Fixed-bed Column Adsorption Research Articles

A Fixed Bed Adsorption Column Study for Synthetic Dye Wastewater using Magnetic Biochar

The study aimed to investigate the performance of a fixed bed column using magnetic biochar as an adsorbent for synthetic dye wastewater treatment. The magnetic biochar was synthesized by pyrolyzing paper mill sludge at 350 ℃ and modified with iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance its magnetic properties. The adsorption capacity of the magnetic biochar was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) dye in wastewater. In present study the fixed bed column adsorption was conducted using MBC to treat MB wastewater. A fixed bed column setup was utilized in the experiments, maintaining a continuous flow rate of 15 mL/min at various bed height (i.e. 2.5, 5 & 7cm). Breakthrough & exhaustion capacity for each three different bed height at constant flow rate was also carried out. The Yoon-Nelson and Thomas kinetics models were also used in order to understand the dynamic performance of the fixed bed column. the respectively. The results shows that Yoon-Nelson model fitted best for the experimental data approximately R2 value of 0.96 against Thomas model R2 value of 0.95. Hence, it can be concluded that fixed bed column with MBC performed best with higher bed height & adsorption process is limited by film & pore diffusion

Decolorization of tea industry wastewater utilizing tea waste bio-adsorbent in fixed-bed adsorption column: breakthrough curves analysis and modeling

Decolorization of tea industry wastewater utilizing tea waste bio-adsorbent in fixed-bed adsorption column: breakthrough curves analysis and modeling

Nitrate removal from aqueous solution by glucose-based carbonaceous adsorbent: Batch and fixed-bed column adsorption studies

In the present study, the glucose-based carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from glucose, melamine and urea by using ZnCl2 activation and heated at 550°C under N2 flow. The sample was treated for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd activation process, and they were characterized by N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the content of nitrogen increased and that of oxygen decreased with the increasing of the number of activation process. The adsorbent obtained after the 2nd activation showed the best adsorption properties and was used in batch and fixed-bed column adsorption studies. In batch adsorption experiments, we investigated the factors affecting nitrate adsorption such as initial concentration, solution pH, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics. The isotherm data and kinetic data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir model was 1.58 mmol/g at pH 3. The adsorption performance of the adsorbent in industrial application mode was also investigated by fixed-bed column experiments. The breakthrough time of the packed column was 160 min for the initial nitrate concentration of 200 mg/L at pH 3. The saturated column could be regenerated by 1 mol/L HCl and reused for at least 5 adsorption-desorption cycles. The column showed good adsorption performance in both coexisting ions solution and real contamination water.

Effect of Bed height on Chromium (III) and Manganese (IV) Fixed-bed Column Adsorption from Crude Oil Contaminated Water from Okuru River in Ogali, Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria

Effect of Bed height on Chromium (III) and Manganese (IV) Fixed-bed Column Adsorption from Crude Oil Contaminated Water from Okuru River in Ogali, Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria

Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption Studies of Synthetic Organic Chemicals Using Carbonized and Surface-Modified Carbons from Nipa Palm Leaves

Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption Studies of Synthetic Organic Chemicals Using Carbonized and Surface-Modified Carbons from Nipa Palm Leaves

Effect of montmorillonite nanosheets on the adsorption performance of hydrogel beads and the study of column adsorption

In this work, hydrogel beads with 3D network structure were successfully prepared using montmorillonite nanosheets (MMTNS) combined with macromolecule polymers. Batch adsorption tests revealed that the increase in exfoliation degree of MMTNS was beneficial to improve the methylene blue (MB) adsorption on hydrogel beads (HB). In addition, the HB with 25 % MMTNS-3 dosage achieved high mechanical strength and reached the maximum adsorption capacity of 543.1 mg/g. Effects of MB concentration (40–120 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (1–1.5 g) and flow rate (5–15 mL/min) on fixed-bed column adsorption indicated that the HB column exhibited an excellent dynamic adsorption performance and recycling performance, much better than the D113 resin. The good fits of Pseudo-first-order model and Pseudo-second-order model and a better Langmuir model fitting result implied a monolayer chemical adsorption and physical adsorption nature of MB on HB. Moreover, scanning electron microscope combined with the energy dispersive spectrometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicated that the adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to Ca ion-exchange and chemical bonding of –COOH and –OH groups with MB. Such hydrogel beads showed a good potential in the application of practical wastewater treatment.

Coupled adsorption-phytoremediation treatment of cellulose-reactive blue dye in a sustainable multi-step pilot-scale process.

A single-step dye removal strategy from wastewater is inadequate for concentrations above 100mg/L. In order to address this limitation, the adsorption of high dye concentrations followed by phytoremediation is a potential approach for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater. This combined method utilizes physical adsorption and biological processes to remove dyes from wastewater. Herein, we investigated a pilot-scale multi-step cascaded process where batch adsorption and fixed-bed column adsorption were combined with phytoremediation to remove cellulose-reactive blue dye at 200 to 500mg/L concentrations. The batch adsorption utilized low-cost water hyacinth root powder (WHRP) bioadsorbent having 670 m2/g surface area, whereas the fixed-bed column adsorption used sand having a surface area of 75 m2/g. The phytoremediation process utilized water hyacinth plants in a series of ponds. The effluent from one unit is fed to the next until the dye is removed to more than 98% for all concentrations considered in this study. Pilot-scale experimental data fitting to adsorption isotherms and kinetics were performed to gain insight into the pilot-scale adsorption mechanism. The fixed-bed sand column adsorption was conducted at different inlet dye concentrations, flow rates, and bed heights. The breakthrough curves were fit to the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Bohart-Adams models. The effluent from the fixed-bed column was transferred to phytoremediation ponds, where complete dye removal was achieved. Overall, data collectively presented in this study demonstrated that the combined adsorption and phytoremediation approach offers a potential solution for the remediation of high dye concentration in wastewater, providing an effective and sustainable treatment option.

Two Dimensional (2D) Multi-Scale Modeling of Fixed Bed Adsorption Column Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation

Natural gas has received much attention with low environmental impact in recent decades as a fuel source. Flexible natural gas purification systems with minimal carbon dioxide footprints are growing in need. There are few techniques that base current industrial decontamination systems on among which adsorption is considered to be the promising one. Herein multi-scale models have advanced to simulate the hydrodynamics and adsorption-dynamics of gases in the adsorption column, a mixture of (CO2 and CH4) In the current analysis, a two-dimensional (2D) porous media was modelled using CFD multi-scale model. A fixed-bed adsorption column was used for the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from methane (CH4) and the silicate adsorbent adsorption kinetics linear driving force (LDF) model was simulated to describe it. The adsorption phenomena simulation inside the fixed bed using CFD method was implemented and using user defined function (UDF) and the user defined scalar (UDS), porous media concept and the mass transfer coefficient for gas components (CO2/CH4) were developed. The experimental data was used to validate the model which was collected based on varying a number of laboratory conditions. The simulation results prediction of methane recovery and breakthrough curves shows an acceptable agreement with the experimental data with the highest error lower than 3.5%. Moreover, the effect of feed concentration (15,35 and 75%), feed velocity effect (0.03,0.05 and 0.07 m/s), effect of bed porosity (0.42, 0.52 and 0.62), effect of inlet concentration on temperature (15, 30 and 60%), particle radius (0.0006, 0.0007 and 0.0008m) and effect of bed height (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5m) were investigated. The present results received from the CFD approach suggests that they are capable to predict the adsorption phenomena and hydrodynamics in the adsorption column.

Development of new effective activated carbon supported alkaline adsorbent used for removal phenolic compounds

Phenolic (phenol) compounds are the major contaminates in wastewater, which can have a considerable negative influence on the environment and health of human. Adsorption is an efficient process that is widely applied in order to eliminate phenol in wastewater. In recent, Adsorption process has acquired a lot of attentiveness owing to its relative moderate operating conditions. However, adsorption process needs considerable ameliorations in terms of adsorbent modification, process type, productivity, and conversion rate. This work studies the development of a fast and effective adsorption process in a fixed bed adsorption column (FBAC) in order to reach safe and continuous elimination of phenolic compounds. Several adsorption parameters (reaction temperature, adsorbent bed height, feed flow rate and kind of adsorbent) were studied to achieve the highest removal of phenolic compounds. The adsorption process was conducted in the presence of two type of adsorbents (activated carbon (AC), and KOH/AC), 73% and 94% of phenol elimination were attained, respectively, at 10 cm bed height, 1 ml/s feed flow rate, and 75 °C reaction temperature. The adsorbents activity was investigated after six consecutive adsorption cycles at the best process conditions, and the adsorbents show high stability in terms of phenolic compounds adsorption. After that, the spent adsorbents were regenerated by utilizing various solvents (methanol, ethanol and iso-octane), and the results show that iso- octane achieved highest regeneration efficiency. The adsorption process was implemented in the adsorption column that the performance is possibly to be adjusted at an industrial scale since it can be scaled up predictably.

High removal performance of reactive blue 5G dye from industrial dyeing wastewater using biochar in a fixed-bed adsorption system: Approaches and insights based on modeling, isotherms, and thermodynamics study

In an eco-friendly context, an adsorption study was performed in a fixed-bed column system to remove organic pollutants from dyeing wastewater, testing preliminary theoretical models and reactive blue 5G (RB5G) dye as a reference pollutant and tilapia bone-based biochar as an alternative adsorbent. Adsorption approaches in removing RB5G dye molecules from synthetic solutions were performed to understand better based on a reliable mathematical representation and provide insights and strategies into treating dyeing wastewater. Initial dye concentration, pH, temperature, and stirring velocity were used as process variables to search for maximal capacity in batch mode. Thermodynamic analysis and a series of phenomenological kinetic models were applied to understand and interpret the mechanisms and develop a predictive model for a fixed-bed column adsorption system, trying to minimize the total organic carbon (TOC) in dyeing wastewater. An intraparticle mass transfer resistance model and the Langmuir-BET isotherm better represented kinetic and equilibrium data, respectively. In the Langmuir-BET model context, the first monolayer has systematically changed its predicted Langmuir adsorption capacity from 18 mg g−1 to 31 mg g−1 being favored by the increase in temperature of 30 to 60 °C, respectively, with the lowest Gibbs free energies for the multilayer formation ruled by weak physical interaction. Theoretical values of the breakpoint, full saturation time, and useful column height were well predicted related to their experimental ones, including the better fitting of all adsorption curve patterns in a fixed-bed adsorption column system with an adsorption capacity of 30.4 mg g−1 (at 50 °C) for an inlet of 200 mg L−1 RB5G solution resembling almost the same value found in batch mode (30.9 mg g−1). After treating the dyeing wastewater characterized by 75 mg L−1 RB5G dye, the adsorption capacity of 23.3 mg g−1 was attained with a 12% loss in comparison with the expected one for a synthetic RB5G solution due to adsorptive competition with other organic pollutants. Finally, a final TOC value near 5.0 mg L−1, the maximum allowed for the Brazilian environmental council, was attained with an almost zero RB5G concentration after a 5-h breakpoint.

A convenient functionalization strategy of polyimide covalent organic frameworks for uranium-containing wastewater treatment and uranium recovery

The purpose of this research was to design and synthesize an adsorbent based on polyimide covalent organic frameworks (PICOFs) for uranium-containing wastewater treatment and uranium recovery. A modified solvothermal method was innovatively proposed to synthesize PICOFs with high specific surface area (1998.5 m2 g−1) and regular pore structure. Additionally, a convenient functionalization strategy of PICOFs was designed through polydopamine (PDA) and a well-dispersed polymer (MPC-co-AO) containing multiple functional groups, forming stable composite (PMCA-TPPICOFs) in which the hydrogen bonding and cation-π interactions between PDA and MPC-co-AO played a key role. The obtained PMCA-TPPICOFs as an adsorbent exhibited strong selectivity for uranyl ions (maximum adsorption capacity was 538 mg g−1). In simulated wastewater with low uranium concentrations, the removal rate reached 98.3%, and the concentration of treated simulated wastewater met discharge standards. Moreover, PMCA-TPPICOFs was suitable for fixed-bed column adsorption because of its favorable structure. According to the research about adsorption mechanism, the adsorption primarily relied on electrostatic interaction and complexation. In summary, PMCA-TPPICOFs exhibited good potential for uranium-containing wastewater treatment, expanding the application of PICOFs. And the proposed functionalization strategy and modified solvothermal method may promote research in the fields of material functionalization and COFs synthesis. Environmental ImplicationUranium is a raw material for nuclear energy applications, which is toxic and radioactive. If uranium is discharged with wastewater, it would not only pose a threat to the environmental protection and life safety, but also cause the loss of precious nuclear raw materials. Although adsorption was considered to be an effective way to remove uranium, many of the developed adsorbents were difficult to apply due to the harsh wastewater environment and complex preparation processes. This study reported a novel adsorbent and a new functionalization strategy, which was expected to solve the problem of uranium recovery in wastewater.

Synthesis, performance and reaction mechanisms of Ag-modified multi-functional rice husk solvochar for removal of multi-heavy metals and water-borne bacteria from wastewater

This study introduces a new thermo-chemical conversion technique, solvothermal carbonization on rice husk with alcoholic solvents, ethanol, and isopropanol (IPA) at a low temperature, 280 ℃ with 2 h reaction time to produce innovative char, solvochar. Solvochars were hierarchically activated by potassium hydroxide (KOH), impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and stabilized through the calcination process at high temperatures and residence time. The functionalized solvochar was comprehensively characterized by FTIR, BET-BJH, XRD, XRF and XPS analyses. The maximum surface area, pore diameter and pore volume were obtained, 77.38 m2/g, 18.44 nm and 0.32 cm3/g by IPA-AgNPs. The active units in functionalized solvochars were enhanced surface area-porosity, sp2, and sp3-hybridized aromatic carbon compounds and oxygen-containing alcoholic groups for physio-chemisorption of heavy metal ions. Further, the functionalized solvochars were applied for the adsorption of multi-heavy metal ions, Cu2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ through fixed-bed flow column adsorption till reaching the saturation stage of two consecutive cycles. The heavy metal ion adsorption uptake for experimented solvochars were ⁓100–230 mg/g Cu2+, ⁓513–569 mg/g Fe3+, ⁓3–9 mg/g Mn2+, ⁓164–190 mg/g Pb2+, ⁓64–100 mg/g Zn2+ for 1st cycle and ⁓2–57 mg/g Cu2+, ⁓6–132 mg/g Fe3+, ⁓3–5 mg/g Mn2+, ⁓3–30 mg/g Pb2+, ⁓2–19 mg/g Zn2+ for 2nd cycle. The adsorption kinetics have been analyzed by intra-particle diffusion (IPD) modelling. Among multi-heavy metal ions, Fe3+ was adsorbed continuously till the saturation stage and R2 was obtained, 0.67–80 through IPD modelling. The post-adsorption characterization of solvochars presented the possibility of recycling. The significant presence of sp3d-hybridized AgNPs in all adsorbents acted as a potent antimicrobial agent against the most common wastewater-relevant bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. 0.03 wt% loading rate of Ag-functionalized solvochars inhibited both bacteria growths completely. This phenomenon reinforces the potential of the Ag-modified solvochar composites to be applied as potential multi-functional adsorbents for realistic approach.

A novel machine learning framework for predicting biogas desulfurization breakthrough curves in a fixed bed adsorption column

The corrosive and toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas is a pressing concern for researchers, spurring the development of predictive models for breakthrough curves in fixed-bed adsorption columns. This study utilizes Machine Learning (ML) to predict biochar H2S adsorption model parameters and establishes novel connections between contributing features and these parameters. The ML models could predict the process BC with an R2 score higher than 0.8 in 75 % of cases in the testing sets. A comprehensive features importance analysis reveals that Biochar's pH is the most influential factor, positively correlating with BC parameters and enabling more efficient H2S removal followed by H2S concentration, H/C molar ratio, and particle size. Understanding these relationships offers practical guidance for improving biogas purification, making this study valuable in addressing the H2S challenges and showcasing the potential of ML in predicting BC in fixed bed adsorption columns, providing a foundation for enhancing the adsorption process.

Fixed-bed column adsorption modeling using Zr biocomposites for fluoride removal

ABSTRACT This research involved conducting continuous adsorption experiments to assess fluoride elimination from drinking water achieved by utilizing biocomposites created from the peels of oranges and apples, which were impregnated with zirconium (Zr), to form BOP-Zr and BAP-Zr, respectively. The findings from the experimental data indicate that BOP-Zr and BAP-Zr are effective biosorbents with a solid ability to remove fluoride selectively. Additionally, these biosorbents were found to be stable, as they do not release Zr into the treated water. Notably, these environmentally friendly biosorbents are derived from renewable sources and enhance the value of waste materials. The study employed various empirical models, including Bohart-Adamas, Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, BDST, Clark, Yan, and Woolborska, to elucidate the mechanisms and crucial parameters involved in fluoride adsorption within packed bed columns. The Yan model demonstrated the highest correlation among these models, indicating a chemical adsorption process with kinetics following a pseudo-second-order pattern. BOP-Zr and BAP-Zr exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.3 and 47.5 mg/g, respectively, under a flow rate of 4 mL/min and an inlet fluoride concentration of 25 mg/L. The analysis of mass transfer coefficients revealed that the primary step governing the adsorption procedure was diffusion through pores. Consequently, the study conclusively establishes that BOP-Zr and BAP-Zr biocomposites, originating from lignocellulosic biomass remains, present a practical and competitive choice for eliminating fluoride from water. These materials surpass waste materials in performance and rival more expensive options in efficiency and performance.

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid clay@Fe3O4 for acid blue113 sequestration using a fixed-bed adsorption column

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid clay@Fe3O4 for acid blue113 sequestration using a fixed-bed adsorption column

Removal of Pb (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), and As (III) ions from water using kraft pulp-based carboxymethylated cellulose in a fixed-bed column adsorption process

Carboxymethylated cellulose containing 1.2 mmol -COOH/g was synthesized from kraft pulp (KP) through a carboxymethylation reaction. This carboxymethylated KP was employed as a sustainable adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions, including Pb (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), and As (III), from water. The adsorption process was conducted in both single and multi-component systems using a fixed-bed column. The results showed that the adsorbent effectively removed approximately 99 % of each metal ion from water under the following conditions: feed pH of 5.5, feed flow rate of 15 mL/min, and feed concentrations of 10 mg/L (for the single component system) and 2.5 mg/L for each metal ion (for the multi-component system). The metal ion retention capacities of the adsorbent were determined as 101.0 mg/g for Pb (II), 33.7 mg/g for Zn (II), 31.7 mg/g for Cu (II), and 20.0 mg/g for As (II) in the single component system, and 20.3 mg/g for Pb (II), 8.4 mg/g for Zn (II), 7.8 mg/g for Cu (II), and 4.5 mg/g for As (III) in the multi-component system. Moreover, a simple acid treatment using a 0.01 M HCl solution was found to be highly effective in regenerating the adsorbent. Even after the fifth regeneration/reuse cycle, the adsorbent was completely regenerated, demonstrating its potential for repeated use.

Lignocellulosic biomass functionalized with EDTA dianhydride for removing Cu (II) and dye from wastewater: Batch and fixed-bed column adsorption

This work aims to introduce new chelating materials based on lignocellulosic biomass from Gundelia Tournefortii (GT). In terms of functionalization, GT has been modified using ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD). Functionalized/modified Gundelia Tournefortii (EGT) and GT were characterized by the Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. In this regard, adsorption experiments (continuous fixed-bed column, batch) have been conducted using EGT to adsorb contaminants (Cu (II) and dye). The batch tests investigate the optimum condition, factors like: duration of experiment, the value of pH, EGT amount, and the initial concentration of the prepared solution. According to experimental data, sorption followed Langmuir isotherm. Besides, the most suitable kinetics model was pseudo-second-order. The capacity of this adsorbent reached 156.78 mg/g as the maximum amount. In terms of fixed-bed column study, functional items such as flow rate, bed depth, inflow concentration on EGT performance in the continuous adsorption column were assessed. Results confirmed that the enhancement in the inflow concentration and bed length, and flow rate decline, reinforced EGT removal capability. The dynamic capacity of this adsorbent is projected to reach 15.61 mg/g as the maximum amount in certain conditions. Modeling of experimental breakthrough curve demonstrated that the Thomas model is better described rather than Yoon-Nelson and Adams-Bohart models. Also, the results indicated that the Lignocellulosic biomass had dye (Direct Red 23: DR23) removal ability.

Nano-impregnation on metakaolin backbone for enhanced removal of Cu(II) and Mn(II) ions in a binary system using fixed bed column

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the synthesis and characterization of a novel composite material composed of metakaolin (MK), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), graphene oxide (GO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) for the efficient removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The main objective of this research was to enhance the removal efficiency of Cu(II) and Mn(II) ions in a binary system using a fixed bed column adsorption technique while investigating the effect of impregnating the nanomaterials. The synthesized samples were subjected to a thorough characterization using various techniques. These analyses provided insights into the structural properties and morphology of the composite material. The adsorption performance of the MK/CNF/GO/ZnO composite was evaluated through breakthrough curve analysis and kinetic modeling. The MDR model provided good fits with R2 values of 0.962 and 0.967 for Cu(II) and Mn(II) respectively. Based on the experimental breakthrough curve data, the saturation and breakthrough capacities of the composite material were calculated to be 5.97 mg/g and 4.84 mg/g for Cu(II) and Mn(II) respectively, achieved after a saturation time of 102 min for Cu(II) and 128 min for Mn(II). The results demonstrated a synergistic effect between GO and CNF, resulting in enhanced adsorption efficiency. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles further improved the adsorption capacity due to their high surface area, providing additional active sites for adsorption. The results showed that combining CNF, GO, and ZnO in a composite resulted in extended breakthrough and exhaustion times compared to the combination of CNF and GO alone.

Self-cross-linking of metal-organic framework (MOF-801) in nanocellulose aerogel for efficient adsorption of Cr (VI) in water

Chromium (Cr) poses significant hazards to both human health and the natural environment. Therefore, in this study, metal-organic framework (MOF-801) was compounded with nanocellulose aerogel for the first time. And a nanocellulose/metal-organic framework composite aerogel was developed for efficient chromium ion adsorption. The resulting aerogel has an ultra-low density (0.017 g/cm3) and high porosity (98.87%). The removal efficiency of this aerogel for Cr (VI) (93.86%) was measured to be higher than that of cellulose nanofiber aerogel (TCNF: 50.08%) and MOF-801 powder (59.86%). It was also higher than the cellulose nanocellulose aerogel prepared without MOF-801 (TMPA: 70.58%). This is because MOF-801 cross-linked with nanocellulose increased its porosity and provided a large number of adsorption sites. The maximum adsorption of Cr (VI) by this aerogel was 350.64 mg/g (5.96 mg/cm3). The adsorption mechanism was investigated by adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, XPS, and FT-IR analysis. The aerogel has good reusability, with no significant loss of adsorption performance over 6 cycles. It is worth mentioning that 0.69 g (V: 7.363 cm3) of aerogel could effectively remediate 3710 mL of chromium-containing wastewater in a fixed-bed column adsorption experiment. In addition, the aerogel can effectively remove many metal ions from wastewater. As a result, the aerogel made in this study has the ability to be an effective adsorbent for metal ion removal.

A study of the Effect of the Weight of a Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column for Removal of Ferrous Iron (Fe2+) in Groundwater using Activated Carbon

The study involves the simulation of a fixed-bed adsorption column with COMSOL Multiphysics software. The bed of the Adsorption column was filled with only activated carbon to absorb the ferrous Iron. The equilibrium and dynamic model equations of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and fixed-bed adsorption column were used and inputted into the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Line graphs and 2D surface plots were generated from the software after the simulation. Simulated result showed that increase in the weight of the bed could increase the bed performance and indicated that about 28 days’ operative performance of the bed could be achieved for a bed weight of 1500kg and particle size of 0.001m.