Fitting Parameters Research Articles

Machine Learning Based Assessment of Elite Football Players Based on Anthropometric and Motor Fitness Parameters with Regard to their Playing Positions

Sports players strive to be the epitome of human excellence, pushing the barrier of skill and execution with training, focus and direction, amplified by regular training and practice. This could be attributed to various factors such as response to stimuli, physical factors, psychological factors etc. The present study incorporated the prediction of the most suited playing position of elite male football players using machine learning approaches based on their Anthropometric Parameters (AP–11 parameters) and Motor Fitness Parameters (MFP–7 parameters). Of the features analysed, results identified the position indicative nature of some parameters among6 AP (Height, Body Mass Index, Basal Metabolic Rate, Fat %, Thigh Circumference, Calf circumference) and 4 MFP (120 m, 80 m, 40 m dash and T-Test) by Spearman’s Rank Correlation Test. Further, the prediction of ideal playing position was achieved using various classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), SVM with over sampled data, SVM with hyperparameter tuning, SVM with variable scaling and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XG Boost). Among these, the highest classification accuracy and f1-score at 92% and 0.92 respectively were obtained for XG Boost Classifier which portrayed a faster performance as compared to the other approaches. The present study could be useful in professional sports training and rehabilitation so as to help the players perform better in the football game.

Separating the Spectral Counterparts in NGC 1275/Perseus Cluster in X-Rays

We present a model-independent method for separating the spectral counterparts of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) NGC 1275 from the surrounding emission of the Perseus cluster, as observed by Suzaku/XIS cameras. The Perseus cluster emission extends to higher energies than typically observed in AGN environments, reaching up to 9–10 keV. This necessitates precise separation of AGN and cluster spectra. To circumvent the degeneracy arising from numerous spectral fitting parameters, including elemental abundances, thermal and Compton emissions from the nucleus, and spectral parameters of the jet synchrotron self-Compton/inverse Compton emissions, we avoid traditional spectral fitting methods. Instead, we leverage spatial resolution and employ a double background subtraction approach. We apply this procedure to the complete set of Suzaku/XIS observational data for NGC 1275, resulting in cleaned spectra and a light curve of the AGN emission in this system. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we also utilize the available XMM-Newton/EPIC data.

Comparison of terrestrial exospheric hydrogen 3D distributions at solar minimum and maximum using TWINS Lyman-α observations

Remote sensing observations of far-ultraviolet (FUV) emissions have been used to estimate 3D neutral hydrogen (H) density models of the terrestrial exosphere under solar minimum (2008) and solar maximum (2013 and 2015) conditions. Specifically, we used Lyman-alpha (Lyman-α, FUV at 121.6 nm) radiance data acquired by the Lyman-alpha detectors (LADs) onboard NASA’s TWINS satellites, collected over several days for each of the 3 years to provide sufficient coverage of the exospheric region. The datasets included Lyman-α measurements taken only above Earth radii (Re) of 3.75, assumed to be the optically thin region of the exosphere, where the measured Lyman-α intensity along a line of sight (LOS) is linearly proportional to the atomic hydrogen column density. Based on the calibration using multiple UV-bright stars, a significant decrease in TWINS1 LAD1/2 sensitivities was found for 2013 (LAD2 ∼1/2, LAD ∼1/3) and 2015 (LAD2 ∼1/3, LAD ∼1/7) compared to 2008. The calibration uncertainty was derived to be, on average, 5%. We estimated the 3D global hydrogen density distributions from these radiance data using two different tomographic inversion methods: first, a parametric fitting method based on a spherical harmonic function of order 3 and second, a high degree-of-freedom retrieval approach to validate our retrievals of H density. Both inversion methods consistently incorporate the effects of Lyman-α absorption within the exosphere and Lyman-α re-emission from Earth’s albedo. Our results reveal that H densities during solar maximum conditions are, on average, 30%–40% higher than those during solar minimum. All models showed a high concentration of atomic H on the dayside and nightside near the Sun–Earth line, which determines a nose/geotail structure consistent with theoretical effects from the solar radiation pressure. Furthermore, we identified that H-density enhancements during solar maximum with respect to solar minimum conditions occur at mid-to-high latitudes, particularly on the dusk side, while no significant enhancement seems to occur near the dayside nose.

Quantitative assessment of kidney split function and mean transit time in healthy patients using dynamic 18F-FDG PET/MRI studies with denoising and deconvolution methods making use of Legendre polynomials

PurposeOur objective was to assess a deconvolution and denoising technique based on Legendre polynomials compared to matrix deconvolution on dynamic 18F-FDG renography of healthy patients.MethodThe study was carried out and compared to the data of 24 healthy patients from a published study who underwent examinations with 99mTc-MAG3 planar scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Due to corruption issues in some data used in the published article, post-publication measurements were provided. We have been warned that post-publication data were treated differently. The smoothing method switched from Bezier to Savitzky–Golay and the deconvolution from matrix-based (with Tikhonov Regularization) to Richardson–Lucy. A comparison of the split function and mean transit times of the published and post-publication data against our method based on Legendre polynomials was performed.ResultsFor split function, we only observed a good agreement between the processing methods for the 99mTc-MAG3 and the post-published data. No correlation was found between the split functions obtained on the 99mTc-MAG3 and the 18F-FDG, contrary to the published study. However, all calculated split function values for 18F-FDG and 99mTc-MAG3 were within the established normal range. For the mean transit time, the correlation was moderate with published data and very good with the post-publication measurements for both 99mTc-MAG3 and 18F-FDG. Bias of the Bland–Altman analysis of the mean transit times for 99mTc-MAG3 versus 18F-FDG was 1.1 min (SD 1.7 min) for the published data, − 0.11 min (SD 1.9 min) for the post-publication results and .05 min (SD 1.9 min) for our method.ConclusionsThe processing methods used in the original publication and in the post-publication work were quite complex and required adaptation of the fitting parameters for each individual and each type of examination. Our method did not require any specific adjustment; the same unmodified and fully automated algorithm was successfully applied to all data.

Reallocation of time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and estimated changes in physical fitness among preschoolers: a compositional data analysis

BackgroundPrevious research has examined the associations of preschoolers’ 24-h movement behaviours, including light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA and MVPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep, with physical fitness in isolation, ignoring intrinsically compositional nature of movement data while increasing the risk of collinearity. Thus, this study investigated the associations of preschoolers’ 24-h Movement behaviours composition with physical fitness, estimated changes in physical fitness when time was reallocated between movement behaviours composition, and determined whether associations differ between different genders, using compositional data analysis.MethodsIn the cross-sectional study, a total of 275 preschoolers (3 ~ 6 y) from China were included. SB, LPA and MVPA times were objectively monitored with an ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Sleep duration was obtained using parental reports. Physical fitness parameters, including upper and lower limb strength, static balance, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), were determined with the PREFIT battery. The associations of 24-h movement behaviours composition with each physical fitness parameter were examined employing compositional multivariable linear regression models. The changes following time reallocation among behaviours were estimated employing compositional isotemporal substitution analyses.ResultsGreater MVPA, but not LPA, was significantly related to better upper and lower limb strength, speed-agility, and CRF. Reallocating time from LPA or SB to MVPA was related to better physical fitness. The associations were non-symmetrical: the estimated detriments to physical fitness from replacing MVPA with LPA or SB were larger than the estimated benefits associated with adding MVPA of the same magnitude. The aforementioned associations with lower limb strength, CRF, and speed-agility were observed in boys, while associations with upper and lower limb strength were noted in girls.ConclusionOur findings reinforce the importance of physical activity (PA) intensity for the development of physical fitness in preschoolers. Replacing LPA or SB time with MVPA may be an appropriate strategy for enhancing preschoolers’ physical fitness.

Dynamic modeling and reliability analysis of the ball bearing rotating accuracy considering the uncertain bearing-shaft interference fit

The rotating accuracy of the rolling bearing is closely related to its precision class and the actual fitting parameters. However, there are few quantitative evaluation models to describe their relationships. In this paper, considering the effect of the uncertain but bounded interference amounts between the bearing inner ring and the shaft, the Chebyshev interval analysis method is utilized and a rotating accuracy dynamic reliability model is presented based on the two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) rotor-ball bearing system. Firstly, the relationships between the bearing radial clearance and bearing-shaft interference amounts are investigated based on the shaft-bearing interference fit model. Thus, in terms of Chebyshev interval analysis method, the 2-DOF rotor-ball bearing system with uncertain bearing-shaft interference amounts is established. Then the rotating accuracy dynamic reliability model of the ball bearing is presented based on the Chebyshev interval theory. The effects of the average values and deviation coefficients of the initial interference amounts on the actual interference amounts, radial clearance and the resultant rotating accuracy dynamic reliability of the ball bearing are analyzed. The results show that the uncertain bearing-shaft interference amounts have a significant effect on the rotating accuracy dynamic reliability of the ball bearing and reasonable design could improve the rotating accuracy of the ball bearing. The results calculated by the present study are compared to the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), which show the validity of the study.

Geophysics-Inspired Nonlinear Stress-Strain Law for Biological Tissues and Its Applications in Compression Optical Coherence Elastography.

We propose a nonlinear stress-strain law to describe nonlinear elastic properties of biological tissues using an analogy with the derivation of nonlinear constitutive laws for cracked rocks. The derivation of such a constitutive equation has been stimulated by the recently developed experimental technique-quasistatic Compression Optical Coherence Elastography (C-OCE). C-OCE enables obtaining nonlinear stress-strain dependences relating the applied uniaxial compressive stress and the axial component of the resultant strain in the tissue. To adequately describe nonlinear stress-strain dependences obtained with C-OCE for various tissues, the central idea is that, by analogy with geophysics, nonlinear elastic response of tissues is mostly determined by the histologically confirmed presence of interstitial gaps/pores resembling cracks in rocks. For the latter, the nonlinear elastic response is mostly determined by elastic properties of narrow cracks that are highly compliant and can easily be closed by applied compressing stress. The smaller the aspect ratio of such a gap/crack, the smaller the stress required to close it. Upon reaching sufficiently high compressive stress, almost all such gaps become closed, so that with further increase in the compressive stress, the elastic response of the tissue becomes nearly linear and is determined by the Young's modulus of the host tissue. The form of such a nonlinear dependence is determined by the distribution of the cracks/gaps over closing pressures; for describing this process, an analogy with geophysics is also used. After presenting the derivation of the proposed nonlinear law, we demonstrate that it enables surprisingly good fitting of experimental stress-strain curves obtained with C-OCE for a broad range of various tissues. Unlike empirical fitting, each of the fitting parameters in the proposed law has a clear physical meaning. The linear and nonlinear elastic parameters extracted using this law have already demonstrated high diagnostic value, e.g., for differentiating various types of cancerous and noncancerous tissues.

Excitation of high-quality quasi-BIC toroidal mode in a lattice perturbed terahertz metasurface

The bound state in continuum (BIC) is a phenomenon that describes the existence of nonradiative modes (dark modes) embedded in the continuum frequency range. However, an ideal BIC cannot be detected experimentally. The BIC can be transformed into a quasi-BIC by establishing a leaky channel to the radiation continuum. In this study, instead of the conventional asymmetric split ring resonator structure, a sharp quasi-BIC mode is excited in a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) metasurface by the perturbation of the lattice constant of the unit cell via changing the interspacing distance between two adjacent SRRs. The quality factor of the quasi-BIC mode can be tuned by varying the interspacing of two SRRs, while the resonance frequency of the quasi-BIC mode remains stable. An eigenmode analysis confirms the presence of the quasi-BIC mode, while the ab initio Fano theory and a coupled oscillator model elucidate the radiative and nonradiative coupling mechanisms. The influence of geometric perturbations on the quasi-BIC mode is quantitatively assessed through the extracted fitting parameters, providing insights into the transition from the dark mode (ideal BIC) to the quasi-BIC mode. The terahertz time domain spectroscopy measurement demonstrates a signature of the quasi-BIC resonance mode as a result of the band folding in the first Brillouin zone induced by the doubling of the lattice constant.

A semi-analytical transient undisturbed velocity correction scheme for wall-bounded two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange simulations

Force closure models employed in Euler-Lagrange (EL) point-particle simulations rely on the accurate estimation of the undisturbed fluid velocity at the particle center to evaluate the fluid forces on each particle. Due to the self-induced velocity disturbance of the particle in the fluid, two-way coupled EL simulations only have access to the disturbed velocity. The undisturbed velocity can be recovered if the particle-generated disturbance is estimated. In the present paper, we model the velocity disturbance generated by a regularized forcing near a planar wall, which, along with the temporal nature of the forcing, provides an estimate of the unsteady velocity disturbance of the particle near a planar wall. We use the analytical solution for a singular in-time transient Stokeslet near a planar wall (Felderhof [1]) and derive the corresponding time-persistent Stokeslets. The velocity disturbance due to a regularized forcing is then obtained numerically via a discrete convolution with the regularization kernel. The resulting Green's functions for parallel and perpendicular regularized forcing to the wall are stored as pre-computed temporal correction maps. By storing the time-dependent particle force on the fluid as fictitious particles, we estimate the unsteady velocity disturbance generated by the particle as a scalar product between the stored forces and the pre-computed Green's functions. Since the model depends on the analytical Green's function solution of the singular Stokeslet near a planar wall, the obtained velocity disturbance exactly satisfies the no-slip condition and does not require any fitted parameters to account for the rapid decay of the disturbance near the wall. The numerical evaluation of the convolution integral makes the present method suitable for arbitrary regularization kernels. Additionally, the generation of parallel and perpendicular correction maps enables to estimate the velocity disturbance due to particle motion in arbitrary directions relative to the local flow. The convergence of the method is studied on a fixed particle near a planar wall, and verification tests are performed in the Stokes regime on a settling particle parallel to a wall and a free-falling particle perpendicular to the wall.

Thermophysical properties: Viscosity, density, and excess properties of 2-propanol and n-Decane mixtures from 283.15 K to 343.15 K under atmospheric conditions

To study the effects of temperature as well as molecular interaction of a fluid system on the thermophysical properties of 2-propanol and n-Decane binary mixture, the density (ρ), dynamic viscosity (η), speed of sound (u), and refractive index (nD) of pure 2-propanol and n-Decane, along with their binary mixtures, were experimentally measured across the entire compositional range at temperatures from 283.15 to 343.15 K and atmospheric pressure. These experimental measurements helped in the evaluation of various thermophysical properties, such as excess molar volume (vE), coefficient of thermal expansion (αE), and isentropic compressibility (κsE). The experimental dynamic viscosity (η) and density (ρ) data were used to evaluate kinematic viscosity (v) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of flow with an equation based on Eyring's absolute state theory, and their corresponding excess properties. The excess properties of the binary mixtures were correlated using a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation via the least-squares regression method, with fitting parameters determined for the binary system. Moreover, the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory (PFP) was utilized to identify the primary molecular interactions contributing to the excess molar volume at 293.15, 308.15, and 323.15 K for the binary mixtures. Additionally, the capability of the Eyring-NRTL model was tested to predict the viscosity as well as vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the binary system, and the correlated model results agreed with literature data.

Activity coefficients of 3-amino-1-propanol and 2-amino-1-propanol in aqueous solutions from surface tension data

Surface tension of 3-amino-1-propanol and (RS)-2-Amino-1-propanol in aqueous solution were measured in the temperature range from 293.15 to 308.15 K at intervals of 5 K over the whole concentration range. The concentration dependence of surface tension for both amino alcohols aqueous solution shows a similar behavior to that observed for other polar solutes in water. The surface tension data of 3-amino-1-propanol and 2-amino-1-propanol at the selected temperatures were accurately described using the integral Gibbs adsorption equation, the virial equation, and the Langmuir-Gibbs equation of state. The activity coefficients γ for both solutes were determined using the virial equation and found to be unitary within the experimental uncertainty, which was confirmed by the accurate representation of the experimental data by the Langmuir Gibbs Equation of State (LGSEOS). The standard adsorption energy calculated for both solutes from the fitting parameters of LGSEOS to the experimental data indicates that (RS)-2-amino-1-propanol has a higher hydrophobic character and a greater tendency to migrate to the surface than 3-amino-1-propanol as shown by the more negative ΔGads0 values for this solute than for 3-amino-1-propanol.

Association between Anthropometric Parameters and Physical Fitness in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents

Background: Little is known regarding the association between physical fitness and anthropometric parameters in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents (aged 5–15 years). Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiorespiratory fitness by peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), muscle strength/endurance by handgrip strength, standing broad jump, abdominal and modified push-up tests, and flexibility using the sit-to reach test. Linear regression analyses (simple and multiple) were applied to investigate the association between anthropometric parameters and physical fitness. Results: In total, 86 children and adolescents (mean age: 11.44 ± 2.20 years) participated in the study. A significant association was observed between anthropometric parameters, whereby the sum of four skinfolds could explain 69% of the fat mass percentage and 30% of VO2peak; the sum of two bone diameters could explain 70% of fat-free mass, 55% of bone mineral content, and 43% of bone mineral density; calf skinfold and subscapular skinfold tests could explain the distance of standing broad jump, and the number of modified push-ups explained 16% of the standing broad jump and 19% of the modified push-up test results. Conclusions: Adding the measurements of four skinfolds and two bone diameters to a follow-up routine can provide relevant information regarding fat accumulation, bone development, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength/endurance status in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents, supporting decision-making and measures for the adequate development of this population.

Impact of Weight Status on Hemodynamic Parameters and Aerobic Fitness in School-Aged Children: A Study in a Rural School Community.

Maintaining a high level of physical activity provides significant health benefits for children, particularly in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness and maintaining a healthy weight. This study aimed to investigate the impact of weight status on children's hemodynamic parameters and aerobic fitness levels. This cross-sectional study included 350 rural primary school children (146 boys and 204 girls) aged 11-13 years, randomly selected from two schools in the King Cetshwayo District, KwaDlangezwa area of KwaZulu-Natal. The anthropometric measurements recorded included height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference, with percentiles calculated using Cole's Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Additionally, skinfold measurements were obtained at four sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac). Hemodynamic measurements included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Aerobic fitness was assessed using the 20 m shuttle run test, which evaluated speed, level, and age. The healthy group demonstrated significantly lower ratios in several measurements compared to those of the overweight group, i.e., the VO2max was 6% higher (<0.001), the waist-to-hip ratio was 6% lower (<0.001), the body fat percentage was 16% lower (<0.001), the waist circumference was 12% lower (<0.001), and the resting heart rate was 3% lower (p ≤ 0.055). Differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also observed, with the systolic pressure 2% lower (p ≤ 0.116) and the diastolic pressure 3% lower (p ≤ 0.086) in the healthy group. The study revealed a significant association between body weight status, aerobic fitness, and blood pressure parameters. Conducted in rural primary schools in KwaDlangezwa, KwaZulu-Natal, the research highlights notable correlations among weight status, aerobic competence, and blood pressure (BP) in children aged 11 to 13 years. The findings indicate that children with a healthy body weight showed higher VO2max levels and a reduced risk of developing childhood obesity and hypertension, unlike their overweight or obese peers, who displayed lower aerobic fitness and higher blood pressure.

Study of grain orientation effect on the corrosion behavior of biocompatible magnesium alloy Mg–2Zn-0.5Ca

In recent years, biocompatible magnesium alloys have garnered extensive attentions because of their wide applications in clinical medicine. Their excellent biocompatibility allows the avoidance of secondary surgeries for removal. However, magnesium-based biocompatible alloys are still suffering from some shortcomings such as rapid corrosion rate, causing limited service time. Among the factors that influence the corrosion resistance, the grain orientation (GO) is a primary factor influencing its corrosion behavior. Since the surface energy differs among various grains with different orientations, the corrosion sensitivity is anisotropic. Based on the 10T samples, we have established a functional relationship between the reciprocal of corrosion rate and the percentage of each grain orientation. The fitting parameters for the grain orientations of (0001), (1–100), and (11–20) are 0.133, 0.034, and −0.0287, respectively. This intuitively demonstrates that different grain orientations exhibit varying sensitivity to corrosion, with (0001) showing the highest corrosion resistance, while (11–20) has a negative impact on improving corrosion resistance. Furthermore, when we applied this formula to another set of 3T samples, we found that the calculated results matched well with the actual measurements, indicating that this formula has a certain degree of accuracy in quantifying the relationship between corrosion rate and grain orientation.(3T and 10T represent for the annealing treatment made at 400 °C for 3 and 10 min respectively.)

Global fit to b→cτν anomalies as of Spring 2024

Recently, several new experimental results of the test of lepton flavor universality (LFU) in B→D(*) semileptonic decays were announced: the first result of RD from the LHCb run 1 data, the first results of RD and RD* from the LHCb run 2 data, and the first result of RD* from the Belle II collaboration. Including these new data, a global analysis still prefers the violation of the LFU between the tau and light leptons. A new world average of the data from the , LHCb, Belle, and Belle II collaborations is RD=0.342±0.026 and RD*=0.287±0.012. Including this new data, we update a circumstance of the b→cτν¯ measurements and their implications for new physics (NP). Incorporating recent developments for the B→D(*) form factors in the Standard Model, we observe a 4.4σ deviation from the Standard Model prediction. Our updates also include model-independent NP formulas for the related observables and the global fittings of parameters for leptoquark scenarios as well as single NP operator scenarios. Furthermore, we show future potential to indirectly distinguish different NP scenarios with the use of the precise measurements of the polarization observables in B→D(*)τν¯ at the Belle II and the high-pT flavored-tail searches at the LHC. We also discuss an impact on the LFU violation in ϒ→l+l−. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Radiation shielding transmission data for modern digital radiography.

Radiography is one of the most widely used x-ray imaging modalities. In National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 147, transmission data for radiographic systems were evaluated on those installed before 2000. For x-ray systems (except intraoral dental) manufactured on or after June 10, 2006, the U.S. required minimum half-value layer (HVL) was increased; for example, 2.9 (2.3) mm Al at 80kV, where the value in parenthesis denotes the earlier requirement before the above date. To calculate the transmission of the broad x-ray beam of modern digital radiography (DR) through shielding materials. X-ray beam HVLs on two DR systems (Agfa DR 600, GE Revolution XR/d) were measured in 10kV increments between 60 and 120kV, with a calibrated ionization chamber (Radcal model 10×5-60) and varying thickness of aluminum 1100 plates. Monte Carlo (Geant4) simulation was performed to calculate the transmission of broad x-ray beams through lead, concrete, gypsum, and steel, with x-ray HVLs matching those of the DR 600 at two beam filtrations (default, 1mm Al plus 0.1mm Cu added filtration). The transmission data were fitted to the Archer equation. HVLs on two DR systems with default beam filtration were consistent (median difference, 2.1%; maximum difference, 5.5%). An additional beam filtration option (1mm Al plus 0.1mm Cu) on the DR 600 substantially increased HVLs by 45.2%-61.2%. Transmission fitting parameters were provided for seven tube voltages (60-120kV) at two beam filtrations. This work presents transmission data for modern DR systems, indicating increased x-ray beam filtration compared to the primary x-ray beam in NCRP Report No. 147. The updated transmission data can enhance structural shielding evaluations at individual tube voltages or with a workload distribution.

Cosmology in f (R, T) modified gravity : unified dark matter and dark energy model constrained by current observations

The proposed cosmological model deals with modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) in f(R, T) = R + ξ(T) gravity, where R is the Ricci Scalar and T is the trace of energy-momentum tensor. The function ξ(T) is chosen as the linear combination of power law and logarithmic form under flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker space-time. The model is compatible with current observational data (Pantheon Type Ia Supernova) and confronts the deceleration and state parameters effectively. The model can predict the Big Rip in future infinity and can also tackle the difficulties related to the fine-tuning and the coincidence problem practically. Further, we have numerically solved the modified Friedmann equations in f(R, T) gravity and also performed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis to obtain the best fit parameters of this current cosmological model. These best parameters are then used to compute the cosmographic parameters, i.e., the deceleration parameter, the jerk parameter and the snap parameter. Significantly, the cosmographic test has given valuable insights into the dynamics of the current cosmological model and also enriched us to understand about the cosmic evolution of the accelerated Universe. Additionally, the Statefinder diagnostics and O m diagnostics have provided deeper insights into the dynamics of the cosmic expansion and also provided information to distinguish between both the cosmological frameworks. Furthermore, these tests also reveal that at late times, the current model goes beyond the phantom region. Again, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) have provided enough support for the current model under consideration, indicating that the present model exhibits a plausible explanation. However, the ΛCDM model has emerged with the lowest AIC value which suggests its relatively superior fit compared to the current model. Finally, our current model aligns well with several recent observations and unveils various intriguing features about the late time accelerated Universe.

Effects of Bulgarian bag training on bio-motor fitness, physiological, haematological, and performance in young adult male Kabaddi players

Kabaddi demands high bio-motor fitness and physiological robustness in players. The Bulgarian Bag, known for its dynamic training potential, offers multi-planar movements to enhance strength, endurance, and coordination. However, its impact on Kabaddi players still needs to be explored. To assess the effects of Bulgarian Bag training (BBT) on bio-motor fitness, physiological, hematological, and performance measures in young adult Kabaddi players. A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned to either the BBT Group (BBTG) (n = 15; age = 20.73 ± 1.83 years; weight = 72.56 ± 7.27 kg; height = 175.20 ± 6.03 cm) or the active Control Group (CG) (n = 15; age = 20.80 ± 1.69 years; weight = 71.86 ± 4.75 kg; height = 171.46 ± 6.06 cm). The training intervention lasted 12 weeks and was conducted during the in-season period. All outcome parameters tests were conducted before and after the intervention, including agility (AG), explosive strength (ES), shoulder strength (SS), muscular strength (MS), resting heart rate (RHR), VO2max, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HG), and playing ability (PA). The ANCOVA analysis revealed significant between-group differences in all physical fitness measures at post-test. Specifically, the BBTG showed significant improvements in AG, ES, SS, MS, RHR, VO2Max, RBC, WBC, HG, and PA (d = 0.75 to 3.28; Δ0.50% to 16.37%). Moreover, the BBTG group significantly reduced resting heart rate (d = 0.75; Δ-3.31%). In contrast, no significant changes were reported in the Control Group (CG) between pre- and post-tests (d = 0.00 to 0.78; Δ-0.08% to 4.59%). Integrating BBTG into the training program of young adult male Kabaddi players yielded beneficial effects across multiple parameters of bio-motor fitness, physiological, hematological, and playing ability. The findings reveal the potential of BBTG as a valuable training method for enhancing Kabaddi performance and overall athletic conditioning. Keywords: Kabaddi Player, Bulgarian bag training, bio motor, physiological, haematological

POROELASTICITY AND ROCK PHYSICS TEMPLATES

Two common rock physics templates (RPTs) that are used to identify geological facies and fluid trends derived from well log or pre-stack inverted seismic data involve cross-plotting VP/VS ratio against acoustic impedance, IP (the product of P-wave velocity, VP, and density) and mu-rho against lambda-rho, where mu and lambda are the Lam矣oefficients extracted from P and S-wave velocity, called the LMR, or LambdaMuRho, method. Using well log examples from an Alberta gas well and a deeper North Sea oil well, we show how to superimpose constant mu-rho and lambda-rho curves on a VP/VS versus IP cross-plot, which produce orthogonal trends of stiffness or porosity (from mu-rho) and fluid saturation (from lambda-rho) that match the data trends reasonably well. We then consider the related technique of KMR, or KMuRho, where K represents bulk modulus, and show how to superimpose constant K-rho trends on a VP/VS versus IP cross-plot. Again, we get orthogonal trends of stiffness or porosity (from mu-rho) and fluid saturation (from K-rho), but the fit to our real data examples is less accurate than with LMR. Using Biot-Gassmann poroelasticity theory, we generalize the LMR and KMR approaches into a technique we call FMR (Fluid-Mu-Rho). In the FMR techniques we introduce two new fitting parameters, f and d, where f is a fluid term derived from Biot-Gassmann theory, and d is the dry rock VP/VS ratio squared. When we superimpose fluid trends from the FMR technique on our two well log datasets, and adjust the f and d parameters, we achieve accurate fits to the datasets. Finally, we apply the FMR technique to a seismic case study from the Gulf of Mexico. In an appendix, we compare the FMR technique to the empirical Curved Pseudo-Elastic impedance, or CPEI, and Pseudo-Elastic Impedance for Lithology, or PEIL, methods.

Direct extraction of optical constants of organic semiconductors in ultrastrongly coupled microcavities and their application in antireflection design for polariton devices

The strongly bound Frenkel excitons in organic semiconductors enable strong or even ultrastrong exciton-photon coupling in room-temperature cavities, with the resulting polariton states typically resolved through reflectance measurements. This paper demonstrates that the distinct features of exciton and polariton modes in the reflectance spectra of strongly/ultrastrongly coupled organic microcavities can be effectively utilized to extract the optical constants and physical thickness of the embedded organic semiconductor. We investigate metal-clad microcavities based on two prototype conjugated polymers, poly[2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), both exhibiting ultrastrong coupling characteristics. The (n,k) spectra and thickness of these polymer films are determined by fitting the normal incidence reflectance spectra of organic microcavities, using Kramers-Kronig transformation and transfer-matrix calculations with varying optical and thickness parameters. We also examine the individual effects of the main fitting parameters on the spectrum, establishing a close correlation with the underlying polariton properties. Moreover, we analyze the optical admittance at exciton and polariton modes to understand reflectance variations with different parameters, which facilitates precise control of optical properties at specific modes through cavity design. Finally, using the extracted optical constants of MDMO-PPV and P3HT, we propose optimized microcavity designs that exhibit antireflection at the lower polariton mode for potential luminescence and photodetection device applications.