Big Five Personality Research Articles

Neuroticism and openness exhibit an anti-correlation pattern to dissociable default mode network: using resting connectivity and structural equation modeling analysis.

The default mode network (DMN) can be subdivided into ventral and dorsal subsystems, which serve affective cognition and mental sense construction, respectively. An internally dissociated pattern of anti-correlations was observed between these two subsystems. Although numerous studies on neuroticism and openness have demonstrated the neurological functions of the DMN, little is known about whether different subsystems and hubs regions within the network are engaged in different functions in response to the two traits. We recruited 223 healthy volunteers in this study and collected their resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory scores. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to obtain the DMN, before further decomposing it into the ventral and dorsal subsystems. Then, the network coherence of hubs regions within subsystems was extracted to construct two structural equation models (SEM) to explore the relationship between neuroticism and openness traits and DMN. We observed that the ventral DMN could significantly predict positive openness and negative neuroticism. The dorsal DMN was diametrically opposed. Additionally, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG), both of which are core hubs of the subnetworks within the DMN, are significantly positively correlated with neuroticism and openness. These findings may point to a biological basis that neuroticism and openness are engaged in opposite mechanisms and support the hypothesis about the functional dissociation of the DMN.

Employing Bayesian analysis to establish a cut-off point and assess stigma prevalence in substance use disorder: a comprehensive study of the Chinese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale.

In China, individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) face severe stigma, but reliable stigma assessment tool is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (SU-SMS-C) and set its cut-off point. We recruited 1005 individuals with SUDs from Chinese rehabilitation centers. These participants completed a battery of questionnaires that included the SU-SMS-C, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination (PDD). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the scale. Additionally, the Naive Bayes classifier was used to establish the cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C. We additionally explored the correlation between patient demographic characteristics and stigma. A confirmatory factor analysis was utilized, revealing a second-order five-factor model. Based on the Naive Bayes classifier, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) of 0.746, the cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C was established at 44.5. The prevalence of stigma observed in the study population was 49.05%. Significant disparities were observed in the distribution of stigma across genders, with males experiencing more pronounced stigma than females. Moreover, patients consuming different primary substances reported diverse levels of stigma. Notably, those primarily using heroin endured a higher degree of stigma than users of other substances. The study is the first to identify a cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C by Naive Bayes classifier, bridging a major gap in stigma measurement research. SU-SMS-C may help treat and manage SUDs by reducing stigma.

Parental mental health and reporting of their child's behaviour: measurement invariance of the French version of the parental strengths and difficulties questionnaire.

Symptomatic effects of mental disorders in parents could bias their reporting on their child's mental health. This study aimed to investigate the measurement invariance of the French version of the parental Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) across parental mental health in a sample (N = 20,765) of parents of children aged 3 to 17years in France. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) were used to evaluate the fit of three known alternative SDQ factor structures (five, three, or second-order factor structures). Invariance was tested across parental mental health (present anxiety and depressive symptoms, psychiatric history) and across socio-demographic characteristics (child's age, child's gender, parent's gender, parent's educational level). CFA models showed a poor fit, while all ESEM models achieved acceptable or good fit, with the five-factor model presenting the best fit. Invariance was observed for all characteristics tested, indicating that the SDQ can be used to study the links between parental mental health and their child's mental health without bias. However, ESEM showed that the hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems dimensions were not well differentiated in the French version of the SDQ.

The effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students: A moderated mediation model

ObjectiveChildhood trauma is considered as a critical risk factor for depression. Although many studies have investigated the pathway of Childhood trauma to depression, especially the mediating or moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies or neuroticism or stress perception, the results were inconsistent and the underlying psychological mechanisms of depression remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence and mechanism of childhood trauma on depression in college students, and establish a full model among these interactive factors. Methods1272 college students were surveyed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), short version of center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS), neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results(1) Childhood trauma, neuroticism, stress perception, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were all significantly and positively correlated with depression among college students; (2) Stress perception and neuroticism act as a chain mediator between childhood trauma and depression in college students. (3) Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a moderating role in “childhood trauma-neuroticism-depression”. ConclusionChildhood trauma increases the risk of depression in college students by affecting neuroticism and stress perception, and high levels of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies link neuroticism and enhance the effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students.

The Swedish version of the Alabama parenting questionnaire: Psychometric evaluation and norm data.

The Alabama parenting questionnaire (APQ) is a commonly used instrument for assessing parenting practices and evaluating treatment outcomes of parent-training interventions targeting child conduct problems. In the present study we translated and developed a Swedish version of the APQ parent version and tested it on a community sample of 799 parents of children between 6 and 15 years with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Data were collected through an online survey distributed through school newsletters and social media. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggested a five-factor model with 23 items. Four of these factors correspond to the subscales suggested in the original version of the APQ: inconsistent discipline, poor monitoring, involvement, and positive parenting. The fifth subscale from the original APQ, corporal punishment, did not show up as a factor in our data sample. Instead, a new factor, which we refer to as contingency management, was revealed. A confirmatory factor analysis further suggested some misalignment between the original APQ subscale structure and our sample, which we interpret as a signal that the instrument may need refinement to better reflect contemporary parenting methods in diverse cultural contexts. Despite this limitation, and with the exclusion of the corporal punishment subscale, which should be employed judiciously, our results suggest that the Swedish version of the APQ can be a useful instrument in measuring parenting practices in Sweden. We present norm data stratified by child age, which practitioners and researchers can use as a reference for assessment of parenting practices in the Swedish population.

Preliminary validation of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample

To assist psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to assess their patients’ psychological immune competence-based capacities and resources, depending on the mental health disorder diagnosis and the severity of the symptoms, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. The research was carried out in four Hungarian healthcare facilities using a cross-sectional design. A total of 331 patients (140 male, 188 female, and 3 who preferred not to disclose their gender) completed the Mental Health Test, six well-being and mental health measures, and the Symptom Checklist-90. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists reported the mental disorder status of each participant. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the five-factor model to the data for the clinical version of the Mental Health Test (CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.034). High internal consistency coefficients (α: 0.70–0.84; ω: 0.71–0.85) and excellent external and content validity were reported. The test is not sensitive to sociodemographic indicators but is sensitive to the correlates of well-being and to the symptoms of different types of mental disorders. Our preliminary findings suggest that the Mental Health Test is a suitable measure for assessing mental health capacities and resources in psychiatric samples.

Correlation between Parenting Styles and Big Five Personality of Adolescents

Personality is one of the development tasks of adolescents that happened during transition to adulthood. One of the popular theories of personality is Big Five Personality. Parenting styles is one of the factors that affect personality on adolescents. This study aims to see the relationship between parenting styles and big five personality in adolescents. This study uses quantitative methods with accidental sampling technique. Total of participants in this study was 202 adolescents. The instrument that used in this study was the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to measure parenting styles and Big Five Inventory (BFI) to measure big five personality. This study uses the Spearman correlation test technique with the results that authoritative parenting has a positive and significant relationship with openness to experience (0.157 p<0.05), conscientiousness (0.229 p<0.01), extraversion (0.216 p<0.01), and agreeableness (0.203 p<0.01) and had a negative and significant relationship with neuroticism (-0.265 p<0.001). The results of authoritarian parenting have a positive and significant relationship with neuroticism (0.038 p<0.05). This shows that the more parents apply authoritative parenting, the more dominant openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness personality traits on adolescents. On the other hand, the more parents apply authoritarian parenting, the more dominant the neuroticism personality trait is.

Volatility and Herding Bias on ESG Leaders’ Portfolios Performance

We here analyze the factor loadings given by the CAPM, the Fama–French three (FF3), and the five-factor model (FF5), and test the performance and the validity of adding two more factors (volatility and dispersion of returns) to the FF5 factor model of European index-based ESG leaders’ portfolios. Our ESG leaders’ portfolios generated significant negative alphas during 2012–2022, corroborating the literature’s negative argument. The negative abnormal returns of ESG leaders’ portfolios are homogeneous across the three ESG pillars. We conclude that European ESG leaders’ portfolios are biased toward large cap and value stocks with robust operating profitability and against aggressive investments. As robustness tests, we examine Global ESG leaders’ index-based portfolios, producing the same results but with reduced importance in some loading factors like profitability and investment strategy. Furthermore, we deduced that European and Global ESG leaders’ portfolios tilt towards volatility and herding bias.

Prosocial Behaviour Towards Victims of Road Accidents: Examining Personality, Gender and Traumatic Experience

As Ebonyi State develops into a city with the attendant population growth and increasing motor traffic, the category of residents that can form part of the road safety network should be of great concern. The study investigated the strengths of personality, gender and traumatic experience as predictors of prosocial behaviour among motorists in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. One hundred and ninety-nine (199) road users in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, participated in the study. Participants were randomly drawn using a convenient sampling technique in a cross-sectional survey design. The Big-Five Personality Inventory, the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), and the Self-Report Altruism Scale were used for data collection. Data analysis using the multiple regression analysis revealed that some dimensions of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) were positively related to prosocial behaviour; gender was not significantly associated with prosocial behaviour and traumatic stress experience especially and positively predicted prosocial behaviour. The study observed that personality trait is the most significant predictor of prosocial behaviour toward road accident victims. Based on the theory of empathic altruism, we recommend aggressive and widespread education on road safety measures for all ages and establishing a civilian road safety network to complement the efforts of FRSC in Ebonyi State.

Behavioral Modeling and its Association with PrEP and ART Use in Ugandan HIV-Serodifferent Couples

Integrating Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery into Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) programs bridges the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention gap for HIV-serodifferent couples prior to the partner living with HIV achieving viral suppression. Behavioral modeling is one mechanism that could explain health-related behavior among couples, including those using antiretroviral medications, but few tools exist to measure the extent to which behavior is modeled. Using a longitudinal observational design nested within a cluster randomized trial, this study examined the factor structure and assessed the internal consistency of a novel 24-item, four-point Likert-type scale to measure behavioral modeling and the association of behavioral modeling with medication-taking behaviors among heterosexual, cis-gender HIV-serodifferent couples. In 149 couples enrolled for research, a five-factor model provided the best statistical and conceptual fit, including attention to partner behavior, collective action, role modeling, motivation, and relationship quality. Behavioral modeling was associated with medication-taking behaviors among members of serodifferent couples. Partner modeling of ART/PrEP taking could be an important target for assessment and intervention in HIV prevention programs for HIV serodifferent couples.

A machine learning model to predict privacy fatigued users from social media personalized advertisements

The increasing use of social media platforms as personalized advertising channels is a double-edged sword. A high level of personalization on these platforms increases users’ sense of losing control over personal data: This could trigger the privacy fatigue phenomenon manifested in emotional exhaustion and cynicism toward privacy, which leads to a lack of privacy-protective behavior. Machine learning has shown its effectiveness in the early prediction of people’s psychological state to avoid such consequences. Therefore, this study aims to classify users with low and medium-to-high levels of privacy fatigue, based on their information privacy awareness and big-five personality traits. A dataset was collected from 538 participants via an online questionnaire. The prediction models were built using the Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Random Forest classifiers, based on the literature. The results showed that awareness and conscientiousness trait have a significant relationship with privacy fatigue. Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes classifiers outperformed the other classifiers by attaining a classification accuracy of 78%, F1 of 87%, recall of 100% and 98%, and precision of 78% and 79% respectively, using five-fold cross-validation.

Big Five personality and mind wandering in athletes: mediating role of trait anxiety.

Mind wandering is a common phenomenon among athletes during training and competition, and can lead to poor performance. We attempt to clarify which personality type is more prone to mind wandering and the role of trait anxiety between them. Six hundred and eighty-one athletes participated in this cross sectional study. Participants completed the Athlete Mind Wandering Scale, The Chinese adjectives scale of Big-Five factor personality short scale version and Pre-Competition Emotion Scale-Trait questionnaires. The survey data was tested for common method biases, Pearson correlation analysis, and structural equation model by SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.0. Common method biases can be accepted in this study. (1) Athletes' neuroticism was significantly and positively correlated with trait anxiety and mind wandering, respectively, athletes' extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were significantly and negatively correlated with trait anxiety and mind wandering respectively; the athletes' trait anxiety was significantly and positively correlated with mind wandering; (2) By constructing mediating models, the direct effects of athletes' extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness on mind wandering were insignificant. The mediating effect of athletes' trait anxiety between the five personalities and mind wandering was significant. Trait anxiety in athletes plays a fully mediating role between the relationship of personality and mind wandering. Athletes' extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness can all have an impact on mind wandering through the mediating role of trait anxiety. Athletes can use the mediating role of trait anxiety to intervene the frequency of mind wandering.

Majors unleashed: unravelling students’ personality profiles across academic disciplines

AbstractThis study utilized Latent Profile Analysis to examine the correlation between personality and academic major choice among 1825 Greek university students, using the Five Factor Model (FFM) at the facet level. Four distinct personality profiles—resilients, overcontrollers, undercontrollers, and ordinaries—were identified. Female students predominantly chose Humanities, aligning with the overcontrollers profile while males leaned towards Sciences and Health Sciencesassociated with ordinaries, undercontrollers, and resilients profiles. Additionally, major choice varied, with Humanities and Sciences often linked to ordinaries, Health Sciences to resilients, and Economics/Information and Communication Technology to undercontrollers. This study emphasizes personalized interventions based on individual personality profiles for informed academic major choices.

Examining five-factor model personality traits among recently divorced Danes

One of the main theoretical perspectives for understanding the mechanism responsible for the extensively reported mental and physical health disparities between divorcees and continuously married populations is the Selection Perspective. This perspective posits that due to “problematic personal characteristics of poorly adjusted people”, they are at higher risk for both divorce and poorer health outcomes. A criticism of this perspective is that it may contribute to divorce-related stigma, especially if there is insufficient empirical data to support it. The present study compared the Five Factor Model personality scores of 676 recently divorced Danes (Nwomen = 446, Nmen = 230) to the general Danish population normative data of the same instrument. Divorced women reported higher conscientiousness than the Danish norm, whereas divorced men had higher neuroticism scores than the Danish norm. Divorced participants of both genders had higher agreeableness and openness levels than the Danish norms. Though the differences were significant, they were small and did not provide compelling evidence for the Selection Perspective’s assumption, meaning that the recently divorced participants’ personality characteristics did not differ from the general population in ways that could be considered to constitute problematic personal characteristics. Future research should further evaluate the adequacy of the Selection Perspective.

Model scan of factors in U.K. stock returns

We use the Bayesian model scan approach of Chib, S., X. Zeng, and L. Zhao. 2020. ‘On Comparing Asset Pricing Models.’ The Journal of Finance 75 (1): 551–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12854, and Chib, S., L. Zhao, and G. Zhou. 2023. ‘Winners from Winners: A Tale of Risk Factors.’ Management Science to examine which are the best performing models in a set of 12 candidate factors in U.K. stock returns. We find that a five-factor model has the highest posterior probability across the whole sample period but the posterior probability is low. The best factor model outperforms traditional factor models using a number of metrics. However the best model performs poorly in pricing a set of anomaly portfolios.

A new five-factor green pricing model in China

ABSTRACT We construct the green factor in China based on the premium of the green concept stocks. Replacing the investment factor in the five-factor model with the green factor, we propose a new five-factor green pricing model. We find that the green risk premium is significant in China’s stock market: portfolios constructed with green stocks outperform those constructed with non-green stocks by 3.4% to 3.7% annually. Moreover, the green premium cannot be explained by other factors. Our five-factor model strongly dominates the four-factor model without the green factor and the five-factor model. For the 25 size-EP (size-ROE) portfolios, our five-factor model yields lower GRS statistics and lower average absolute alphas than the other models. Results of Fama-Macbeth regressions also support the superior performance of our five-factor model.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY WITH BURNOUT IN MTsN HONORARY TEACHER

Jobs that are vulnerable to burnout are jobs that provide services directly to people. One of the jobs in the field of community service is teacher. Burnout is a state of tiredness and frustration caused by the pressure of work and hampered desires which results in a decline in physical condition, emotional exhaustion and prolonged mental fatigue. Research was conducted to determine the relationship between personality types, especially using the big five personality theory, with burnout in MTsN honorary teachers. The approach in this research uses a quantitative approach with two scales, namely the mask burnout inventory (MBI) scale and the big five inventory (BFI) scale. The sample in the research was 127 honorary teachers with a sampling technique using total sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires directly and online (Google from). This research was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are that there is a joint relationship between the big five personalities and burnout in honorary teachers based on the results of the F test with a significance level of <0.05, namely 0.000 with a fairly strong correlation of 0.570.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY WITH BURNOUT IN MTsN HONORARY TEACHER

Jobs that are vulnerable to burnout are jobs that provide services directly to people. One of the jobs in the field of community service is teacher. Burnout is a state of tiredness and frustration caused by the pressure of work and hampered desires which results in a decline in physical condition, emotional exhaustion and prolonged mental fatigue. Research was conducted to determine the relationship between personality types, especially using the big five personality theory, with burnout in MTsN honorary teachers. The approach in this research uses a quantitative approach with two scales, namely the mask burnout inventory (MBI) scale and the big five inventory (BFI) scale. The sample in the research was 127 honorary teachers with a sampling technique using total sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires directly and online (Google from). This research was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are that there is a joint relationship between the big five personalities and burnout in honorary teachers based on the results of the F test with a significance level of <0.05, namely 0.000 with a fairly strong correlation of 0.570.

Understanding the relationship between individual characteristics, self-efficacy beliefs and career aspirations of generation Z in tourism and hospitality: can gender and major make difference?

ABSTRACT This study aims at investigating generation Z career aspirations process by applying the self-efficacy theory and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) to examine the relationship among individual characteristics, career self-efficacy, gender, university major, and career aspiration in tourism and hospitality. The participants sample for this study was drawn from students enrolled in eight national Jordanian universities from different majors (tourism and hospitality and non-tourism and hospitality) PLS-SEM was employed for hypotheses testing. The study findings indicate that consciousness and openness are positively associated with self-efficacy, which in turn is directly related to career aspirations among Generation Z. In addition, the study demonstrates that the influence of self-efficacy on career aspirations is moderated by demographic variables such as gender and major. Specifically, the results suggest that gender and major act as moderating factors in the relationship between Generation Z career aspirations and the antecedents (Self-Efficacy Theory and consciousness and openness).

Effects of career readiness module on career self-efficacy among university students

<span lang="EN-US">This study aimed to identify the effects of the Career Readiness Module on career self-efficacy and its subscales, namely self-appraisal, occupational information, goal selection, planning and problem solving among university students. The randomized pretest-posttest control group were used in this study. A total of 60 second year students from the School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, were selected as research subjects using random cluster sampling. Both groups completed the Career Decision Self-Efficacy–Short Form (CDSE-SF) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaires before and after the two-month intervention sessions. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23.0. The repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size were used to test the hypotheses of study. The study results showed significant differences in the experimental group for career self-efficacy and each of its subscale between pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2 at the p≤.05 significant level. This study also demonstrated the significance of implementing the Career Readiness Module among university students prior to graduation in order to improve their career self-efficacy.</span>