Investment In Fixed Assets Research Articles

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Tax Avoidance

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of company size and Capital Intensity on tax avoidance of mining companies in 2019-2021. Sampling using purposive sampling technique, the number of data is 42. Types of quantitative data and secondary data. Multiple regression data analysis techniques, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing (t test). The results of research on firm size and Capital Intensity have no effect on tax avoidance. Big companies will not do tax evasion because they have a reputation. Fixed asset investment aims to improve the company's operations to achieve high profits.

Study on prediction and influencing factors of energy consumption in Jiangxi province

This study aims to determine the main factors affecting energy consumption in Jiangxi Province, and to forecast energy consumption effectively. An indicator system of energy consumption influencing factors containing 17 variables is constructed from 4 aspects of economy, society, technology and energy. Based on relevant data from 1996 to 2021, conduct comprehensive analysis and select 10 main factors. Establish three energy consumption prediction models: multiple regression model (MLR), time series model (ARIMA), and support vector regression (SVR). Evaluate the prediction performance through mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and goodness of fit (R2). The main influencing factors of energy consumption are determined as GDP, output value of the tertiary industry, industrial output value, residents’ consumption level, fixed assets investment of the whole society, total population, urbanization rate, internal expenditure of R&D funds, energy intensity, and energy consumption structure. The best prediction model is SVR model. It provides a basis for the effective formulation of energy policies and the implementation of economic development programs.

The driving factors of recreational utilization of ecological space in urban agglomerations: The perspective of urban political ecology

Understanding factors driving the recreational utilization of ecological space in urban agglomerations is crucial for the sustainable management of regional systems. However, existing literature focuses on the provision, distribution, and accessibility of urban green space at small scales, lacking explorations into ecological recreational spaces at an urban agglomeration scale. The current study explores the recreational utilization of ecological space in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China by using panel data regression and field investigations from the perspective of urban political ecology. The results show that the forest area proportion, natural reserve area proportion, fiscal revenue, and tourist numbers all have a positive effect on the recreational utilization rate of ecological space; the fixed assets investment exerts unstable prohibitive impacts on the RUoES rate, and the wetland area proportion presents a negative effect on the RUoES rate; land use rights and regional governance structure exacerbate the imbalanced distribution of the rate across different cities. The research contributes to the existing literature by researching urban ecological space from a recreational perspective and at a broader spatial scale, thereby promoting the theoretical integration of recreational geography and political ecology.

Excess Investment and Efficiency Loss During Reforms: The Case of Provincial-level Fixed-Asset Investment in People’s Republic of China

Excess Investment and Efficiency Loss During Reforms: The Case of Provincial-level Fixed-Asset Investment in People’s Republic of China

THE INFLUENCE OF FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS, SOLVENCY ON THE PROFITABILITY OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2017-2020

This research aims to investigate the effect of fixed asset investment and solvency level on the profitability of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017-2020 period. Through analysis of company financial data, this research obtained significant findings regarding the relationship between these variables. The research results show that fixed asset investment has a positive influence on the profitability of manufacturing companies. Companies that are able to make efficient investments in fixed assets tend to achieve increased profitability because they can increase production capacity and operational efficiency. Furthermore, the company's solvency level is also proven to influence profitability. Companies with a balanced level of solvency tend to have better financial stability, which supports profitability growth. In the context of economic and policy changes in the 2017-2020 period, this research highlights the importance of understanding external factors that can influence the relationship between fixed asset investment, solvency and profitability.

Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan PT Gudang Garam Tbk Tahun 2019-2022

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of PT Gudang Garam Tbk during the period from 2019 to 2022, with a focus on the company's financial statements. The evaluation is conducted by understanding the assets and liabilities of the company, especially current assets, non-current assets, and net exposure. The significant increase in cash and cash equivalents reflects efficient liquidity management, while fluctuations in trade receivables and inventory highlight operational challenges. Sustained investments in fixed assets signify a commitment to long-term growth, although fluctuations in trade payables and short-term liabilities demand caution. The consistently positive net exposure provides insight into potential growth and financial stability. However, the decrease in net exposure in 2021 indicates the impact of changing dynamics in the cigarette industry. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of financial statements is crucial for identifying opportunities and risks, providing a foundation for informed strategic decision-making. Additionally, this research emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of factors influencing financial performance. Focus on liquidity, fixed asset investment, and net exposure management provides a complete picture of the company's dynamics. In facing the changing dynamics of the cigarette industry, the company needs to maintain a balance between long-term growth and financial risk management. The results of this research can serve as a valuable guide for the company's strategic decision-making in the future.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Economy: Technological Innovation and Efficiency

"The investigation into the evolution of the digital economy has yielded profound insights into its fundamental nature, the pivotal drivers guiding its advancement, and the trajectories characterizing the metamorphosis of economic operations within organizations. The outcomes of this inquiry are primed to underpin the effectiveness, calibre, and dependability of information-driven and analytical underpinnings, indispensable for informed managerial judgments geared towards nurturing the inventive potential inherent in the digital economy. Furthermore, these findings address the impediments that curtail seamless digital transformation. Among the preeminent findings engendering novelty in this research, the subsequent elements stand out: the formulation of a comprehensive framework for the delineation and taxonomy of economic activities within the digital economy domain, encompassing both a classification schema for economic pursuits intrinsic to the digital sector and another for economic endeavours facilitated by the integration of digital technologies. A comprehensive array of metrics has been systematically devised to assess the evolution of the digital economy. This framework encompasses indicators derived from information and communication technology (ICT) statistics, national economic accounts, fixed asset investments, and foreign trade, as well as indicators custom-developed in consonance with the proposed taxonomy of economic pursuits within the digital economy. This classification system comprises five distinct blocks, each comprising discrete sets of indicators: those about the ICT sector, the digital sector, organizational outlays on digital technologies, digital proficiency of the workforce, and a holistic gauge of the digital economy. An intricate methodology has been formulated to quantitatively evaluate the ICT sector’s state, progression, and competitive standing. This methodological construct encompasses algorithms for the computation of physical quantities of gross value added and fixed capital investment segregated by the nature of economic undertakings associated with the production of ICT goods and provisioning ICT services. Also included are computations for the index of fixed capital formation rate, alongside indicators appraising the extent of the economy’s engagement with international trade concerning diverse digital products."

The impact of tax reduction on enterprises' financialization-A quasi-natural experiment based on the reduction of VAT rate.

This study examines the influence of the reduction in value-added tax (VAT) rates in China during 2018 and 2019 on corporate financialization. By employing a difference-in-differences model and utilizing data from Chinese A-share listed companies between 2017 and 2020, we assess the effects of tax reduction policies. Moreover, it achieves this outcome through three main pathways: alleviating financing constraints, boosting fixed asset investment, and weakening corporate financial arbitrage motives. Further analysis demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of VAT rate reduction on corporate financialization is more pronounced for non-manufacturing companies, businesses reliant on the basic tax rate as their primary revenue source, companies with low intermediate input rates, and those with a strong ability to shift the tax burden. Additionally, debt financing costs play a crucial role in moderating the relationship between tax reduction policies and corporate financialization. The conclusions drawn from this study provide valuable empirical evidence that can contribute to the refinement of VAT reduction policies and the prevention and resolution of financialization at the micro-level.

Research on Comprehensive Land Improvement Strategies under the Background of National Spatial Planning

The middle reaches of the Yellow River, as the region with the most severe soil erosion and pollution in the entire basin, face severe challenges in ecological protection and economic development. Due to the constraints of arid and semi-arid climate conditions, the problem of soil erosion is severe, and the ecological quality is severely degraded; With the rapid expansion of urban areas and continuous adjustment of industrial structure, land consolidation has become fragmented and spatial layout has become disorderly; The accumulation of domestic and production wastes has made the land pollution problem more serious. The average GDP of construction land and the intensity of fixed assets investment are significantly lower than the national average, and the overall land use efficiency is low. Comprehensive land consolidation is an important way to solve the contradiction between human and land. It can comprehensively plan various elements such as mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grass, not only supplementing urban functions, but also improving the quality of living environment.

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The investigation into the evolution of the digital economy has yielded profound insights into its fundamental nature, the pivotal drivers guiding its advancement, as well as the trajectories characterizing the metamorphosis of economic operations within organizations. The outcomes of this inquiry are primed to underpin the effectiveness, calibre, and dependability of information-driven and analytical underpinnings, indispensable for informed managerial judgments geared towards nurturing the inventive potential inherent in the digital economy. Furthermore, these findings aim to address the impediments that curtail seamless digital transformation. Among the preeminent findings engendering novelty in this research, the subsequent elements stand out: the formulation of a comprehensive framework for the delineation and taxonomy of economic activities within the digital economy domain, encompassing both a classification schema for economic pursuits intrinsic to the digital sector and another for economic endeavours facilitated by the integration of digital technologies. A comprehensive array of metrics has been systematically devised to assess the evolution of the digital economy. This framework encompasses a gamut of indicators derived from information and communication technology (ICT) statistics, national economic accounts, fixed asset investments, and foreign trade, as well as indicators custom-developed in consonance with the proposed taxonomy of economic pursuits within the digital economy. This classification system comprises five distinct blocks, each comprising discrete sets of indicators: those pertaining to the ICT sector, the digital sector, organizational outlays on digital technologies, digital proficiency of the workforce, and a holistic gauge of the digital economy. An intricate methodology has been formulated to quantitatively evaluate the state, progression, and competitive standing of the ICT sector. This methodological construct encompasses algorithms for the computation of physical quantities of gross value added and fixed capital investment segregated by the nature of economic undertakings associated with the production of ICT goods and provisioning of ICT services. Also included are computations for the index of fixed capital formation rate, alongside indicators appraising the extent of the economy's engagement with international trade concerning diverse digital products.

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of household consumption carbon emissions in China from a spatial perspective

Household consumption carbon emissions (HCCEs) have become the main growth point of China's carbon emissions in the future. It is important to investigate the factors affecting the demand-side carbon emissions in order to find the accurate entry point of emission reduction and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Different from previous studies, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of provincial HCCEs in China from a spatial perspective by using the Theil index and spatial auto-correlation and explored the key influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of HCCEs in different regions by using an econometric model. The results of the study showed that: (1) Per capita HCCEs increased by 11.90% annually, and the eastern region > northeastern region > western region > central region. (2) There were regional differences in per capita HCCEs, but the decrease was significant at 40.32%. (3) The spatial agglomeration effect of per capita HCCEs was significant, and the hot spots were mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. (4) From the national level, every 1% increase in residents' consumption power would increase HCCEs by 2.489%. Which was the main factor for the growth of HCCEs, while the increase in fixed asset investment would restrain HCCEs. At the regional level, the change in population size significantly increased the HCCEs in the eastern and central regions. While for the western region, a 1% increase in population would reduce the HCCEs by 0.542%. For the eastern and central regions, the degree of aging and the consumption structure of residents could suppress regional HCCEs. However, the consumption structure of residents drove the growth of HCCEs in the western region. For the Northeast region, residents' consumption capacity and cooling degree days were the main factors for the growth of residents' consumption, while fixed asset investment could inhibit the growth of HCCEs.

Urbanization and urban energy eco-efficiency: A meta-frontier super EBM analysis based on 271 cities of China

This study quantifies urban energy eco-efficiency (UEEE), examines the technological gap ratio (TGR) in regional energy use, and analyzes the impact of China's urbanization on UEEE. We propose a hybrid model that combines the Meta-frontier Super Epsilon-based Measure (Super-EBM) model and a Tobit model, using data from 271 Chinese cities between 2003 and 2020. The results indicate that the overall UEEE is ecologically inefficient throughout the study period. TGR has a positive impact on UEEE, with notable regional differences. However, the marginal effect of TGR on UEEE in the east region is lower than that in the other three regions. In addition, the urban population growth and UEEE exhibit a U-shaped relationship in the east and central regions, while an inverted U-shaped relationship is observed in the west region. The relationship between urban economic growth and UEEE is positive, accompanied with diminishing marginal effects in the central and west regions, whereas fixed asset investment negatively affects UEEE in the four regions, showing different marginal effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering technology and local urbanization in policy making.

Evaluation of CO2 and SO2 synergistic emission reduction: The case of China

The industrial sector has significantly contributed to global climate change and urban air pollution while driving economic development. This paper takes the synergistic CO2 and SO2 emission reduction in China's industrial sector as an entry point quantifies the synergistic CO2 and SO2 emission reduction effect using the Kaya extension model and analyzes the synergistic emission reduction expansion mechanism in depth. It is found that the synergistic effect of CO2 and SO2 in the industrial sector is prevalent in most provinces in China. Every 10,000 tons of CO2 emission reduction leads to 1600 tons of SO2 emission reduction. Regional heterogeneity also clarifies that there are differences in synergistic emission reduction among different provinces, with most regions having a significant positive effect of synergistic emission reduction, while a small number of regions have an inverse effect, and direct SO2 reduction measures should be considered separately. The interaction effect analysis found that energy efficiency improvement in the industrial sector is the critical path to synergistic effect enhancement. At the same time, R&D expenditure and fixed asset investment have a weak effect on synergistic emission reduction. The interaction of the three factors can synergize the emission reduction effect by more than twice. The study's findings can be used as a reference for China's industrial sector to achieve the goal of reducing pollution and carbon emissions and for the practice of regional synergistic emission reduction, as well as for the formulation of international synergistic emission reduction policies.

Rural recreation tourism in the Panxi region of China in the context of ecological welfare

Urbanisation has improved living, health and welfare standards but degraded the ecological environment. Tourism models are constantly innovating, and the rural health model is attracting attention to rural recreation, and research on eco-welfare performance and tourism efficiency in ethnic minority rural areas is an important foundation for the construction of ecological civilisation and sustainable development in ethnic minority rural areas. The Panxi region of China has abundant sunshine, mild winters and a good ecological environment, and the rich tourism resources are stimulating rural health tourism. Herein, we used the Super-SBM model to measure eco-welfare performance and rural recreation and tourism efficiency in this region, then used the coupling coordination model to assess coupled co-scheduling of eco-welfare performance and rural health tourism efficiency, the Tobit model was constructed to test the influencing factors of the coupling coordination degree of eco-welfare performance and rural health tourism efficiency in Panxi region. The results show that the growth rate of social fixed asset investment, industrial structure and social development level have a positive effect on the coupling and coordination of eco-welfare performance and rural recreation and tourism efficiency in Panxi, while population density and ecological civilization degree have a negative effect on them. Therefore, the development of rural recreation tourism in Panxi can be promoted by playing a guiding role of the government, promoting the transformation of industrial structure, establishing citizens' awareness of green environmental protection and improving the efficiency of natural resources utilization.

Long-term economic impact of disasters: Evidence from multiple earthquakes in China

This paper examines the short-term and long-term economic impacts of relative-ly small but more frequent earthquakes in China. Using a difference-in-differences approach based on prefecture-level city panel data, combined with a unique data set on seismic events in China, we find that both moderate and strong earthquakes significantly decrease affected prefectures’ GDP per capita in the long run. These effects vary depending on the level of local government fiscal autonomy, social capital intensity, and infrastructure development. We also find that three mechanisms contribute to long-term negative effects: the household savings rate, fixed asset investment, and innovation. Our results provide new insights for policymakers to address relatively small disasters, which can have a significant impact on the local economy in the long run.

Banking competition and regional carbon emissions: Intensifying or suppressing? – Estimation based on a bilateral random frontier model

Existing literatures predominantly emphasize the unidirectional impact of banking competition on regional carbon emissions, often overlooking its concurrent emissions-increasing and emissions-reducing effects. Utilizing panel data from Chinese cities at the prefectural level and above from 2011 to 2020, this study delves into both the emissions-enhancing and emissions-mitigating impacts of banking competition, assessing their net effect through a bilateral random frontier model. As indicated by the results: (1) the emissions-increasing effect of banking competition reaches 0.2614, the emissions-reducing effect is 0.1580, and the net effect refers to an increase of 0.1034 in carbon emissions. The result of the mechanism analysis suggests that banking competition is capable of reducing carbon emissions by facilitating technological progress and upgrading industrial structures, whereas it can result in exacerbated carbon emissions by increasing the number of fixed asset investments and the scale of resident consumption. (2) By incorporating the threshold model into the bilateral random frontier model, the results reveal that with the increase of the degree of banking competition, the marginal effect of banking competition's emissions-reducing effect on regional carbon emissions increases, whereas the marginal effect of its emissions-increasing effect declines. (3) As indicated by the results of the spatial econometric analysis, while banking competition increases local carbon emissions, it also increases carbon emissions in adjacent areas. This study can lay a solid foundation for improving the theory and empirical evidence of banking competition and regional carbon emissions while providing experience and evidence for China and other developing countries to achieve carbon emissions reduction.

Exploring decoupling relationship between ICT investments and energy consumption in China's provinces: Factors and policy implications

Prior studies on ICT and energy consumption in China lack exploration of the decoupling relationship and reasons and fail to propose policy implications for provinces based on energy and ICT investment features. We investigate the decoupling relationship between ICT investments and energy consumption in China's 30 provinces, exploring factors impacting decoupling using the Generalized Divisia Index Method decomposition analysis, including ICT investment scale, revenue scale, gross investment scale, energy intensity of ICT investment scale, energy intensity of ICT revenue, energy intensity of gross investment, ICT investment structure, and efficiency. We find most Chinese provinces showed weak decoupling between energy consumption and ICT investment from 2006 to 2020, except for Beijing, Tianjin, Sichuan, and Hubei which achieved strong decoupling during the 13th Five-Year-Plan period. In many provinces, ICT investment, ICT revenue, and gross fixed asset investment led to an increase in the decoupling index, but energy intensities of these factors were found to significantly reduce the decoupling index. Furthermore, we use K-Means clustering to classify China's provinces based on four ICT-related factors and propose targeted energy-saving policies for each cluster, considering their respective ICT investment characteristics.

Water resource utilization efficiency and driving factors in northern Anhui (China) based on the DEA-Malmquist model

Abstract Based on the DEA-Malmquist method, this study analyzes water resource utilization efficiency in six cities of the northern Anhui region. The input indicators covered per capita water resources, industrial water consumption, agricultural water consumption, domestic water consumption, fixed assets investment, and number of employees. The output indicator was per capita GDP of each city. The findings of the study revealed that only Huaibei achieved efficiency according to the DEA model, while the other cities in the northern Anhui region did not exhibit the same level of efficiency. The overall water resource utilization efficiency in the region was low, with significant variations among the cities (p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA test). The order of water resource utilization efficiency from high to low was Huaibei, Huainan, Bengbu, Bozhou, Suzhou, and Fuyang. An analysis of investment redundancy revealed that a large number of employees and an unreasonable water use structure were key factors that restricted the efficiency of water resource utilization in the region. The overall TFP index of water resource utilization efficiency in the region showed an upward trend, with a value of 1.02. By addressing them, decision-makers can work toward promoting sustainable economic development and effective water resource management in the region.

Estimation and Convergence Analysis of Traffic Structure Efficiency Based on an Undesirable Epsilon-Based Measure Model

To improve transportation efficiency, this paper analyzes the factors of transportation structure from the two levels of transportation—input and system output. An epsilon-based measure model of non-expected output is introduced, and the environmental benefits of transportation are considered. This model is used to analyze the regional transportation efficiency of 30 provinces and cities in China. Tobit regression and geographically weighted regression are applied to analyze the causes and spatial variation of differences in the efficiency of the transportation structure, and corresponding structural adjustment strategies are proposed. The results show that the regression coefficients of the share of secondary industry output in GDP, population density, and social fixed asset investment exert the most significant effects on transportation structure efficiency. The spatial distribution of sub-variable coefficients shows that spatial heterogeneity exists in the degree of influence of various socio-economic factors on the transportation structure efficiency in different regions.

A PVAR dynamic correlation appraisal of China’s carbon emissions in conjunction with economic growth and clean energy use

This study aims to explore the dynamic relationship among economic growth, clean energy, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China. The indicators of economic growth, clean energy, CO2 emissions, fixed assets investment, and research and development intensity of 30 provinces and municipalities for the period of 2005–2019 in China have been investigated by Panel Vector Autoregression model (PVAR). To further explore regional differences, three types of regions were classified by K-means cluster analysis. The results show that clean energy has a positive impact on economic growth in China; Clean energy reduces CO2 emissions in Region II while others do not; Both fixed assets investment and research and development promote clean energy development; The dynamic relationship between the 5 indicators varies across regions. Various regions in China should combine their development characteristics and location advantages, increase capital investment and research and development input in clean energy, strengthen environmental regulations, and improve the energy consumption structure.