Fixed Telecommunications Network Research Articles

Renewal Study of LoCa Between ATS RO Unit and Approach Combined With Tower Unit Perum LPPNPI Ternate

An Air Traffic Controller (ATC) can be easily disrupted by several factors. At the AirNav Ternate Assistant Branch Office, the author observed several factors that could disturb the performance of an ATC. These factors include the need for ATC to directly monitor the AFTN (Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network) to discover flight plans and flight-related news. Each working unit must have good coordination. In the LOCA (Local Operating Control Area) between ATS RO (Area Control Center) and APP (Approach Control) combined with TWR (Tower), it is not clarified that ATS RO personnel inform the TWR unit about flight plans and flight-related news. Moreover, there is a lack of authority and responsibility for each unit, making it unclear what the exact authority and obligations of each unit are in carrying out their tasks. The research employed by the author involves qualitative observational research methods. The study led to the renewal of the LOCA between ATS RO and the APP combined with TWR in Ternate. This renewal includes the delineation of authority for each unit and the responsibilities that each unit must carry out. There is coordination regarding the notification of an aircraft's capabilities in using PBN (Performance-Based Navigation) or RNP (Required Navigation Performance) from the ATS RO unit to the APP combined with the TWR unit in Ternate. This coordination is achieved using the available communication tools.

Energy-saving traffic scheduling in backbone networks with software-defined networks

The rapid development of communications networks facilitate our lives but bring severe energy consumption problems. As an emerging network structure, software-defined networking can realize flexible scheduling of network traffic demands. In this paper, we exploit the above feature and adopt the idea that is powering down unnecessary links and improving links bandwidth’s utilization to formulate an optimization problem. It can realize reducing network costs while satisfying traffic demands and network resources. We propose a heuristic algorithm based on the maximum bandwidth utilization of activated links to solve this optimization problem. It aims to minimize energy costs by improving link utilization and turning on network devices as few as possible. Besides, we propose to divide all networks in a library of test instances for Survivable fixed telecommunication Network Design into four categories according to the network complexity. Finally, we choose eight different sizes of networks to verify our algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can realize energy-efficient and improve the energy-saving rate by 0.34–19.69% on average by improving the utilization of active links.

Regulating networks in decline

Demand for some services provided on traditional postal, electricity, gas and fixed telecommunications networks can be characterized as being in decline in some jurisdictions. Declining demand can give rise to difficult questions for regulators, in particular, the extent to which network operators can fully recover the costs of historic investments, and the efficiency and distributional effects of applying different rate structures. It can also raise fundamental questions about: the on-going rationale for regulation; the essential functions provided by network operators; and whether regulations should be applied symmetrically to traditional and alternative suppliers. Depending on the pace and scale of the decline, regulation may need to adapt. Proposals for adapting regulation are identified and critically examined in this paper, particularly in terms of the approach to setting the allowed level of revenues and the determination of rate structures.

Robust capacity assignment solutions for telecommunications networks with uncertain demands

AbstractWe consider the capacity planning of telecommunications networks with linear investment costs and uncertain future traffic demands. Transmission capacities must be large enough to meet, with a high quality of service (QoS), the range of possible demands, after adequate routings of the traffic on the created network. We use the robust optimization methodology to balance the need for a given QoS with the cost of investment. Our model assumes that the traffic for each individual demand fluctuates in an interval around a nominal value. We use a refined version of affine decision rules based on a concept of demand proximity to model the routings as affine functions of the demand realizations. We then give a probabilistic analysis assuming the random variables follow a triangular distribution. Finally, we perform numerical experiments on network instances from Survivable fixed telecommunication Network Design Library (SNDlib) and measure the quality of the solutions by simulation. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 62(4), 255–272 2013

How will telecommunications bundles impact competition and regulatory analysis?

In this article, one makes two points about the impact of bundles on competition and regulatory policy. First, one argues that the growing importance of bundles requires an adjustment in the current framework of relevant product markets for individual services, and that the traditional tools of competition policy, namely the SSNIP test, can be adjusted to deal with these new circumstances. Second, one argues that the technological and behavioral changes, underlying the emergence of bundles, call for a shift of emphasis in regulatory policy from ensuring access to the incumbent’s fixed telecommunications network services to ensuring access to television content.

Real options and cost-based access pricing: Model and methodology

This paper proposes a model and methodology for valuing the option to delay network investment decisions and calculating cost-based access prices. It argues that an option value multiple must be applied to the investment cost component of each network element in order to account for the value of the delay option that is extinguished at the time of investment. Option value multiples are calculated for the investment decision in three main network elements, each representing a different part of the Brazilian fixed telecommunications network, subject to different technological and demand uncertainties. After applying the markup factors, network costs must be assigned to network services on the basis of how much each service uses each network element.

An integrated automatic aviation meteorological instrument system at C. S. I. airport, Mumbai

An ‘Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological Instrument System’ (IAAMS) is installed atMumbai International Airport in May-2008. The system is State-of-the-Art and has features like automatic generation ofaviation reports; METAR / SPECI, AFTN (Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network) connectivity fordissemination of aviation weather reports to user agencies and ATIS (Automatic Terminal Interface System) forautomatic broadcasting of aviation weather reports to airborne pilot. Besides these features system is having facility toenter manually weather parameter for which sensors are not available such as cloud coverage, past weather, presentweather for generation of aviation reports. The system meets the requirements of operational desirable accuracy ofInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, 2004) and vector averaging of winds as per World MeteorologicalOrganization guidelines (WMO, 1992). The paper is mainly focusing on the different technical features of this newsystem along with its observational response in last one year at Mumbai airport. Similar system has been installed at othermajor airports; New Delhi (4 sites), Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Amritsar, Jaipur, and Guwahati. The system issupplied and installed by Telvent Company, Australia.

Social Link APP

In less than two decades, mobile communication has developed from a niche application to a mass-market high-tech product, having experienced an unprecedented growth never achieved by any other technology, whether radio, television, or even the Internet [1]. The technologies that have revolutionized communication started with the classical fixed telecommunication networks. On these networks, we have real-time communication using different media such as classical telephony using voice. Apart from the classical fixed telecommunication net works, another major area of growth has, of course, been the Internet. In its wake, services such as voice communication enhanced by video (e.g., Video Skype and Apple Facetime) have followed. Also, instant messaging is a form of real-time communications using text messages. Then we have asynchronous communications with two success stories: short message service (SMS) and e-mail.

An assessment of the equality of access and no-regulation approaches to next generation networks

The European Commission believes that for the regulation of next generation fixed telecommunications networks the continuity approach is preferable to the equality of access approach and the no-regulation approach. According to the European Commission, (i) functional separation eliminates discrimination and promotes competition, but should only be used as a measure of last resort because it involves various complex trade-offs, whereas (ii) the no-regulation approach fosters investment, at the cost of sacrificing competition. The article agrees that functional separation involves complex trade-offs but disputes the assertion that functional separation necessarily eliminates discrimination and promotes competition. In addition, the article also establishes conditions under which the no-regulation approach does not reduce competition.

Management and Challenges Facing Wireless Sensor Networks in Telemedicine Applications

This chapter focuses on the management process of the wireless sensor networks in telemedicine applications. The main management tasks that are reported and addressed covers: topology management, privacy and security issues in WSN management, topology management algorithms, and route management schemes. Also, failure detection in WSN and fault management application using MANNA was presented and discussed. The major challenges and design issues facing WSN management was touched in a separate section. Typical telemedicine interactions involve both store-and-forward and live interaction. Both the traditional live and store-and-forward telemedicine systems provide an extension of healthcare services using fixed telecommunications networks (i.e. non-mobile). Various telemedicine solutions have been proposed and implemented since its initial use some 30 years ago in the fixed network environment using wired telecommunications networks (e.g. digital subscriber line). Technological advancements in wireless communications systems, namely wireless personal area networks (WPANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), WiMAX broadband access, and cellular systems (2.5G, 3G and beyond 3G) now have the potential to significantly enhance telemedicine services by creating a flexible and heterogeneous network within an end-to-end telemedicine framework. In the future, integrating wireless solutions into healthcare delivery may well come to be a requirement, not just a differentiator, for accurate and efficient healthcare delivery. However, this raises some very significant challenges in terms of interoperability, performance and the security of such systems.

SNDlib 1.0Survivable Network Design Library

This article describes the Survivable Network Design Library (SNDlib), a data library for fixed telecommunication network design available at . In the current version 1.0, the library contains data...

SNDlib 1.0—Survivable Network Design Library

AbstractThis article describes the Survivable Network Design Library (SNDlib), a data library for fixed telecommunication network design available at http://sndlib.zib.de. In the current version 1.0, the library contains data related to 22 networks which, combined with a set of selected planning parameters, leads to 830 network design problem instances. In this article, we discuss the data concepts of SNDlib and describe a mathematical model for each design problem considered in the library. We also provide information on characteristic features and the origin of the SNDlib problem instances. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010

Konfrontasi and Australia's Aid to Indonesia during the 1960s

This article examines Australia's aid program in Indonesia in the 1960s. With the transfer by the Dutch of West New Guinea to Indonesia in May 1963, the Australian government looked to expand aid to its northern neighbour beyond the Colombo Plan in an effort to cement friendly relations. The events associated with konfrontasi threatened this policy objective. Yet despite Indonesia's belligerent stance, Australia was able to continue its aid program (by supporting the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network) and to keep the lines of communication with Jakarta open. When konfrontasi ended in August 1966 after regime change in Indonesia, Australia was able to rapidly expand its aid program. This article argues that konfrontasi changed the ways in which Australia's aid program in Indonesia was construed, which in turn contributed to a re‐consideration of the role of aid in Australia's foreign policy more broadly.

MODERN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS IN THE AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (ATN)

This paper summarizes the results of a study of modern telecommunication technology in the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network. The ATN is a data communications inter‐network that provides its users a robust and reliable Air/Ground and Ground/Ground communications service. The Air Telecommunication Network is build on a ring of fixed telecommunication networks. The article deals with the integration of modern telecommunication technology into the still developing sector of aeronautical telecommunication.

A comprehensive review of nature inspired routing algorithms for fixed telecommunication networks

The major contribution of the paper is a comprehensive survey of existing state-of-the-art Nature inspired routing protocols for fixed telecommunication networks developed by researchers who are trained in novel and different design doctrines and practices. Nature inspired routing protocols have been becoming the focus of research because they achieve the complex task of routing through simple agents which traverse the network and collect the routing information in an asynchronous fashion. Each node in the network has a limited information about the state of the network, and it routes data packets to their destination based on this local information. The agent-based routing algorithms provide adaptive and efficient utilization of network resources in response to changes in the network catering for load balancing and fault management. The paper describes the important features of stigmergic routing algorithms, evolutionary routing algorithms and artificial intelligence routing algorithms for fixed telecommunication networks. We also provide a summary of the protocols developed by the networking community. We believe that the survey will be instrumental in bridging the gap among different communities involved in research of telecommunication networks.

A Convergent Mobile Infrastructure: Competition or Co-operation

This paper will describe how the various telecommunication networks are converging to create an environment described by this paper as a Convergent Mobile Infrastructure (CMI). The convergent mobile infrastructure spans multiple technologies including fixed telecommunication network, Wireless Fidelity (WIFI) networks and space technologies, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). A business model framework is presented which is derived from the literature to aid the development of viable business models expected from the amalgamation of mobile telecommunication and space infrastructure. With examples for the global mobile telecommunication industry, this theoretical paper will illustrate the importance of technological and organizational co-operation between the various actors. The paper argues that using the business model concept to describe the framework for a convergent mobile infrastructure can increase adoption of competing network technologies.

Decision support system for disaster communications in Dalmatia

Taking into account that Dalmatia (Croatian region), due to its natural characteristics, is exposed to the dangers caused by natural or other catastrophes, within the DPPI (Disaster Preparation and Prevention Initiative) a project for telecommunications and information support during emergency situations is conceptualised. Within the project, a decision support system (DSS) is developed. The objective of the DSS is to support decision processes in the phases of preparation, prevention and planning of a protection system from natural and other catastrophes, as well as in phases throughout interventions during an emergency situation in the telecommunications segment. The basic module of such a conceptualised DSS is the GIS (Geographical Information System) of the area covered by the project with all necessary data about the region. Using a combination of GIS and multicriteria methods, according to dominant natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, weather, wildfires and others, data about the vulnerability of the telecommunications system are generated. Other modules of the DSS contain alternative plans of the telecommunications system functioning during natural catastrophes, based on system vulnerability, such as automatic use of optic fibre rings and SDH equipment, as well as physical intervention in the system on planned positions (positioning of mobile GSM and other stations, and other alternative solutions through a fixed telecommunications network) and logistic operations such as giving priority to certain users, changing area code numbers, establishment of alternative routes, etc.

Competition and innovation: The diffusion of mobile telecommunications in Central and Eastern Europe

The paper unravels the determinants of the diffusion of mobile telecommunications in Central and Eastern Europe. About 20% of the population will adopt mobile telecommunications. The diffusion speed is faster in countries that have adopted mobile telecommunications late, implying a pattern of convergence in the diffusion levels. The speed of diffusion increases with the number of firms. Simultaneous entry is more effective than sequential entry in accelerating the diffusion speed. Diffusion speed increases with the size of the fixed telecommunications network and the length of the waiting list. Policy recommendations derived from these results permit to further qualify popular views on the sector.

An error concealment technique in the spatial frequency domain

Multimedia services requiring image and video compression are now widely available over fixed telecommunications networks such as the internet. In the future, these services will also be provided over wireless networks similar to those currently used for digital mobile telephony. As a consequence of the high bit error rates associated with these channels, special error-resilient coding techniques are required to achieve a satisfactory picture quality. In this paper, we describe a new error concealment technique that operates in the spatial frequency domain. A particular advantage of this technique is that it can be used in applications, such as surveillance, where traditional error concealment techniques involving spatial interpolation cannot be used.

Wideband propagation measurements of short range millimetric radio channels

There is an increasing emphasis to extend the services available on fixed telecommunication networks to the mobile user. One area of the RACE 1043 project examined the possibility of universal mobile services within future integrated broadband communications networks. Essential to the feasibility of such a scheme is an understanding of the wideband characteristics of the radio channel. The article describes the results of a wideband channel sounding programme conducted at 39 and 60 GHz, together with a channel-modelling exercise based on these measurements, aimed at producing a statistical model of the wide band millimetric channel.