Fitting Technique Research Articles

Gamma-ray shielding features of Co1-xCuxFe2O4 ferrite: A combined experimental, theoretical and simulation investigation

This study describes a rapid synthesis of Co1-xCuxFe2O4 nanoparticles using sol–gel auto-ignition and the produced materials were examined using different techniques such as XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), UV–Vis (Ultraviolet–visible), (FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) to explore their structural, optical, and functional group morphological properties, and elemental analysis. Additionally, utilizing several gamma-ray sources and a NaI (Tl) scintillation detector, we studied the gamma-ray shielding characteristics for the prepared materials. Experimental results were validated by the results of XCOM program and the Geant4 simulations. For four chosen ferrites, the gamma ray energy absorption build-up factor is investigated at 0.01–15 MeV incident photon energy and penetration depths of 1–40 mean free path, mfp, using the geometric progression fitting technique. Ferrite samples can be employed as radiation attenuators across a range of nuclear domains, as per the findings of this study. In comparison to the other spinel ferrites, the Co1-xCuxFe2O4 (x = 0.75) ferrite demonstrated superior shielding capabilities. Important details regarding the physio-chemical properties of spinel ferrites and their ability to shield against gamma radiation are provided in the present study.

Effect of modified Baduanjin exercise on nutritional status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial.

As a traditional Chinese fitness technique, Baduanjin is a low- to medium-intensity aerobic exercise that has a common regulatory effect on both body and mind and is also an important means of disease prevention and treatment. However, the role of Baduanjin in improving patients' nutritional status and promoting tumor recovery remains to be confirmed. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the modified Baduanjin exercise on the nutritional status of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This is a randomized controlled trial. The participants were recruited from patients in the Radiotherapy Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in China. A total of 121 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into the control group and the Baduanjin group. Finally, 106 patients completed the study (53 cases each in the control group and the Baduanjin group) with the intervention time from the beginning to the end of radiotherapy. The control group received conventional care (health education and regular conventional exercise), and the Baduanjin exercise group received health education and regularly improved Baduanjin exercise, with the intervention time from the beginning to the end of the radiotherapy. Patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) was evaluated before, during (15 times), and at the end of radiotherapy as the main evaluation index to compare nutritional status between the two groups. From August 2022 to December 2022, 121 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into the control group and the Baduanjin group. During the intervention, 15 patients withdrew from the study, leading to 53 of 59 patients in the control group and 53 of 62 patients in the Baduanjin group. After the intervention, the PG-SGA score, radioactive oral mucositis, andoropharyngeal pain score were lower (P < 0.05), whereas anorexia scores,the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, and total protein were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Modified Baduanjin exercise can improve the nutritional status of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and deserves further clinical application. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under the registration number ChiCTR2200064519, registered on August 27, 2022. The public research topic is the construction and intervention research based on Internet + nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Beyond Zipf’s law: Exploring the discrete generalized beta distribution in open-source repositories

Rank-size distributions, such as Zipf’s Law, have been instrumental in providing insights into the emergence of hierarchies across diverse systems, from linguistic corpuses to urban structures. However, the application of Zipf’s Law reveals limitations, particularly in its focus on distribution tails, sometimes overlooking a large proportion of the data which might play a pivotal role in system dynamics. Yet, fitting rank-size distributions other than a straight line on the log–log scale requires caution. In this study, we re-evaluate the utility of rank-size distributions by contrasting the traditional Zipf’s Law with the Discrete Generalized Beta Distribution (DGBD). We show the need of cautious fitting techniques for rank distributions, including the use of binning to prevent overfitting to data tails. Through both analytical derivation and empirical validation on commit data of open-source repositories, we show that DGBD consistently improves over Zipf distribution for concave rank distributions of large datasets (N≥100). This approach contributes to the advancement of methodologies for analyzing hierarchical systems.

The IACOB project

Context. Blue supergiants (BSGs) are key objects for understanding the evolution of massive stars, which play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies. However, discrepancies between theoretical predictions and empirical observations have opened up important questions yet to be answered. Studying statistically significant and unbiased samples of these objects can help to improve the situation. Aims. We perform a homogeneous and comprehensive quantitative spectroscopic analysis of a large sample of Galactic luminous blue stars (a majority of which are BSGs) from the IACOB spectroscopic database, providing crucial parameters to refine and improve theoretical evolutionary models. Methods. We derived the projected rotational velocity (υ sin i) and macroturbulent broadening (υmac) using IACOB-BROAD, which combines Fourier transform and line-profile fitting techniques. We compared high-quality optical spectra with state-of-the-art simulations of massive star atmospheres computed with the FASTWIND code. This comparison allowed us to derive effective temperatures (Teff), surface gravities (log 𝑔), microturbulences (ξ), surface abundances of silicon and helium, and to assess the relevance of stellar winds through a wind-strength parameter (log Q). Results. We provide estimates and associated uncertainties of the above-mentioned quantities for the largest sample of Galactic luminous O9 to B5 stars spectroscopically analyzed to date, comprising 527 targets. We find a clear drop in the relative number of stars at Teff ≈ 21 kK, coinciding with a scarcity of fast rotating stars below that temperature. We speculate that this feature (roughly corresponding to B2 spectral type) might be roughly delineating the location of the empirical terminal-age main sequence in the mass range between 15 and 85 M⊙. By investigating the main characteristics of the υ sin i distribution of O stars and BSGs as a function of Teff, we propose that an efficient mechanism transporting angular momentum from the stellar core to the surface might be operating along the main sequence in the high-mass domain. We find correlations between ξ,υmac and the spectroscopic luminosity 𝓛 (defined as Teff4 / g). We also find that no more than 20% of the stars in our sample have atmospheres clearly enriched in helium, and suggest that the origin of this specific subsample might be in binary evolution. We do not find clear empirical evidence of an increase in the wind strength over the wind bi-stability region toward lower Teff.

Evidence of Continuous Reconnection along a Helmet Streamer Current Sheet Observed by WISPR on Parker Solar Probe

Parker Solar Probe's second solar encounter from 2019 March 30 to April 11 occurred during a period when the corona had a simple magnetic structure and relatively flat heliospheric current sheet (HCS), which was in the field of view of the Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe (WISPR) throughout. The images show an almost continual flow of transient density enhancements (streamer blobs) of various sizes near the latitude of the HCS during the entire 11 day encounter period. The high resolution and sensitivity of WISPR reveal the structure of some of the individual blobs not seen in observations from 1 au. Many of the blobs show dark central cores, suggesting that they are magnetic flux ropes. The 3D trajectories and sizes of four representative streamer blobs have been determined using the tracking and fitting technique of Liewer et al. (2020). Comparison of the location of these blobs with synoptic white-light maps for this time period, created using data from the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (Brueckner et al. 1995) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, confirms that the blobs are at the location of the helmet streamer associated with the HCS. The blobs were observed in the region beyond 15 R ☉. The continual flow of blobs, the confirmation of their location at the HCS, and their flux-rope-like appearance provide strong evidence that the process of reconnection across the current sheet dominates the slow wind near the HCS.

PHANGS-HST Catalogs for ∼100,000 Star Clusters and Compact Associations in 38 Galaxies. I. Observed Properties

We present the largest catalog to date of star clusters and compact associations in nearby galaxies. We have performed a V-band-selected census of clusters across the 38 spiral galaxies of the PHANGS–Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Treasury Survey, and measured integrated, aperture-corrected near-ultraviolet-U-B-V-I photometry. This work has resulted in uniform catalogs that contain ∼20,000 clusters and compact associations, which have passed human inspection and morphological classification, and a larger sample of ∼100,000 classified by neural network models. Here, we report on the observed properties of these samples, and demonstrate that tremendous insight can be gained from just the observed properties of clusters, even in the absence of their transformation into physical quantities. In particular, we show the utility of the UBVI color–color diagram, and the three principal features revealed by the PHANGS-HST cluster sample: the young cluster locus, the middle-age plume, and the old globular cluster clump. We present an atlas of maps of the 2D spatial distribution of clusters and compact associations in the context of the molecular clouds from PHANGS–Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We explore new ways of understanding this large data set in a multiscale context by bringing together once-separate techniques for the characterization of clusters (color–color diagrams and spatial distributions) and their parent galaxies (galaxy morphology and location relative to the galaxy main sequence). A companion paper presents the physical properties: ages, masses, and dust reddenings derived using improved spectral energy distribution fitting techniques.

Artificial High- and Low-density Materials in Bone Mineral Densitometry Using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry: A GATE Monte Carlo Simulation of “Black-hole” Artifact

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of artificial high- and low-density materials on Bone mineral density (BMD)scans in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method and emergence of black-hole artifact through GATE Monte Carlo simulation. Materials and Methods: GATE Monte Carlo code was utilized to simulate the artifact encountered in clinical scans acquired by HOLOGIC® bone densitometer. Two simplified phantoms were designed. The first one was a rectangular box with six smaller cubes inside and the second one was a body torso. Materials of cubes were spine bone, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), barium sulfate suspension in water, stainless steel, titanium alloy, and gold. The torso phantom contained objects of 5 vertebrae, bowel and 3 small spherical objects near the surface of the torso as piercing objects on the abdominal wall, each overlying the vertebrae. Using 100 and 140 kVp, spectral X-rays were generated to simulate DXA. For both phantoms, two simulations were carried out. The pair of projections acquired for each phantom were then subtracted and analyzed by curve fitting techniques. Results: Except for spine bone, in which radio-opacity decreases with increasing spectral X-ray energy (from 100 to 140 kVp), other squares exhibit little changes over different energies. PMMA shows consistently very low radio-opacity. Four other materials (barium sulfate in water, stainless steel alloy, titanium alloy, and gold), all attenuate the X-ray photons substantially. Except for spine bone, other materials are barely noticeable in pairwise subtracted images. In torso phantom, piercing objects are visualized as “holes” in vertebrae. Conclusion: Both artificial high- and low-density materials, compared to bone, are eliminated during the subtraction of dual-energy X-ray profiles and therefore, can create black-hole artifact.

Application of AI Models for Determination of Beam Parameters with an Array of Timepix3 Pixel Detectors

Abstract PADME Run III searched for a resonant production of the X17 particle. The precise knowledge of the beam position is critical for the measurements of X17 and an array of 2 × 6 Timepix3 hybrid pixel detectors were used to measure the parameters of the incident positron beam. During the operation of the Timepix detector, some of the pixels reported missing data which introduced a challenge for the accurate estimation of the center position. A Neural Network Regression algorithm was developed and compared with the conventional Gaussian fitting technique over a simulated data with masked pixels.

Associations of life's essential 8 with MAFLD and liver fibrosis among US adults: a nationwide cross-section study.

Life's essential' 8 (LE8) is a newly updated cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics from the American Heart Association, with close relevance to metabolism. Our objective is to explore the association between LE8 scores and incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and advanced liver fibrosis in American adults. This population-based cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018, encompassing adults aged 20 years or older. Validated non-invasive scoring systems were employed to define liver steatosis and advanced liver fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regression and smooth curve fitting techniques were applied to evaluate the associations. All analyses were adjusted for the survey' complex design parameters and accounted for sample weights. A total of 11,820 participants were included. A higher LE8 score was found to be inversely associated with the incidence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.57-0.71) for MAFLD and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61-0.92) for advanced liver fibrosis per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in LE8 score. Similar patterns were found in the relationship between health behaviors/factors score and incidence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis. In subgroup analyses, the interaction test showed that age, education level, marital status, CVD, hypertension and diabetes had a significant impact on the association between LE8 score and MAFLD (all P for interaction < 0.05). Among male, elderly, wealthy, other race, CVD, diabetes and depression participants, the correlation between LE8 score and advanced liver fibrosis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Younger participants exhibited a more pronounced negative association between the CVH metric and both MAFLD and advanced life fibrosis. LE8 and its subscales score were inversely associated with the presence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis in non-linear patterns. Optimal LE8 score may significantly reduce the risk of liver steatosis and fibrosis.

Research on Load Estimation for Commercial Trucks Based on Air Suspension State Parameters

For commercial trucks, accurate vehicle load information is crucial to preventing overloading and uneven load distribution, thereby improving transportation efficiency and reducing transportation costs. Existing research on vehicle load estimation primarily focuses on tires, axles, frames, and leaf springs, with limited studies on load estimation for vehicles equipped with air suspension. This paper presents the design of a vehicle onboard weighing system for civil commercial trucks based on the state parameters of air springs and proposes a matching method for vehicle load estimation. The system utilizes laser distance- and gas pressure sensors to collect the state parameters of the air springs. It estimates the vehicle load and displays the load information in real time on the onboard display. The vehicle load estimation method was explored through prototype testing and theoretical derivation. A fitting model was constructed using surface fitting techniques to establish the relationship between the effective contact area and the height variation and capsule pressure of the air spring. Subsequently, a load prediction model was built based on the force equilibrium equation of the air springs. Finally, the construction and accuracy of the load prediction model for a specific type of diaphragm air spring were verified using finite element analysis. The results demonstrated that the average relative error of the load prediction model could be controlled within 1%, meeting the high accuracy requirements of the vehicle weighing system.

Exploring the link: Systemic immune-inflammation index as a marker in endometriosis—Insights from the NHANES 2001–2006 cross-sectional study

Objective The systemic immuno-inflammatory index (SII), a novel immune marker of inflammation, has not been previously associated with endometriosis. The objective of this research is to explore the link between SII and the occurrence of endometriosis. Methods Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2001 to 2006, we screened and extracted relevant information from the population. Participants missing data on either SII or endometriosis were excluded. We divided the remaining cohort into quartiles based on SII levels: Q1 (SII &lt; 249, n = 848), Q2 (249 ≤ SII &lt; 604.55, n = 847), Q3 (604.55 ≤ SII &lt; 825.35, n = 847), and Q4 (SII ≥ 852.35, n = 848). Multiple linear regression and smooth curve fitting techniques, were to evaluate the non-linear association between SII and endometriosis. Results The study included 3,390 adults aged 20 to 55. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between SII and endometriosis [3.14, 95% CI (2.22, 4.45), P &lt; 0.01]. This correlation was consistent across subgroups defined by marital status, poverty income ratio, BMI, alcohol consumption, and age at first menstrual period. However, the relationship between SII and endometriosis was significantly modified by age, education, and history of pregnancy in the stratified analyses. The curve fitting indicated an S-shaped curve, with an inflection point at SII = 1105.76. Conclusion The SII may serve as a predictive marker for endometriosis risk among women in the United States, offering a potentially simple and cost-effective approach. However, given the cross-sectional design of this investigation, further validation in prospective studies is necessary.

A conclusive non-detection of magnetic field in the Am star o Peg with high-precision near-infrared spectroscopy

The A-type metallic-line (Am) stars are typically considered to be non-magnetic or to possess very weak sub-G magnetic fields. This view has been repeatedly challenged in the literature; most commonly for the bright hot Am star Several studies claim to have detected 1--2 kG field of unknown topology in this object, possibly indicating a new process of magnetic-field generation in intermediate-mass stars. In this study, we revisit the evidence of a strong magnetic field in using new high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations and advanced spectral fitting techniques. We estimated the mean magnetic field strength in from the high-precision CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph $) measurement of near-infrared (NIR) sulphur lines. We modelled this observation with a polarised radiative transfer code, including treatment of the departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium. In addition, we used the least-squares deconvolution multi-line technique to derive longitudinal field measurements from archival optical spectropolarimetric observations of this star. Our analysis of the NIR S i lines reveals no evidence of Zeeman broadening, ruling out magnetic field with a strength exceeding 260 G. This null result is compatible with the relative intensification of Fe ii lines in the optical spectrum, taking into account blending and uncertain atomic parameters of the relevant diagnostic transitions. Longitudinal field measurements on three different nights also yield null results with a precision of 2 G. This study refutes the claims of kG-strength dipolar or tangled magnetic field in This star therefore appears to be non-magnetic, with surface magnetic field characteristics no different from those of other Am stars.

Exploring non-commutativity as a perturbation in the Schwarzschild black hole: quasinormal modes, scattering, and shadows

In this work, by a novel approach to studying the scattering of a Schwarzschild black hole, the non-commutativity is introduced as perturbation. We begin by reformulating the Klein–Gordon equation for the scalar field in a new form that takes into account the deformed non-commutative spacetime. Using this formulation, an effective potential for the scattering process is derived. To calculate the quasinormal modes, we employ the WKB method and also utilize fitting techniques to investigate the impact of non-commutativity on the scalar quasinormal modes. We thoroughly analyze the results obtained from these different methods. Moreover, the greybody factor and absorption cross section are investigated. Additionally, we explore the behavior of null geodesics in the presence of non-commutativity. Specifically, we examine the photonic, and shadow radius as well as the light trajectories for different non-commutative parameters. Therefore, by addressing these various aspects, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of non-commutativity on the scattering of a Schwarzschild-like black hole and its implications for the behavior of scalar fields and light trajectories.

CO[formula omitted] collision-induced line parameters for the [formula omitted] band of 12CH[formula omitted] measured using a hard-collision speed-dependent line shape and the relaxation matrix formalism

Ten high resolution Fourier transform spectra of the pentad region near 3.3μm of methane diluted in carbon dioxide at total pressures up to 800 hPa have been recorded at 296.5(5) K. Including a high resolution spectrum of pure methane at low pressure, these spectra have been analyzed using multi-spectrum fitting techniques. The methane lines were modeled using hard-collision speed-dependent line profiles and line mixing was included in the strongest absorption regions, considering the first order Rosenkranz approximation and the relaxation matrix formalism. CO2 broadening and shift coefficients have been measured, together with the speed dependence of broadening. Results obtained using the two line mixing models are intercompared and compared with previous work.

Stellar Abundances at the Center of Early-type Galaxies with Fine Structure

Our understanding of early-type galaxies (ETGs) has grown in the past decade with the advance of full-spectrum fitting techniques used to infer the properties of the stellar populations that make up the galaxy. We present ages, central velocity dispersions, and abundance ratios relative to Fe of C, N, O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Ba, and Eu, derived using full-spectrum fitting techniques for three ETGs, NGC 2865, NGC 3818, and NGC 4915. Each of these three galaxies were selected because they have optical, disturbed structures (fine structure) that are linked to major merger events that occurred 1, 7, and 6 Gyr ago, respectively. Two of the ETGs, NGC 3818 and NGC 4915, show chemical signatures similar to ETGs without fine structure, which is consistent with a gas-poor merger of elliptical galaxies in which substantial star formation is not expected. For NGC 2865, we find a statistically higher abundance of Ca (an α element) and Cr and Mn (Fe-peak elements). We show that for NGC 2865, a simple gas-rich merger scenario fails to explain the larger abundance ratios compared to ETGs without fine structure. These three ETGs with fine structure exhibit a range of abundances, suggesting ETGs with fine structure can form via multiple pathways and types of galaxy mergers.

Clutter evalution of unmanned surface vehicles for maritime traffic monitoring

A traditional maritime radar system is utilized for ship detection and tracking through onshore transmitters and receivers. However, it faces challenges when it comes to detecting small boats. In contrast, unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have been designed to monitor maritime traffic. They excel in detecting vessels of various sizes and enhance the capabilities and resolution of maritime radar systems. Nevertheless, just like conventional radar systems, USVs encounter difficulties due to environmental interference and clutter, affecting the accuracy of target signal detection. This research proposes a comprehensive numerical assessment to tackle the clutter issue associated with USVs. This involves gathering clutter signal data, performing numerical analysis, and employing distribution fitting techniques that leverage mathematical distributions to unravel data complexity. The root mean square error (RMSE) is applied in this analysis to validate the efficacy of the distribution model. The results of this study aim to formulate a clutter model that can enhance radar performance in detecting small vessels within cluttered environments.

Integrated early warning and reinforcement support system for soft rock tunnels: A novel approach utilizing catastrophe theory and energy transfer laws

The initial support strength of deep-buried soft rock tunnels during excavation is often inadequate, and the timing of reinforcement support is inappropriate. This inadequacy leads to significant deformations in the tunnel, causing the energy released by the surrounding rock to exceed the energy that the support system can absorb, ultimately resulting in tunnel collapse. Tunnel deformation monitoring and anchorage support, when combined with energy transfer laws, are thus imperative for studying collapse prediction, the timing of reinforcement support, and parameters of the reinforcement support system of the surrounding rock. In this paper, a novel approach for early warning and support control in tunnel construction facing large deformations is introduced, and a predictive model for surrounding rock instability utilizing catastrophe theory and energy transfer laws is developed. By analyzing the correlations of rock deformation and energy dissipation, the timing of anchor reinforcement support was determined using function fitting techniques. Further, an energy transfer model under reinforced anchoring support was established, and the energy absorption parameters of the support body were determined. Also, the support parameter design scheme was proposed. The results indicate that the early warning and reinforcement support scheme proposed in this paper reduces the release of potential energy by 35.71 %; decreases the number of steps needed to reduce kinetic energy to zero by 66.67 %; reduces the total dissipated energy in joint shear by 33.68 %; increases the total stored strain energy in the material by 5.70 %; and reduces the total dissipated work in plastic deformation by 26.15 %. Additionally, this plan effectively controls the originally predicted large deformation area of the meter level to within 350 mm.

Temperature prediction based on long short‐term memory convolutional neural network Bragg grating sensing

AbstractTo address the constraints associated with conventional fitting techniques for temperature demodulation in the context of subway tunnel fires, a new method of demodulation grating sensing spectrum using long short‐term memory convolutional neural network (LSTM‐CNN) is proposed in this paper. Build the monitoring platform based on LSTM‐CNN ultra‐weak fiber grating temperature measurement system, predict its sensing signals by LSTM‐CNN algorithm, select 18000 spectra as sample data for training, use AdamW stochastic optimization algorithm for training, and carry out the temperature calibration and demodulation error analysis of the Fiber Bragg Grating within the temperature range of 25–75°C. Compared with GRU algorithm, LSTM algorithm and traditional maximum peak method, the algorithm of this paper is good and can effectively improve the measurement accuracy, the experimental results show that: the demodulation accuracy of temperature wavelength prediction in this paper can be up to 99.27%, and the root mean square deviation is 0.08528°C, through the experiments, it is verified that the method proposed in this paper has a certain reference and support in terms of theories and technology significance. It is suitable for the identification and monitoring of fire hazards in underground tunnels, and also has application value in the signal processing of grating array sensing demodulation system.

Green Human Resource Management and Employee Retention in the Hotel Industry of UAE: The Mediating Effect of Green Innovation

The concept of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is regarded as a major turning point in managing human capital among firms. Sustainable practices, ecofriendly initiatives, and adequate management of employees (i.e., recruitment, training, performance, rewards, and involvement) are fundamental aspects of GHRM, which enable improvements in the performance of firms and enhanced competitiveness among their rivals. In this regard, the current study takes a quantitative approach towards analyzing GHRM practices and their effects on employee retention among hotels in the UAE. Furthermore, the indirect effect of green innovation is analyzed as a potential mediating variable that can better explain the GHRM–employee retention relationship. A total of 207 employees from five 5-star hotels were selected as participants to provide information regarding the factors under examination in this research. The collected data were analyzed using Smart-PLS v.3 and a partial least squares–structural equation modeling technique, which is a fitting technique for causal models. The perspective of employees on the outcome of GHRM initiatives and their willingness to remain in their firms can greatly contribute to the current understanding of GHRM and its effectiveness on employee retention in the context of the hotel industry of the UAE, and thus, aid practitioners and scholars alike.

The different association between fat mass distribution and intake of three major nutrients in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, is associated with various chronic health conditions. Body fat plays a crucial role in health outcomes, and nutrient intake is a contributing factor. Menopause further influences body fat, but the precise relationships between nutrients and fat mass distribution in pre- and post-menopausal women are unclear. Data from 4751 adult women aged ≥18 years old (3855 pre-menopausal, 896 post-menopausal) with completed information were obtained from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations between protein, carbohydrate, fat intake and total percent fat (TPF), android percent fat (APF), gynoid percent fat (GPF), android to gynoid ratio (A/G), subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (SAT), visceral adipose tissue mass (VAT). Subgroup analyses, stratified by menopausal status, were also conducted. Additionally, we employed smoothing curve fitting techniques to investigate potential non-linear relationships between fat mass distribution and nutrient intake. Compared with pre-menopausal women, post-menopausal women had higher body fat, BMI, and metabolic indicators but lower nutrient intake (All p<0.05). In the overall analysis, we found significant correlations between nutrient intake and fat mass. Specifically, protein intake was negatively correlated with TPF (β = -0.017, 95% CI: -0.030, -0.005), APF (β = -0.028, 95% CI: -0.044, -0.012), GPF (β = -0.019, 95% CI: -0.030, -0.008), while fat intake showed positive correlations with these measures (SAT: β = 2.769, 95% CI: 0.860, 4.678). Carbohydrate intake exhibited mixed associations. Notably, body fat mass-nutrient intake correlations differed by menopausal status. Generally speaking, protein intake showed negative correlations with body fat distribution in pre-menopausal women but positive correlations in post-menopausal women. Carbohydrate intake revealed significant negative associations with abdominal and visceral fat in post-menopausal women, while fat intake was consistently positive across all fat distribution indices, especially impacting visceral fat in post-menopausal women. Dietary intake plays a crucial role in body fat distribution, with menopausal status significantly influencing the impact of nutrients on specific fat distribution metrics. The study emphasizes the need for dietary guidelines to consider the nutritional needs and health challenges unique to women at different life stages, particularly concerning menopausal status, to effectively manage obesity.