Five Times Sit To Stand Research Articles

Progressive resistance training improving gait performance and mobility in acute and chronic stroke patients.

Stroke, a neurological disorder, leads to long-term disability thereby greatly affecting gait and mobility. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of progressive resistance training in both acute and chronic stroke patients. A quasi interventional study was designed and 46 stroke patients were recruited through convenience sampling technique. Sample size was calculated using epi-tool. Patients who had cognitive problems, balance impairments and contractures were excluded from the study. The study was conducted from January to June 2018, at Rafsan Rehab & Research Centre, Peshawar. Progressive resistance exercises starting at 50 % of one repetition maximum (RM) were performed three days/week and for a total duration of nine weeks. Blind assessor measured readings at baseline and after nine weeks. Gait dynamic index (GDI), Six-Meter Walk Test (SMWT) and Five Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS) tools were used to collect the required data. The data was analysed at baseline and after nine weeks on SPSS-20. After nine weeks of intervention significant improvement was recorded in patients on GDI (p<0.001), SMWT score (P<0.001) and FTSTS (p<0.001). Progressive resistance training improves mobility limitations and gait in both acute and chronic stroke patients.

Effect of Whole-body Vibration Combined with Task Oriented Training on Muscle Strength, Balance, and Gait in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

AbstractThe current study aimed to evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration combined with task-oriented training on muscle strength, balance, and gait in stroke patients with hemiplegia. In total, 24 stroke patients were included in this study. All participants were randomly assigned to either the whole-body vibration combined with task-oriented training group (n=12) or the whole-body vibration group (n=12). The WBVMT group underwent training (8 sets) for 30 min a day, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the WBV group underwent training (8 sets) for 30 min a day, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Both groups received standard rehabilitation physical therapy for 60 min a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. In all participants, the scores for the hip extensor (HE) and knee extensor (KE) muscle strength, Five Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS) Test, limit of stability (LOS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), and 6-Min Walk Test (6MWT) were evaluated before and after the intervention. The WBVMT and WBV groups had a significant increase in the scores for HE and KE strength, FTSTS test, LOS, TUG test, BBS, 10MWT, and 6MWT (p&lt;0.05). In particular, the WBVMT group had a significantly greater improvement than the WBV group in terms of KE muscle strength and TUG test, BBS, 10MWT, and 6MWT scores (p&lt;0.05). WBVMT improved muscle strength, balance, and gait in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

The sit to stand to sit postural transition variability in the five time sit to stand test in older people with different fall histories

BackgroundIt has been proved that increased motion variability can be indicative of lack of stability. Despite the extensive literature on single sit to stand/stand to sit postural transitions analysis in older people, no studies to this date have assessed the sit to stand to sit (STSTS) transition variability in older adults. Research questionTo investigate the variability in STSTS transition during the five times sit to stand (FTSS) test in older people with different fall histories. MethodsSeventy-five older (80.5 ± 7.5) and twenty-five younger (27.7 ± 6.5) subjects participated in the study. The older participants were categorized into three groups of non-fallers, once-fallers, and multiple-fallers based on their fall histories. Subjects were fitted with an IMU at their lower backs and asked to fully stand up and then sit down again five times in a row. The angular rotation of the trunk in the sagittal plane was recorded. Using the DTW method, the first STSTS transition of each subject was compared to the last transition and the variability was measured. The correlation between STSTS variability and older participants’ Berg balance scale (BBS) was investigated. ResultsThe STSTS variability results were significantly different in older fallers (multiple-fallers and once-fallers) compared to both younger participants and older non-fallers. The results yielded a sensitivity of 85.4 % and a specificity of 83.3 % in recognizing older fallers from older non-fallers and a sensitivity and specificity of 86.7 % and 85.7 % respectively in recognizing older multiple-fallers from other older participants. The STSTS variability was found to be significantly correlated with BBS. SignificanceThe findings demonstrated a strong indication of variability in the STSTS transition in older fallers and a significant correlation between STSTS variability and BBS. The results suggest that variability analysis of the STSTS transition has the potential to be used for fall risk analysis in older adults.

Effect Of Type And Intensity Of Community-based Exercise Interventions In Older Women

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of different community-based exercise interventions on hemodynamic and functional variables in older women. METHODS: 33 sedentary or insufficiently active older women (69 ± 5 ys) were randomly assigned to perform a twice-weekly community-based moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training plus resistance training (MICT+RT), high-intensity interval training plus resistance training (HIIT+RT) or resistance training (RT) programs. Anthropometric (weight, height and BMI), hemodynamic (resting blood pressure and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) and functional variables (seat-and-reach, handgrip, five times sit-to-stand (FTSS), timed up-and-go (TUG), and 6-minute walking (6MW) tests) were assessed before and after 9 months of follow-up. RESULTS: There were no significant difference between groups in any variable at baseline. Anthropometric and hemodynamic variables, as well as seat-and-reach and handgrip did not change during follow-up in any group. However, FTSS, TUG and 6 MW improved (P < 0.05) similarly between groups during follow-up. (Table 1). CONCLUSION: The present preliminary results suggest that twice-weekly community-based exercise programs of different types and intensity are effective to improve functional capacity, but not anthropometric and hemodynamic variables, in older women.Table 1.: Anthropometric, hemodynamic and functional variables before and after 9 month follow-up

Use It Or Lose It: What Happens To Bone When High-Intensity Exercise Ceases Or Continues?

The LIFTMOR trial was the first to show a high-intensity resistance and impact training program (HiRIT) was safe and efficacious for improving bone and physical function in postmenopausal women with low to very low bone mass. While results were promising, the long-term efficacy and safety of HiRIT outside an RCT setting was unknown. PURPOSE: The primary aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of continuing or ceasing HiRIT on bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function of LIFTMOR trial participants. METHODS: We report a retrospective observational study of LIFTMOR trial participants. Three years after completion of the LIFTMOR trial, participants in the HiRIT arm of the trial underwent a single testing session. Participants were allocated to one of two groups according to either ongoing HiRIT participation (compliance >25%; HiRIT-HiRIT), or cessation of HiRIT (HiRIT-CON) after LIFTMOR. The LIFTMOR testing protocol was employed, including; BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN), back extensor strength (BES), lower extremity strength (LES), functional reach test (FRT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS) and maximal vertical jump (VJ). Data were analysed using repeated measures ANCOVA comparing final LIFTMOR outcomes to 3 year outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-three women (HiRIT-HiRIT, n = 7; 64 ± 4 yr, 159.4 ± 6.5 cm, 67.0 ± 7.2 kg and HiRIT-CON, n = 16; 65 ± 4 yr, 161.8 ± 5.9 cm, 61.9 ± 9.5 kg) participated in follow-up testing 3.2 ± 0.6 yrs post-LIFTMOR. There were no characteristic differences between the follow up sample and the LIFTMOR sample at baseline. Significant ongoing gains in BMD were apparent in HiRIT-HiRIT compared with HiRIT-CON at the LS (8.63 ± 5.29% vs 2.18 ± 5.65%, p = 0.042) and FN (3.67 ± 4.45% vs 2.85 ± 5.79%, p = 0.014), while the HiRIT-CON group maintained BMD benefits from the LIFTMOR intervention. Between-group differences in functional outcomes favoured HiRIT-HiRIT but did not reach significance. No injuries were reported. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women with low bone mass continuing HiRIT over a 4 year period continued to improve bone mass, while those ceasing HiRIT maintained the gains achieved from 8 months of HiRIT 3 years previously. HiRIT exercise appears to be a highly effective therapy to reduce risk of osteoporotic fracture by improving bone mass.

Prevalence and factors associated with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in community-dwelling older Chinese: a cross-sectional study.

A recently proposed pre-dementia syndrome, motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, is characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait, and increases the risk of dementia and mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with MCR syndrome in elderly community-dwelling Chinese subjects. The Ningbo Community Study on Aging recruited 953 Chinese community-dwelling participants aged≥65years from November 2016 to March 2017. Handgrip, Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand (FTSS) test time and body composition, as well as comprehensive geriatric evaluation, were measured as potentially independent factors associated with MCR syndrome. The prevalence of MCR syndrome was 12.8% in men and 12.6% in women, and high prevalence of MCR syndrome was not associated with age or sex. Multiple logistic regression analysis by sex showed that a 1-SD increase in FTSS test time in males and females was associated with 45% (95% confidence intervals, 19-76; P<0.01) and 20% (95% confidence intervals, 9-33; P<0.01) higher risk of having MCR syndrome, respectively, whereas handgrip strength was inversely correlated with MCR syndrome in males [odds ratio (OR), 0.91; P=0.02] but not females (P=0.06). Moreover, the relationship of arm fat mass and MCR syndrome was statistically significant in both sexes (OR, 1.69-1.77), but leg fat mass was only associated with MCR syndrome (OR, 1.56; P=0.02) in men. Handgrip, FTSS test time and body composition were associated in a sex-specific manner with MCR syndrome in elderly community-dwelling Chinese subjects. Our results on MCR syndrome are novel and should be considered as important information in future studies.

Correlation between lower limb muscle asymmetry during the sit-to-stand task and spatiotemporal gait asymmetry in subjects with stroke.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the both lower limb muscle asymmetry during sit-to-stand (STS) and spatiotemporal gait asymmetry in subjects with stroke. Twenty-nine patients were included in this study, lower limb muscle (rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) asymmetry during STS, five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS) and spatiotemporal (speed, step length, step time, swing time, stance time, single support time) gait asymmetry were measured. According to the results of the measurement, significant positive correlations between gastrocnemius and rectus femoris asymmetry during STS and step length asymmetry. Furthermore, significant positive correlations between rectus femoris asymmetry during STS and step time asymmetry. In addition, significant negative correlations between the FTSTS and gait speed. This study’s results suggested that necessary to apply exercise that the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris symmetry during STS for improving step length and step time symmetry of gait, and necessary to apply exercise that increase STS speed for gait speed.

86 Fear of Falling as Measured by the Falls Efficacy Scale International Indicates Gait and Balance Abnormalities in Community Dwelling Older People

Abstract Background Falls are common in community dwelling older people, and gait and balance abnormalities (GABAb) are a key modifiable risk factor, through strength and balance training. In addition, there is a strong relationship between fear of falling (FoF) and GABAb , though Falls Efficacy Scale-International version (FES-I) scores have never been examined in this context. Our aim was to determine whether FoF, as measured by the FES-I, is associated with GABAb, as determined by commonly used gait and balance tests. Methods Consecutive patients attending our community falls prevention service completed FES-I questionnaires, and had Gait Speed (GS), Five Times Sit to Stand (FTSTS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests assessed as part of a multifactorial falls prevention assessment. Cut-offs for falls risk are provided in the table. Sensitivity and specificity values for a 16-item FES-I cut-off score of 23.5 (&amp;gt;23 signifying significant FoF) were evaluated using the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), along with positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+/LR-). Results There were 991 participants, 352 male, 639 female, mean age 74.5 years, mean FES-I score 28.7 and 57.0% had experienced at least one fall in the previous year. Gait and balance test scores were moderately associated with FoF per FES-I ≥23.5 as shown in the table. Specificities and sensitivities for all three are similar to commonly used diagnostic tests such as exercise testing versus coronary angiography for coronary artery disease. Conclusions FoF as measured by the FES-I is associated with scores on commonly used gait and balance tests that indicate a high risk of falling. This study highlights the potential of using FES-I as a screening tool to identify community dwelling older adults at risk of falling who may benefit from strength and balance training rather than relying on physical tests that are rarely performed outside falls clinics and physiotherapy departments. This application may have utility both in opportunistic individual screening and community screening programmes.

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and incident dementia: results from a population-based prospective and observational cohort study.

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), which is the juncture of subjective cognitive complaint and slow gait speed, is a pre-dementia stage. The aims of the study are (i) to compare characteristics between individuals who have MCR defined using slow walking speed and/or increased five-times-sit-to-stand (FTSS) time as its motor component(s); and (ii) to characterize the association of MCR and its various motor components with incident dementia including Alzheimer disease and non-Alzheimer dementia in the participants of the Epidémiologie de l'Ostéoporose (EPIDOS) study. This prospective and observational cohort study selected 651 participants recruited from the EPIDOS study in Toulouse (France). MCR was defined as the association of subjective cognitive complaint and slow gait speed and/or increased FTSS time in participants without either dementia and mobility disabilities at baseline. Individuals with dementia were prospectively diagnosed during the physical and neuropsychological assessments included in the 7-year follow-up. The prevalence of MCR was around 7% when using an exclusive motor criterion, either slow gait speed or increased FTSS time, and was 20.9% when MCR subgroups were pooled. MCR was positively associated with incident dementia regardless of its type, and with Alzheimer disease in the slow gait speed MCR subgroup [odds ratio (OR)>2.18 with P≤0.037] but not with non-Alzheimer dementia. No significant association between incident dementia and MCR defined using increased FTSS time was shown. Our findings confirm that MCR is associated with incident dementia and that slow gait speed is the appropriate motor criterion for detecting dementia risk.

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Could It Be Defined Through Increased Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test Time, Rather Than Slow Walking Speed?

Background: Slow walking speed, time to perform the five-times-sit-to-stand (FTSS) test and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR; defined as slow gait speed combined with subjective cognitive complaint) have been separately used to screen older individuals at risk of cognitive decline. This study seeks to (1) compare the characteristics of older individuals with MCR, as defined through slow walking speed and/or increased FTSS time; and (2) examine the relationship between MCR and its motor components as well as amnestic (a-MCI) and non-amnestic (na-MCI) Mild Cognitive Impairment.Methods: A total of 633, individuals free of dementia, were selected from the cross-sectional “Gait and Alzheimer Interactions Tracking” study. Slow gait speed and increased FTSS time were used as criteria for the definition of MCR. Participants were separated into five groups, according to MCR status: MCR as defined by (1) slow gait speed exclusively (MCRs); (2) increased FTSS time exclusively (MCRf); (3) slow gait speed and increased FTSS time (MCRsaf); (4) MCR; irrespective of the mobility test used (MCRsof); and (5) the absence of MCR. Cognitive status (i.e., a-MCI, na-MCI, cognitively healthy) was also determined.Results: The prevalence of MCRs was higher, when compared to the prevalence of MCRf (12.0% versus 6.2% with P ≤ 0.001). There existed infrequent overlap (2.4%) between individuals exhibiting MCRs and MCRf, and frequent overlap between individuals exhibiting MCRs and na-MCI (up to 50%). a-MCI and na-MCI were negatively [odd ratios (OR) ≤ 0.17 with P ≤ 0.019] and positively (OR ≥ 2.41 with P ≤ 0.019) related to MCRs, respectively.Conclusion: Individuals with MCRf are distinct from those with MCRs. MCRf status does not relate to MCI status in the same way that MCRs does. MCRs is related negatively to a-MCI and positively to na-MCI. These results suggest that FTTS cannot be used to define MCR when the goal is to predict the risk of cognitive decline, such as future dementia.

Intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of a clinical and quantifying test of the sit-to-stand task in Parkinsonian syndromes

Measuring sit-to-stand (STS) in Parkinson's disease is an important part of the clinical exam, that both reflects Parkinsonian symptom severity and everyday life abilities. However, there is no quantified, specific, reliable measure that can be applied to all patients and tests their maximal performance. The present study aims to evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of Sit-To-Stand-15 (STS15) that measures the maximal number of sit-to-stand movements performed in 15 seconds. Thirty participants with moderate Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr 2–3) performed, in the levodopa OFF-state, STS15 with 3 independent raters, on 2 occasions, 1 week apart; raters had to count the number of full sit-to-stand movements completed in 15 seconds. STS15 tests were separated by periods of 15 minutes of rest; the rotation order of the raters was randomized for each patient. Participants were also assessed by MDS-UPDRS part II and III, the 20-meter ambulation test (AT20), the Five Time Sit-To-Stand (FTSTS), the MoCA and the PDQ-8. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and concurrent validity was assessed by Spearman's and Pearson's correlations. Preliminary findings show excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability of STS15, with mean ICC > 0.95. Correlations with FTSTS and AT20, were highly significant and present to a lesser degree with the MDS-UPDRS-III score. The other correlations were not significant. The mean duration of the sit-to-stand movement with STS15 was lower than with FTSTS ( P < 0.01). STS15 is a reliable and valid test to assess sit-to-stand in moderate Parkinson's disease.

Associations of distinct levels of physical activity with mobility in independent healthy older women.

Older adults have twice as many disabilities and four times as many physical limitations as people <60 years of age. Positive influence of physical activity to prevent these limitations has been presented in some studies. However, the indispensable combination of physical abilities and body composition parameters to maintain independence in later life and their relationship with physical activity has not been studied thoroughly. The main aim of this study was to determine possible differences in body composition and mobility parameters among older women with various levels of engagement in physical activity. In addition, the relationships between mobility and distinct levels of physical activity were evaluated in healthy older women. Eighty-one healthy older women aged from 65 to 91 years participated in this study and were allocated to three groups according to weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time in 10 min bouts: highest MVPA (H-MVPA) (n = 27), middle MVPA (M-MVPA) (n = 40) and lowest MVPA (L-MVPA) (n = 14). Body composition (fat mass [FM] and fat free mass [FFM]) variables were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), objective physical activity data were collected with accelerometers and mobility tests were carried out to assess static and dynamic balance, lower limbs strength and aerobic capacity. No differences in body composition parameters were observed between studied groups (p > 0.0025). Women in L-MVPA covered significantly shorter distance during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) compared to H-MVPA (p = 0.000) and M-MVPA (p = 0.003) groups, performed timed-up-and-go (TUG) slower compared to H-MVPA group (p = 0.003) and five-times-sit-to-stand (FTSTS) test slower compared to H-MVPA (p = 0.006) and M-MVPA (p = 0.009) groups. There were no differences in body composition and mobility parameters between women in H-MVPA and M-MVPA groups. Regardless of bout duration, MVPA was correlated with mobility (TUG r = -0.47; FTSTS r = -0.37; 6MWT r = 0.53) parameters, whereas no relationships was observed with light physical activity (LPA). MVPA is associated with body composition and mobility parameters, while LPA is not related to any measured body composition nor mobility parameters. Accordingly, healthy older women could benefit from MVPA to maintain body composition and mobility parameters to preserve independence in later life.

Effect of single-session dual-tDCS before physical therapy on lower-limb performance in sub-acute stroke patients: A randomized sham-controlled crossover study.

Anodal stimulation increases cortical excitably, whereas cathodal stimulation decreases cortical excitability. Dual transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; anodal over the lesioned hemisphere, cathodal over the non-lesioned hemisphere) was found to enhance motor learning. The corresponding tDCS-induced changes were reported to reduce the inhibition exerted by the unaffected hemisphere on the affected hemisphere and restore the normal balance of the interhemispheric inhibition. Most studies were devoted to the possible modification of upper-limb motor function after tDCS; however, almost no study has demonstrated its effects on lower-limb function and gait, which are also commonly disordered in stroke patients with motor deficits. In this randomized sham-controlled crossover study, we included 19 patients with sub-acute stroke. Participants were randomly allocated to receive real or sham dual-tDCS followed by conventional physical therapy with an intervention interval of at least 1 week. Dual-tDCS was applied over the lower-limb M1 at 2-mA intensity for 20min. Lower-limb performance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Five-Times-Sit-To-Stand (FTSTS) tests and muscle strength was assessed by peak knee torque of extension. We found a significant increase in time to perform the FTSST for the real group, with improvements significantly greater than for the sham group; the TUG score was significantly increased but not higher than for the sham group. An after-effect on FTSTS was found at approximately 1 week after the real intervention. Muscle strength was unchanged in both limbs for both real and sham groups. Our results suggest that a single session of dual-tDCS before conventional physical therapy could improve sit-to-stand performance, which appeared to be improved over conventional physical therapy alone. However, strength performance was not increased after the combination treatment.

Motor performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis after 8-week home exercise program

On patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) the muscle strength, gait and everyday activities performance capacity decreased, though patients care started many years before. Patients care includes supervised physio therapy sessions and home exercise performing. Research goal was to assess the improvement in patients with knee OA motor performance with home exercise program (HEP) 8-weeks before total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Hypothesis: 8-week HEP improve legs motor performance in patients with knee OA. Ten female patients with knee OA with the mean (±SE) age of 62.7±2.3 yrs; ten age- and gender-matched healthy controls with the mean (±SE) age of 62.6±1.1 yrs. Motor performance was assessed by isometric strength of the quadriceps femoris (QF) and hamstring (HM) muscles, gait, Five-Time-Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS) test and knee active range of motion (aROM) before and after 8-week HEP. Outcome was measured by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). After 8-week HEP, QF and HM isometric strength, knee aROM during flexion and the gait stride length for the involved leg increased (p&lt;0.05) compared to pre-exercising level. The WOMAC score increased and FTSTS test time shortened (p&lt;0.05) after 8-week HEP. Difference in measured parameters between the patients involved leg decreased as compared to uninvolved leg and controls. Study showed that after 8-week HEP improved involved leg thigh’s muscle strength, knee aROM, and stride length. Sit to stand test performance and patient’s self-assessed condition improved. In conclusion, HEP with at least 8 weeks should be recommended for patients with knee OA before TKA.

Outcomes of Chair Based Exercise with Progressive Resistance Training on Physical Performances among Older Adults: A Preliminary Study

Enhancement of physical function had been shown in older adults who actively participate in physical activities, particularly in the form of aerobic training with addition of progressive resistance training (PRT). However, it is quite challenging and risky for most older adults to exercise in standing position without any support. Chair Based Exercise (CBE) is an alternative mode of exercise for older adult to facilitate exercise participation and increase safety. Its effect when combined with resistance training is unknown to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of CBE with PRT on physical performances among older adults. A total of 18 older adults (13 females (72%) and 5 males (28%)), aged 60 to 83 years with mean age (SD) 72.67 (6.17) years completed the study. All subjects performed CBE with PRT intervention twice weekly for 8 weeks, with individually-tailored exercise progressions . Pre and post measurements of physical performance were performed using Six MinutesWalk Test (6MWT), Five Times Sit to Stand (FTSTS) and Hand Grip Strength (HGS). Significant improvement in 6MWT (p &lt; .001), HGS (Right hand (p = .043), HGS Left hand (p &lt; .001), FTSTS (p &lt; .001) was shown after the eight-week intervention. Adding PRT into seated exercises results in further improvement in physical performance of older adults. CBE-PRT may be recommended as an exercise routine for older adults living in the community. DOI : http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2018-22

Outcomes of Chair Based Exercise with Progressive Resistance Training on Physical Performances among Older Adults: A Preliminary Study

Enhancement of physical function had been shown in older adults who actively participate in physical activities, particularly in the form of aerobic training with addition of progressive resistance training (PRT). However, it is quite challenging and risky for most older adults to exercise in standing position without any support. Chair Based Exercise (CBE) is an alternative mode of exercise for older adult to facilitate exercise participation and increase safety. Its effect when combined with resistance training is unknown to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of CBE with PRT on physical performances among older adults. A total of 18 older adults (13 females (72%) and 5 males (28%)), aged 60 to 83 years with mean age (SD) 72.67 (6.17) years completed the study. All subjects performed CBE with PRT intervention twice weekly for 8 weeks, with individually-tailored exercise progressions . Pre and post measurements of physical performance were performed using Six MinutesWalk Test (6MWT), Five Times Sit to Stand (FTSTS) and Hand Grip Strength (HGS). Significant improvement in 6MWT (p < .001), HGS (Right hand (p = .043), HGS Left hand (p < .001), FTSTS (p < .001) was shown after the eight-week intervention. Adding PRT into seated exercises results in further improvement in physical performance of older adults. CBE-PRT may be recommended as an exercise routine for older adults living in the community. DOI : http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2018-22

Functional status mediates the association between peripheral neuropathy and health-related quality of life in individuals with diabetes

AimsTo examine differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and whether these differences can be explained by functional deficits.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 80 with DPN and 80 without. Assessments included HRQoL (health utility score derived from EQ-5D-5L), functional status measurements [muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG), five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS), functional reach, body sway velocity] and self-reported balance confidence [Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale].ResultsMean utility scores were 0.67 ± 0.14 and 0.77 ± 0.16 in patients with and without DPN, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients with DPN had lower great toe extensor strength (6.4 ± 1.8 vs 7.6 ± 2.8 lbs, p = 0.001), greater body sway velocity (2.40 ± 1.31 vs 1.90 ± 0.52 mm/s, p = 0.002), slower TUG (12.1 ± 4.6 vs 10.1 ± 2.3 s, p < 0.001) and FTSTS (15.8 ± 5.8 vs 13.9 ± 5.4 s, p = 0.03) scores, and lower ABC score (73.4 ± 21.3 vs 82.6 ± 16.9, p = 0.003), compared to those without DPN. On stepwise multiple regression, DPN status, FTSTS, body sway velocity, BMI, diabetes duration, pain, and gender explained 38% of HRQoL variance. Addition of ABC score into the model explained 45% of variance. Results from structural equation modelling showed that DPN had direct effects on HRQoL and indirect effects through FTSTS, body sway velocity, and ABC score, with χ2 = 8.075 (p = 0.044), root mean square error of approximation = 0.103 (lower bound 0.015, upper bound 0.191), Comparative Fit Index = 0.966, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.887, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.053.ConclusionsPatients with DPN have worse HRQoL compared to patients without DPN, partly mediated by functional status parameters. Effective interventions targeting functional status may be beneficial in improving HRQoL in these patients.

ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC LOWER BACK PAIN.

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to analyze the functional status of adult and older adult individuals with lower back pain . Methods: Eighty-three individuals were recruited, 42 older adults (20 with lower back pain and 22 control group) and 41 younger adults (21 with lower back pain and 20 control group). Functional capacity was assessed using the following tests: Timed Up and Go (TUG), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS), six-minute walking test (SMWT), and sitting-rising test (SRT) . Results: In the younger adults, there was no difference in functional capacity between the groups (p>0.05). On the other hand, when statistical analysis was adjusted using body mass index (BMI) as a covariate, the lower back pain group performed more poorly on the SRT (p<0.004). Furthermore, poorer physical capacity was seen in the older adults with back pain via the SRT test (p=0.001), and when the BMI was adjusted, a statistical difference was seen in the SRT as well as the SMWT (p<0.05) . Conclusion: Older individuals with lower back pain have poorer physical performance, and the sitting-rising test is the most discerning for assessment of functional status in individuals with lower back pain. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

Generating linear regression model to predict motor functions by use of laser range finder during TUG.

The purpose of this study was to investigate which spatial and temporal parameters of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test are associated with motor function in elderly individuals. This study included 99 community-dwelling women aged 72.9±6.3 years. Step length, step width, single support time, variability of the aforementioned parameters, gait velocity, cadence, reaction time from starting signal to first step, and minimum distance between the foot and a marker placed to 3 in front of the chair were measured using our analysis system. The 10-m walk test, five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS) test, and one-leg standing (OLS) test were used to assess motor function. Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine which TUG test parameters were associated with each motor function test. Finally, we calculated a predictive model for each motor function test using each regression coefficient. In stepwise linear regression analysis, step length and cadence were significantly associated with the 10-m walk test, FTSTS and OLS test. Reaction time was associated with the FTSTS test, and step width was associated with the OLS test. Each predictive model showed a strong correlation with the 10-m walk test and OLS test (P<0.01), which was not significant higher correlation than TUG test time. We showed which TUG test parameters were associated with each motor function test. Moreover, the TUG test time regarded as the lower extremity function and mobility has strong predictive ability in each motor function test.

PARQVE: PROJECT ARTHRITIS RECOVERING QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH EDUCATION: TWO-YEAR RESULTS.

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effects of a multi-professional educational program in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Prospective randomized controlled trial with 195 KOA patients. One group was submitted to two-day lectures and received educational material about KOA (Class group), and the control group received the educational material only. Patients were evaluated at baseline, twelve and 24 months. At evaluation, patients answered pain and functional questionnaires (WOMAC, Lequesne, VAS and SF-36); reported the intensity of exercise per week; measured the body fat percentage, weight and height to estimate body mass index (BMI); and performed Timed Up & Go (TUG) and Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand (FTSST) tests. Results: The groups presented similar results in all time points with respect to pain (VAS and WOMAC pain), WOMAC, BMI and body fat percentage (p>0.05). The Class group exhibited improved function according to the Lequesne questionnaire, whereas the control group worsened (p=0.02) during follow-up (p<0.02). TUG (p=0.01) and FTSST (p<0.001) improved in the Class group. A higher percentage of patients in the Class group performed regular physical activity (p=0.045). Conclusions: The educational program with classes improved the consistency of physical activity and the subjective and objective function of patients with KOA.Level of evidence IA, Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.