Fixation Of Reactive Dyes Research Articles

The Use of Low‐pick‐up Techniques in Reactive Dye Fixation

Journal of the Society of Dyers and ColouristsVolume 98, Issue 10 p. 340-342 The Use of Low-pick-up Techniques in Reactive Dye Fixation C K Dave, C K Dave University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Sackville Street Manchester M60 1QDSearch for more papers by this authorL W C Miles, L W C Miles University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Sackville Street Manchester M60 1QDSearch for more papers by this author C K Dave, C K Dave University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Sackville Street Manchester M60 1QDSearch for more papers by this authorL W C Miles, L W C Miles University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Sackville Street Manchester M60 1QDSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1982 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1982.tb03605.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume98, Issue10October 1982Pages 340-342 RelatedInformation

The Covalent Reactions of Primary Amino Side‐chains and Disulphide Bonds in Wool Keratin

Previous work on the reactions of different types of reactive dyes with wool is reassessed and new jindings presented. The decrease in reactivity of basic wool side chains to reaction with 1:fluoro:2:4 dinitrobenzene after wool has been dyed with acidic or reactive dyes is further investigated. New and previous correction factors measuring the extent of this inactivation are compared. Using such corrections, the extent of actual covalent binding of reactive dyes to basic wool side chains is determined. Applying these corrections gives reasonable stoichiometry in the dye‐fibre reaction. The extent of reaction of thiols, basic and hydroxyl groups in wool with five reactive dyes of different classes has been measured, and compared for two dyeing methods (long‐liquor and urea pad‐batch). The differences and similarities in the extent and type of reaction of the dyes with the fibre sites, using the two methods of application, is discussed. The role of disulphide degradation in reactive dyeing is further investigated. The effect of alkaline treatments on the fixation of reactive dyes, and the availability of wool lysine side‐chains for reaction (in the urea pad‐batch dyeing system) is reported upon.

Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Stärke und Reaktivfarbstoffen. Eine neue Untersuchungsmethode in der Stärkeforschung Teil II. Einflüsse auf die Fixierungsreaktion an Stärken

AbstractReaction of Starches with Reactive Dyes. A New Technique for the Investigation of Starches. Part II. Influence upon the Fixation Reaction. Structural alterations occurring during mechanical damage, during heat‐moisture treatment or during freeze drying can be detected by estimation of the dye binding capacity of starch granules.In the case of heat‐moisture treatment, the alteration in dye binding capacity is in close correlation with the alteration in the x‐ray pattern. The surface and penetration properties of the starch granules influence the dye binding capacity and therefore alterations of these properties can be measured via estimation of the fixation of reactive dyes.

A Dyeing-Chemical Study of Fixation Method of Reactive Dye by Dry Heating

Previously, one of the authors difined the percentage fixation of reactive dyes and proposed its new simple measuring method.In this study the definition and the measurement of this fixation were examined from the point of view of dyeing chemistry.The whole dyestuffs on the dyed cloth were assumed to consist of the dyestuff (Φ) adsorbed in the interior of fibre by the substantivity of dye and the dyestuff (σ) merely attached on the fibre. Both quantities, Φandσ, were measured separately and the results were discussed. The results are summarized as follows:1) The results calculated by Eq.1 are similar to the true percentage fixation.2) The presence of urea decreases the quantity of c6, but increases the contribution from the a-part.

Use of Methods of Heterogeneous Chemical Kinetics and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics for the Quantitative Evaluation of the Rate of Fixation of Reactive Dyes by Fibrous Materials 1

Dyeing and printing of fibrous materials with reactive dyes are examined as a problem of heterogeneous chemical kinetics. The rate of this fixation process is affected by the rate of supply of dye molecules to the active centers of the fiber, by the sorption capacity of the fiber, and by the rate of the two competing reactions of the adsorbed dye with the fiber and of the dye in the solution with water (hydrolysis). Each of the above enumerated stages of the fixation process is examined independently from a quantitative point of view, and the specificity of the mechanisms of these stages for reactive dyes is shown. Methods of heterogeneous chemical kinetics are proposed and applied for the quantitative evaluation of the rate of fixation of reactive dyes by the fibers and materials. These have made it possible to derive and solve, for definite boundary conditions, the kinetic equations that describe the rate of fixation of active dyes by the cellulosic fiber. It is shown that it is expedient to utilize simplified solutions of the kinetic equations for the fixation process in the kinetic and the diffusion regions.

Relations between some Physicochemical Properties of Reactive Dyes and their Behaviour in Padding Processes

Meetings of the Scottish Region, held in the St Enoch Hotel, Glasgow, on 16th February 1965, Mr B. W. Mills in the chair; and of the Manchester Region, held at the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society on 18th February 1965, Mr F. V. Davis in the chairExperimental results are presented which show that the members of any given range of reactive dyes have a diffusion coefficient D and an exhaustion value E which are roughly in inverse proportion to each other. Metal–complex dyes (1: 1 and 1: 2) and phthalocyanine metal complexes, however, show characteristic deviations in behaviour. The significance of D and E in the padding, intermediate drying, and fixation of reactive dyes is elucidated. The theory of the padding process is discussed and the relationships between D and E and the ending behaviour are demonstrated. A new test for assessing the tendency to ending is described.