Five-level Model Research Articles

Creation of a Five-Level Model of Professional Development Management of a Specialist in the Format of a Decimal Model of Good Human Health Management

The purpose of the study is to create a Five-Level Model of full professional development (PD) management, in the format of a decimal model of management of good human health (GHH) formation. To achieve the determined goal, the concepts of «occupational human health» and «comprehensive professional development» determining full compliance of a person’s professional activity with achievements in modern science and practice were defined. This is the highest level of professional development to achieve goals in a certain type of professional activity as a result of fulfilling the professional potential. Thereafter, to meet the objectives of the study, the last tenth letter «T» of the word «management» was used in the Conceptual decimal model of full innovative GHH management. It represents the highest, tenth level of the professional activity system, consisting of five types: work — labour — business — game — employment. These five types of human profess ional activity are at the core of the Five-Level Model and are placed at five hierarchical levels, in accordance with their relevance. To create the Five-Level Model, single-type tables were built that summarize the characteristics of each of the five types of professional activity: work — labour — business — game — employment and characteristics of the corresponding subjects. Reasonable conclusions have been drawn for each type of professional activity according to its hierarchical level in the Five-Level Model. This has helped to create the Five-Level Model of comprehensive PD management, in a format of the Conceptual model of full innovative management of GHH formation and determine that the Five-Level Model is a full hierarchical management model consisting of five types of professional activities in precise order according to their relevance: work, labour, business, game, service, which together fully cover the entire professional activity. It is proved that unique properties of the Five-Level Model allow for its regular use for full professional development management in any environment, including Ukrainian society.

Analysis of the Interaction Mechanism of the Risk Factors of Gas Explosions in Chinese Underground Coal Mines.

Gas explosion accidents easily cause severe casualties in Chinese underground coal mines. Systematic analysis of accident causation is crucial for the prevention of gas explosions. This study identifies the representative risk factors of gas explosions and determines the interrelationship among these risk factors to highlight weak links and develop countermeasures. A total of 21 representative risk factors of gas explosions were identified through 128 case studies and front-line investigations. On this basis, a five-level hierarchical structure model of gas explosions was established to explore the complex interrelationships among the representative risk factors based on a combination of the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methods. Moreover, the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification (MICMAC) method was applied to achieve risk factor classification into four clusters, namely, driving factors, linkage factors, dependent factors and autonomous factors. The results indicated that the interrelationships and emergence properties among the risk factors may cause gas explosions, which should give more attention to the interrelationships among multiple factors and multiple subsystems for coal enterprises. Meanwhile, the complex geological conditions, poor safety supervision, inadequate safety education and training, incomplete execution safety regulations and poor safety technology and input are the long-term focus of risk management for coal enterprises. Finally, 10 countermeasures were proposed to control these representative risk factors and interrelationships. The results are helpful to the development of gas explosion risk management policies and to the preferential allocation of limited resources to resolve these issues.

Barriers to the Application of Spatial Information Systems in the SmartCity Dynamic Management

The article concerns using of SIS (Spatial Information System) technology in dynamic Smart City management. SIS technology tools have become an integral part of urban space management. The mentioned technology is used by more and more smaller cities. Although SIS is becoming more and more popular, the application of different types of tools using it still encounters different types of barriers. Meanwhile, the dynamic management of Smart City is becoming more and more complex, it requires new tools. SIS technology can provide such utilities. However, their implementation is slowed down by various barriers.The aim of the study was to identify barriers that slow down the implementation of SIS technology tools. For this purpose, a five-level model of SIS technology application development was worked out. The model shows the direction of development of SIS technology application, and thanks to it, it was indicated what barriers may appear when moving to the next levels. In order to identify them, a two-stage empirical study was carried out in Polish cities with a population of about 100,000. Their aim was first to check, whether the examined cities use SIS technology tools. This was confirmed by the survey conducted by means of electronic observation. Afterwards, studies were conducted in 13 medium-sized cities in Poland. Based on the results, the model of development of SIS technology application was positively verified by assigning an appropriate level of development to each of the examined cities. Barriers were then identified and included: mental, financial, organizational and legal, information, technological and mental barriers.

High-Performance Work System and Employee Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Perspective of Employee Perception

Employee counterproductive work behavior (ECWB) in the workplace has caused serious harm to the organization, and its recessive occurrence creates difficulty for the organization to guard against it. This study aims to explore the influence of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on the two sides of ECWB with employees and the internal influence path. It also aims to combine resource conservation and affective events theories to build an HPWS five-level model. It provides human resource management measures for enterprises to reduce and prevent the ECWB effectively. This study adopts a quantitative analysis method to conduct a questionnaire survey among employees in 366 enterprises in China. The results show that HPWS has a significant two-sided impact on ECWB. For employees with positive emotions, HPWS improved employee performance and inhibited ECWB. Meanwhile, for employees with negative emotions, HPWS reduces employees’ work input and increases employees’ counterproductive behaviors. For negative employees, the positive effect of HPWS is more significant than the negative effect of positive employees. In addition, organizational commitment has a moderating effect on the counterproductive behavior of negative employees. Therefore, when implementing HPWS, enterprises should consider the impact of both sides of HPWS on ECWB and adopt a more humane management method. In this study, a practical five-level HPWS model is constructed, which complements the existing research model and provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for enterprises to scientifically and effectively promote employees to achieve high performance.

Factors Influencing Cycling among Secondary School Adolescents in an Ethnically Diverse City: The Perspective of Birmingham Transport Stakeholders

Despite strategies and schemes to increase cycling among adolescents in England, the levels of cycling among secondary school adolescents in various cities is low. This study aims to understand the factors influencing cycling among Birmingham secondary school adolescents from the perspectives of local transport stakeholders promoting cycling among secondary school adolescents. In 2019, 14 local transport stakeholders promoting cycling among secondary school adolescents in Birmingham participated in a semi-structured interview. The discussions focused on barriers and facilitators to increasing cycling among secondary school adolescents for school and non-school travel. Thematic content analysis was performed using NVIVO 12. The five-level socio-ecological model provided the framework for the analysis, resulting in five main themes. The study found the majority of the schemes and programs organised to increase cycling among secondary school adolescents focused on promoting school travel, with less focus on non-school travel. It was noted that cycling for leisure was more appealing to adolescents than utility cycling. Future interventions should include cycling promotion for non-school travel. In addition, increased support for leisure cycling may increase the overall appeal and enthusiasm of cycling among adolescents.

Towards a capability assessment model for the comprehension and adoption of AI in organisations

The comprehension and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) are beset with practical and ethical problems. This paper presents a five-level AI capability assessment model (AI-CAM) and a related AI capabilities matrix (AI-CM) to assist practitioners in AI comprehension and adoption. These practical tools were developed with business executives, technologists and other organisational stakeholders in mind. They are founded on a comprehensive conception of AI compared with those in other AI adoption models and are also open-source artefacts. Thus, the AI-CAM and AI-CM present an accessible resource to help inform organisational decision makers on the capability requirements for: 1) AI-based data analytics use cases based on machine learning technologies; 2) knowledge representation to engineer and represent data, information and knowledge using semantic technologies; and 3) AI-based solutions that seek to emulate human reasoning and decision making. The AI-CAM covers the core capability dimensions (business, data, technology, organisation, AI skills, risks and ethical considerations) required at the five levels of capability maturity to achieve optimal use of AI in organisations. The AI-CM details the related individual and team-level capabilities needed to reach each level in organisational AI capability; it therefore extends and enriches existing perspectives by introducing knowledge and skills requirements at all levels of an organisation. It posits three levels of AI proficiency: 1) basic, for operational users who interact with AI and participate in AI adoption; 2) advanced, for professionals who are charged with comprehending AI and developing related business models and strategies; and 3) expert, for computer engineers, data scientists and knowledge engineers participating in the design and implementation of AI-based technologies to support business use cases. In conclusion, the AI-CAM and AI-CM present a valuable resource for practitioners, businesses and technologists looking to innovate using AI technologies and maximise the return to their organisations.

Analysis of Vertical Integration Motivation in Coal-Electric Energy Supply Chain Using ISM-MICMAC

Vertical integration is one of the important means to achieve coal-electricity joint ventures. According to the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literature, based on the field survey, nine key drivers of vertical integration of coal-electric energy supply chain are proposed. This basis, using interpretative structural modelling (ISM), a five-level hierarchical structure model of the vertical integration motivation of the coal-electric energy supply chain is constructed, which clearly characterization of the hierarchical relationship between the various drivers. Using MICMAC, find the independent and dependent factors. Furthermore, it reveals the most direct motivation and the most fundamental motivation for driving the vertical integration of coal-electric energy supply chain. At the same time, it can clearly show the role of each driver in the vertical integration of coal-fired energy supply chain.

Optical properties of aminophenoxy substituted phthalocyanines and covalent linkage conjugates to cadmium telluride quantum dots interacting with picosecond pulse trains

We investigated nonlinear optical dynamics of asymmetric benzothiazole substituted phthalocyanines and their covalent attachments to glutathione functionalized cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) interaction with picosecond pulse trains. A pulse train with 50 subpulses of 100 picosecond width which was separated by 12 nanosecond spacing was employed as the laser source. A generalized five-level model was adopted to retrench the studied materials. In our simulation, we solved two-dimensional paraxial field equation entangled with the rate equations by Crank–Nicholson numerical method. Interacting with long pulse trains, the principal absorption channel in substituted phthalocyanines and their covalent attachments is the two-step two-photon absorption (TPA). All materials show excellent optical limiting behaviours and the results indicated that the covalent attachments of phthalocyanines to CdTe QDs are much better than phthalocyanines with long pulse trains.

Rapid Realist Review of School-Based Physical Activity Interventions in 7- to 11-Year-Old Children.

Meta-analysis of physical activity interventions in school settings have revealed low efficacy and that there is a need to explore implementation fidelity. The aim of this rapid realist review was to determine, what physical activity interventions in school settings for children aged 7- to 11-years-old works, for whom, and in what circumstances. The realist synthesis was conducted following RAMESES guidelines. Relevant studies were identified following a systematic search process and data from 28 studies was extracted for evidence to form context-mechanism-outcome configurations that were clustered and refined. Using the five-level socioecological model, the program theories were classified into the levels of intrapersonal (child), interpersonal (teachers), institutional (program content, school administration, and school environment), community (home and neighborhood), and policy. The school level led to most context-mechanism-outcome configurations related to school leadership and policy, workforce structure, program characteristics, and school environment. At each level, we identified features of interventions, alongside implementation considerations that might work to promote efficacy and sustainability. The need to recognize the school environment as part of a complex system with multi-level interaction and influences was a key finding. In line with realist philosophy, the researchers encouraged primary research to confirm, refute, and refine the program theories presented.

Вплив моделі "MUSIC" на формування іншомовної комунікативної компетентності в майбутніх викладачів іноземних мов у процесі фахової підготовки

The methodological influence of B. Jones’ model “MUSIC” on the process of professional competence development in prospective foreign language teachers in the process of professional training is studied in the article. The definitions of “educational environment” and “educational space” are considered; it is concluded that the process of professional training of prospective teachers of foreign languages should be aimed at the development of their professional competence. In the course of the research it is established that the five-level model “MUSIC” of B. Jones, which is presented from the author's point of view, can help to optimize the impact of the environment on the process of professional competence development in the course of professional training of prospective foreign language teachers. At the first level, it is suggested to provide extended powers to prospective teachers of foreign languages in order to exercise their self-control over the process of developing thier professional competence during professional training. At the second level, it is necessary to make sure that prospective foreign language teachers recognize the importance of the material offered to them for mastering for their future professional development. At the third level, prospective foreign language teachers must be clearly aware that the success of their learning also depends on the right strategies. The fourth level is closely related to the sincere interest of prospective professionals in acquiring professional qualities. At the fifth level, it is essential to take care of students, to take into account the environmental factors that may affect the level of their professional development. It is concluded that in the focus of professional competence development of prospective foreign language teachers it is vital to create such an environment that would promote friendly relations between prospective professionals and the faculty staff, as it will have a positive effect on the quality of training of prospective foreign language teachers.

Research on Precharge Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Inverter

This paper mainly introduces the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology structure, simple analysis of the working principle of MMC, deduced the mathematical model of MMC. The precharging control strategy of MMC sub-module (SM) is studied, and the charging process is divided into uncontrollable charging stage and controllable charging stage. For the uncontrollable charging stage, an improved DC side pre-charging method is proposed, and a five-level simulation model of voltage-type MMC is established in the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment, and the simulation results of the system are comprehensively analyzed.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE STORAGE FLOOD MONITORING SYSTEMS

The effectiveness of monitoring systems for runoff floods is determined by the amount of time required to implement preventive measures in order to reduce the severity of potential losses and to adequately assess the degree of threat. The three-level model of the degree of hydrological threat adopted in the Roshydromet system – the normal mode, the mode of an adverse event (AE) and the mode of a hazardous event (AE), does not make it possible to ensure preventive measures. With the rapid development of the flood, the time of the water level rise between the AE and OI marks is often no more than 10-15 minutes, which is insufficient to ensure preventive measures. The transition to a five-level model for describing the degree of hydrological threat, based on GOST 22.3.13-2018 (ISO 22324: 2015) and providing, in addition to assessing the degree of threat in the notation of Roshydromet, two modes: a mode of increased attention and a mode of potential danger, allows on the basis of an ultra-short-term flood forecast runoff nature to provide a lead time of 2–6 hours to assess the degree of hydrological threat. In the existing flood monitoring system, the degree of hydrological threat is determined for the places where hydrological posts are installed, which are often located outside of settlements. It is proposed to introduce the concept of a zone of potential hydrological threat (ZPHU), for which the degree of threat is determined by calculation. Various approaches to the implementation of ultra-short-term flood forecasting taking into account the formation model of the precipitation field are considered.

Practical Five-Level Model for Activist Pedagogy and Promoting Active Citizenship: Film Study in Israel as a Test Case

This article presents a practical applicable model for teachers in all high school subjects who chose the teaching profession to educate future generations using activist teaching promoting active citizenship and a progressive liberal world view. The five-level model addressing the activist pedagogy practice developed in the 21st century, helps empower and develop teachers’ professional abilities operating in education as social change agents. The model was developed as part of broad research into the need to train teachers using the activist pedagogical approach. The study emphasizes the model's significant contribution to learning teaching skills to promote socio-political awareness in the activist approach developed in light of contemporary pedagogy promoting active citizenship. The article details all model stages and curriculum in high school film studies as a test case. Film studies began with seven film courses as a unique study system in 1992 and reached 400 courses in 2019, as part of mainstream studies in both the Arts and Social Division at the Israeli Ministry of Education, a meteoric growth of about 15 film courses per year. The article is based on interview analysis including an interview with a film study inspector who was among the founders of film studies in Israel, documents, literature review and researcher’s experience in the field. By revealing the practical and applicable model for teaching and learning using the activist pedagogical approach, the study proposes innovative theoretical conceptualization of a film educational program which has been in operation for thirty years.

Construction of Shared OCCA Model Based on Mobile Agent Technology

Background: The Open Cloud Computing Alliance (OCCA) strives for more Cloud Computing Service Providers (CCSP) to join the alliance. OCCA only requires CCSP to provide virtual computing resources and does not care about the methods of the underlying implementation, which leads the open-source cloud computing to a larger scale and more efficient. Due to the differences in service modes and service categories, the cloud computing platforms formed by CCSP are heterogeneous. How to implement tasks across platforms and ensure the quality of migration are the key issue for sharing the OCCA platform. Methods: The Mobile Agent technology based on a domain is introduced. User tasks are encapsulated into Mobile agent packets by domain client, which realizes the migration of user tasks from one platform to another, and makes it possible to interoperate between OCCA virtual machines. To ensure the service quality of OCCA better, a five-layer logical model of R-OCCA with high commercial availability is proposed, which defines the service content of each layer and gives the setting of key parameters. This paper introduces the architectural composition and operational mechanism of the model, which carries out a qualitative analysis of the model, and establishes an experimental prototype to verify the feasibility of the model on the virtual machine platform. Results: Experiments show that it is feasible to implement Cloud Computing Alliance among cloud computing platforms through Mobile Agent under the existing technical conditions. Conclusion: To better guarantee the quality of OCCA service, a five-level R-OCCA logic model with strong commercial availability is proposed. The service content of each level is defined and the key parameters are given. From the CCSP income, the rationality of the model set is explained. The feasibility of the model was analyzed. The architectural composition and operational mechanisms of the model are introduced. The performance of the model was also analyzed.

National security as a subject of research in the Russian social science, humanities, and jurisprudence

The subject of this article is the trends of reflection of the problems of national security in the Russian scientific works within the framework social and humanities disciplines as a whole, and jurisprudence in particular. Research methodology is define by uniqueness of the subject matter. Analysis is conducted on the texts of thesis works defended in jurisprudence, economic, sociological, philosophical, and political sciences in the XXI century. Using the level approach, the author proposes classification of scientific works depending on the proximity of their subject to national security as the complex object of study, as well as gives a brief overview of the structure of research from the perspective of different scientific disciplines. Attention is turned to underdevelopment of cross-disciplinary relations within the framework of the universal theory of national security. The author creates a five-level model of the theory of national security that allows ranking research from the applied levels to most abstract. In the context of this model, the author examines methodological approaches towards national security that formed within the framework of different social and humanities disciplines. The conclusion is made on the leading role of political science in creating a cross-disciplinary theory of national security; however, emphasis is placed on the fields available for analysis using solely the legal scientific methodology. Considering the revealed lacuna with regards to fundamental legal research, the need for further theoretical-legal research of national security is substantiated.

Navigation of autonomous systems based on situation control with dynamic replanning

The solution to the problem of autonomous mobile systems navigation is a complex task, traditionally presented in the form of solving the sequence of subtasks: perception of information about the environment, localization and mapping, path planning, and motion control. A large number of scientific works are devoted to the solution of the listed subtasks. However, existing research does not pay enough attention to the integration of individual elements of the navigation cycle solutions into a single homogeneous system. This leads to an additional accumulation of errors in the process of a complex solution to the navigation problem. In previous works, a model was proposed that provides homogeneous integration, using for this a multi-level structure of representing an autonomous system's knowledge in the form of sets of fuzzy rules and facts. The five-level model represents the autonomous system's knowledge of goals, paths, an environment map, strategies, and specific controls necessary to achieve the goal. To ensure adequate processing of fuzzy rules, a modified Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy inference model is proposed. In this work, the previously proposed model is expanded. The model was tested in conditions of noisy sensor data. A method is proposed for the formation of level 2 rules, which describe an autonomous system's cartographic knowledge about the environment, using the well-known methods of global path planning. Extension of the model provides dynamic paths replanning of the autonomous system, using the processing of present knowledge about existing paths. Such replanning is effective in terms of computational time and independent of the completeness of the knowledge base of complete paths.

Designing a financial risk assessment model for public-private partnership financing for road construction projects in Iran

One of the most important issues in Iran’s road construction projects operated by public-private partnership financing is the financial risk. This research aims to design the financial risk assessment model for these projects. The factors for financial risk assessment were identified using a semi-structured interview with 23 experts. A total of 14 factors were extracted including liquidity risk, market risk, inflation rate risk, interest rate risk, Government stability in planning, the nature of Iran’s capital market, political risk, the way of bank finance for project, price changes at macroeconomic level, changes of expected return rate, credit risk, and exchange rate risk. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach is applied to identify the relationship between the factors and model levels. MICMAC analysis also is used to specify the characteristics of the factors. The results of the analysis showed that among these variables the operational risk of autonomous variable, exchange rate risk and political risk of independent variables and other variables of the model are the type of interface variable. The results obtained by ISM consisted of a five-level model with 14 factors. Model analysis showed that political risk is the most influential variable and liquidity risk, market risk, inflation rate risk, credit risk, project bank financing, expected rate of change and financial performance are the most influential variables of this model.

Optical dynamics of aminophenoxy substituted phthalocyanines and the covalent attachments to cadmium telluride quantum dots for picosecond pulse trains

Optical interaction of aminophenoxy substituted phthalocyanines with picosecond pulse trains were studied in this work. Additionally, the covalent attachments of phthalocyanines to glutathione (GSH) functionalized cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) were also discussed. A five-level model was applied to simplify the materials. The pulse train has 50 subpulses with 100 ps width for each one and 12 ns spacing. We simulated the dynamical interaction by solving two-dimensional paraxial filed equation coupled with the rate equations based on Crank–Nicholson numerical method. The two-step two-photon absorption (TPA) is the fundamental channel of optical absorption for long pulse trains. Our results indicated that the covalent attachments of phthalocyanines to CdTe QDs show better optical limiting effects than phthalocyanines at the same densities. The cross-sections of one-photon absorption and lifetimes of lowest triplet state as well as the intersystem crossing play important roles in optical limiting effects.

Low Temperature Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Feedstock Optimized by Response Surface Method

Upgrading of cracked PFO (Pyrolysis fuel oil) for production of fuels, such as gasoline and light gasoil, was carried out in a semi batch reactor. Two different kinds of mesoporous and microporous catalysts, MCM-41 and ZSM-5, were used. Modification methods, such as ion exchange and impregnation with Fe and Ti, were done for tuning the acidity of the catalyst. XRD, FT-IR, and XRF analyzes were used to identify the structure and composition of the catalysts. Among the catalysts used in low temperature catalytic cracking of cracked PFO in a moderate temperature (380 °C), 3%Ti/H-MCM-41 showed the best catalytic performance. After choosing the best catalyst, an experimental design was carried out using response surface method with a five-level central composite design model. The effect of 3 main parameters, i.e. reaction temperature (360-400 °C), catalyst to feed ratio (0.04-0.1), and loading of Ti (0-5%) were investigated on liquid productivity and light olefin production. Design Expert software was used to maximize the sum of liquid yield and olefins in the gas. The best catalyst is 2.5%Ti/H-MCM-41. In optimum, 380 °C with the ratio of 0.1 g/g catalyst to feed over 2.5%Ti/H-MCM-41, the wt.% of liquid, gas, and solid products are 80 wt. %, 10 wt. %, and 10 wt. %, respectively. At this condition, 26 wt. % of liquid product was in the range of gasoline (C5-C10) and the rest (i.e. C11+) was considered in the range of light gas oil. Light olefins of the obtained gas products were about 2.74 wt. %.

Optical limiting effect of C70 solution at 1064 nm.

In this paper, we investigate the optical limiting effect of C70 solution at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We experimentally measured the transmittance of C70 solution under three different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mmol/L), three different solution thicknesses (5, 10, and 20 mm), and two different solvents (toluene and xylene) and obtained the values of absorption cross sections and relaxation times in the five-level absorption model of C70 solution. The influences of concentration, thickness, and solvent on the optical limiting effect of the C70 solution are analyzed. We also measured transmittance of C60 solution under the same conditions and compared the results with those of C70 solution. The experimental results show that concentration and solution thicknesses have great influence on the optical limiting ability of C70 solution. The optical limiting effect of C70 solution is better than that of C60 solution at low concentration and worse than that of C60 solution at high concentration.