakage.

Effects of Chemical Composition on the Shape Memory Property of Poly(dl-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) as Self-Morphing Small-Diameter Vascular Scaffolds.

Smart materials have great potential in many biomedical applications, in which biodegradable shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be used as surgical sutures, implants, and stents. Poly(dl-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PDLLTC) represents one of the promising SMPs and is widely used in biomedical applications. However, the relationship between its shape memory property and chemical structure has not been fully studied and needs further elaboration. In this work, PDLLTC copolymers in different compositions have been synthesized, and their shape memory properties have been investigated. It has been found that the shape memory property is related to the chemical composition and polymeric chain segments. The copolymer with a DLLA/TMC ratio of 75:25 (PDLLTC7525) has been demonstrated with great shape fixation and recovery ratio at human body temperature. Furthermore, PDLLTC7525-based self-morphing small-diameter vascular scaffolds adhered with inner electrospun aligned gelatin/hyaluronic acid (Gel/HA) nanofibers have been constructed, as a merit of its shape memory property. The scaffolds have been demonstrated to facilitate the proliferation and adhesion of endothelial cells on the inner layer. Therefore, PDLLTC with tailorable shape memory properties represents a promising candidate for the development of SMPs, as well as for small-diameter vascular scaffolds construction.

Development of electrothermal-driven graphene fiber/carbon fiber/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) shape memory composites for electromagnetic shielding

• The graphene fiber felt/carbon fiber felt/EVA (GFF/CFF/EVA) composites were prepared. • The GFF/CFF/EVA composites have good electrothermal-driven shape memory performance. • The GFF/CFF/EVA composites exhibit excellent electromagnetic shielding properties. In this work, electrothermal-driven shape memory graphene fiber felt/carbon fiber felt/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (GFF/CFF/EVA) EMI shielding composites were prepared via hotpress. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the GFF/CFF/EVA composites in X-band can reach 58.8 dB. Moreover, the shape memory fixity ratio and recovery ratio of the composites were 99% and 95%, respectively.

A photosensitive composition based on an aromatic polyamide for LCD 4D printing of shape memory mechanically robust materials

High-temperature shape memory polymers (SMPs) draw growing interest from researchers due to their potential as materials for application in the field of high-temperature smart devices. However, in the majority of cases the processing of high-temperature SMPs is limited by fabrication of two-dimensional films. Here, we have prepared a photosensitive composition based on high-performance heat resistant poly-N,N′-(m-phenylene)isophthalamide (MPA) and photosensitive components (N,N-dimethylacrylamide and bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BAEDA)). It has been shown by IR spectroscopy, that LCD 3D printing followed by post-curing at 150 °C results in the formation of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, while thermal processing at a temperature ≥200 °C leads to the formation of fully crosslinked structures due to the interaction of NH groups from MPA and acrylic groups from BAEDA via the Michael addition. The post-curing temperature has a significant effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of materials. Thermal post-curing of 3D printed samples at 250 °C for 1 h results in the fabrication of materials with the highest tensile strength (92.4 ± 6.1 MPa), glass transition temperature (148 °C) and thermal decomposition temperature (above 350 °C). Remarkably, MPA-based materials exhibit an excellent shape memory performance at temperatures >150 °C, with fixity ratio (Rf) of 99.7 % and recovery ratio (Rr) of 99.9 %. Moreover, we showed that the glass transition temperature decreased by no more than 1 % after γ-radiation of 200 Gy. In addition, the material maintains a high storage modulus and good shape memory performance after being irradiated, and thus has a great potential in the field of aerospace structural materials.

Characterization of Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymer and Determination of Shape Fixity and Shape Recovery in Subsequent Thermomechanical Cycles.

Multifunctional polyurethane shape memory polymers (PU-SMPs) have been of increasing interest in various applications. Here we report structure characterization, detailed methodology, and obtained results on the identification of functional properties of a thermoset PU-SMP (MP4510) with glass transition temperature of 45 °C. The stable, chemically crosslinked network of this thermoset PU-SMP results in excellent shape memory behavior. Moreover, the proximity of the activation temperature range of this smart polymer to room and body temperature enables the PU-SMP to be used in more critical industrial applications, namely fast-response actuators. The thermomechanical behavior of a shape memory polymer determines the engineering applications of the material. Therefore, investigation of the shape memory behavior of this class of commercial PU-SMP is of particular importance. The conducted structural characterization confirms its shape memory properties. The shape fixity and shape recovery properties were determined by a modified experimental approach, considering the polymer's sensitivity to external conditions, i.e., the temperature and humidity variations. Three thermomechanical cycles were considered and the methodology used is described in detail. The obtained shape fixity ratio of the PU-SMP was approximately 98% and did not change significantly in the subsequent cycles of the thermomechanical loading due to the stability of chemical crosslinks in the thermoset materials structure. The shape recovery was found to be approximately 90% in the first cycle and reached a value higher than 99% in the third cycle. The results confirm the effect of the thermomechanical training on the improvement of the PU-SMP shape recovery after the first thermomechanical cycle as well as the effect of thermoset material stability on the repeatability of the shape memory parameters quantities.

Shape memory property of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the thermomechanical condition on the shape memory property of Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT). PBAT is a widely researched and rapidly developed biodegradable copolyester. In a tensile test, we found that the fractured PBAT samples had a heat-driven shape memory effect which piqued our interest, and it will lay a foundation for the application of PBAT in new fields (such as heat shrinkable film).Design/methodology/approachThe shape memory effect of PBAT and the effect of the thermomechanical condition on its shape memory property were confirmed and systematically investigated by a thermal mechanical analyzer and tensile machine.FindingsThe results showed that the PBAT film had broad shape memory transform temperature and exhibited excellent thermomechanical stability and shape memory properties. The shape memory fixity ratio (Rf) of the PBAT films was increased with the prestrain temperature and prestrain, where the highest Rf exceeded 90%. The shape memory recovery ratio (Rr) of the PBAT films was increased with the shape memory recovery temperature and decreased with the prestrain value, and the highest Rr was almost 100%. Moreover, the PBAT films had high shape memory recovery stress which increased with the prestrain value and decreased with the prestrain temperature, and the highest shape memory recovery stress can reach 7.73 MPa.Research limitations/implicationsThe results showed that PBAT had a broad shape memory transform temperature, exhibited excellent thermomechanical stability and shape memory performance, especially for the sample programmed at high temperature and had a larger prestrian, which will provide a reference for the design, processing and application of PBAT-based heat shrinkable film and smart materials.Originality/valueThis study confirmed and systematically investigated the shape memory effect of PBAT and the effect of the thermomechanical condition on the shape memory property of PBAT.

3D biodegradable shape changing composite scaffold with programmable porous structures for bone engineering

This study developed a biodegradable composite porous polyurethane scaffold based on polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol by sequential in-situ foaming salt leaching and freeze-drying process with responsive shape changing performance. Biomineral hydroxyapatite (HA) was introduced into the polyurethane matrix as inorganic fillers. Infrared spectroscopy results proved a successful synthesis, scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffold’s porosity decreased with the addition of HA while the average pore size increased. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the addition of HA lowered the melting point of the scaffold, resulting in a transition temperature close to the human body temperature. From the bending experiments, it could be demonstrated that PUHA20 has excellent shape memory performance with shape fixity ratio >98.9% and shape recovery ratio >96.2%. Interestingly, the shape-changing capacity could be influenced by the porous structures with variation of HA content. The shape recovery speed was further accelerated when the material was immersed in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C. Additionally, in vitro mineralization experiments showed that the scaffold incorporating HA had good osteoconductivity, and implantation assessment proved that scaffolds had good in vivo biocompatibility. This scaffold is a promising candidate for implantation of bone defects.

4D Printing of Single-Network Shape Memory Polyurethanes with Two-Way Actuation Properties

Two-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) have received much attention due to their ability to enable stimuli-responsive reversible structures without requiring repeated human intervention, which may be useful for application in many fields where multiple actuation cycles are desired. However, many layered or composite SMP systems are not integrated structures and suffer from several disadvantages, such as poor interlayer adhesion with limited actuation repeatability. In addition, two-way SMPs are limited by their manufacturing method to producing user-defined, complex, high-precision devices and parts. In this work, we developed a 3D-printable resin comprising two polyurethane-based oligomers with distinctly different transition temperatures─polypentadecalactone diacrylate (PPDLDA) and polycaprolactone diacrylate (PCLDA)─together with other monomers to fabricate single-network two-way shape memory smart materials by digital light projection 3D printing. The chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of printed products can be easily tuned by facile manipulation of monomer and oligomer compositions. The PCLDA and PPDLDA switching segments were found to exhibit high mean shape fixity ratios (Rf) of >97% and high shape recovery ratios (Rr) of >89%. The strategy for achieving 3D-printable single-network two-way SMPs presented herein holds promise for applications in soft robotics, medicine, and so forth.

Space deployable parabolic reflector based on shape memory polymer composites

In this paper, a deployable parabolic reflector based on epoxy-based shape memory polymer (SMP) is investigated. A deployable SMP composite parabolic reflector with a diameter of 400 mm is designed and fabricated according to laboratory equipment conditions. The storage ratio and collapsed surface curvature of the three folding patterns are compared using finite element analysis (FEA). Then FEA is used to analyze the reflector's folding and deploying process by investigating the shape memory behaviors during these two processes as well as predicting the deploying time. Finally, the reflector folding and deploying tests are completed. The reflector’s shape fixation ratio, recovery ratio, and deploying time are measured to verify this pattern’s feasibility and rationality.

Interconnected pyrolysis and gasification of typical biomass in a novel dual fluidized bed

A novel 50 kg/h dual fluidized bed (DFB) was designed and constructed, and pilot study of interconnected pyrolysis and gasification/activation were conducted. Four typical biomass materials were investigated and compared in DFB system. Pyrolyzer temperature and riser temperature were 480–550 °C and 800–850 °C, respectively. Dolomite were used as bed material, and superheated steam was adopted as the fluidizing gas in pyrolyzer and transport gas in loop seals. Biochars were comprehensively characterized and analyzed, and were potential matrix for carbon-based materials. Biochar from wood sawdust was the best carbon-based material matrix compared to other biochars with the highest adsorption capacities of iodine (397.08 mg/g) and methylene blue (600.15 mg/g). Phenols and benzenes (total content of 63.26–97.36%) were the richest components in all bio-oils. Non-condensable pyrolysis gas from corn cob had the highest heating value (10.14 MJ/Nm3) and largest H2 content (23.91 vol%). The total energy yield was 63.54–84.95%, while energy efficiency was 63.79–82.47%. The carbon fixation ratio was in the range of 38.61–53.27% and the highest carbon fixation ratio was 53.27% from peanut shells. The advantages and feasibility of interconnected pyrolysis and gasification/activation technologies by DFB for biomass utilization and carbon capture were assessed in this pilot study. DFB is a promising technology to achieve carbon negative economy, and deserves more research in the future.