Fixed Air Flow Rate Research Articles

Concentration of Proteins from Single Component Solution Using a Semibatch Foaming Process

ABSTRACT A laboratory-scale foam separation system was employed to examine the enrichment and recovery of six proteins: sodium caseinate, β-casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin, plusmn;-Iactalbumin, and chymotrypsinogen A. In this report we present experimental data which demonstrate the effectiveness of the separation process in extracting proteins from single component solutions. In particular, we have examined the effects of: 1) the solution pH at a fixed air flow rate and initial protein concentration, 2) superficial air velocity at fixed values of pH and protein concentration, and 3) protein concentration at the optimum pH and at a given superficial air velocity. The maximum enrichment of BSA was obtained at its isoelectric point (pH 48), and for other proteins better enrichment was achieved at a pH higher than their isoelectric point. The lower the superficial velocity in the 079–02 cm/s range the higherthe enrichment for all the proteins except for plusmn;-lactalbumin and chymotrypsinogen A (for these proteins enrichment was insensitive to the superficial velocity). The higher enrichment was also obtained by foaming at a smaller initial protein concentration (in the 30–120 mg/L range).

Vortical Structures in a 2-D Vertical Bluff-Body Burner

Abstract Vortical structures arc investigated experimentally for combusting flow from a 2-D slot burner. A combination of a fast reactive system producing TiO2 seed particles and a 2-D sheet lighting method was used to visualize the vortical structures. At a fixed air flow rate, three regimes were observed—depending on the fuel flow. These three regimes depend on whether the fuel penetrates the recirculating zones and are designated as pre-penetration, penetration-transition, and penetration regime. In each regime, the flame and vortical structures are described and vortical shedding frequency is measured. It was found that the “petal” structures observed in a flame consist of vortical pairs of opposite sign. It is believed that these “petals” may be the precursor of flamelets seen in turbulent combustion.

Simulation of bubble plume destratification systems in reservoirs

A simple model of the dynamics of a bubble plume is incorporated in the one dimensional model of reservoir dynamics DYRESM and tested against a data set from Myponga Reservoir in South Australia. The comparisons show that the model provides a reasonably good simulation of the dynamics, and allows use of the combined model for determining the behaviour of aerators under a number of operational strategies. It is shown that a peak efficiency in excess of 15% may be achieved from a single bubble plume, and that the total efficiency of an aerator operating with a fixed airflow rate and fixed configuration over a full season may be increased markedly from 1.5% to about 5.5% by a simple control method. It is suggested that total efficiencies of the order of 15% may be achieved by more complex control strategies.

Experimental Studies of the New Type Vaporizing Blue Flame Burner Applied to the Domestic Space Heater

Development of various vaporizing blue flame burners for home appli-ances has been continuing in Japan, Because of their clean and smoke free combustion and fast response for on-off operation.They are premixed-type burners whose combustion-spaces are separated from the vaporizing and premixing-spaces by a plate with a number of flame ports. These conventional vaporizing burners, however, operate with a very narrow firing range due to the flame port plates which prevent flame flashback from the combustion-space to the vaporizing and premixing-space. This paper discribes design consideration, construction and performance of a new vaporizing burner which has a wider firing range operation and blue flame combustion.The burner is a “can-type ”, -for heat input of 4500 Kcal / h-quite different from the“pot-type”and the conventional vaporizing burner. Test results have shown that: (1) by vaporizing fuel and mixing it with the high velocity air flow, about 10 m/s through a number of open-holes with 1 mm diameter on the liner, stable and smoke free combustion-a clean and blue flame-can be achieved. (2) by arranging the ratio of the annular air flow path AA to that of the liner AL, AA/AL >0.36, stable combustion can be maintained throughout the operating range, turn-down ratio 1/4-1/5, at the fixed air flow rate.