Evaluation Of Fit Research Articles

Investigating the effect of body shape on denim clothing fit

Denim products have original visual effects that are integrated with their sewing features. This initial aesthetic appearance risks deterioration if seams are modified because clothing does not fit. Clothing fit problems caused by variations in body shape are sensitive issues that need to be explicitly examined for denim products. In this work, to investigate the effects of body shape on denim clothing fit, denim overalls were chosen, as they cover three primary areas (chest, waist, hips) which are mainly used to define body shapes. For this purpose, overalls were designed in size 40 using 3D fashion design software. In the first part of the study, the size-40 avatar in the program was dressed in denim overalls using four different constructions of denim fabric. Clothing fit for the standard body shape for each fabric was evaluated using tension and pressure maps. Fabric 2, having an average value in terms of weight, thickness, bend, and stretch among the fabrics, was chosen for the second part of the study to examine the effect of body shape on clothing fit. Subsequently, five avatars with different body shapes were designed. Then, for the five different body shapes, avatars were dressed in overalls in the chosen denim fabric. Clothing fit values were evaluated using software tension and pressure maps and found to be within acceptable limits, which is considered ideal. The fit evaluation indicated that varying body shapes with extra width or narrowness of the chest, waist, and hip lines affected the clothing fit.

Evaluation of Internal Fit in Custom-Made Posts and Cores Fabricated with Fully Digital Versus Conventional Techniques.

This study aimed to assess and compare the internal fit of custom-made posts and cores fabricated using digital impressions (DI) and conventional vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impressions in restorative dentistry. A typodont tooth model, simulating the anatomy of the root canal of a central incisor, was utilized for the study. Two groups were formed, Group A and Group B, and each group provided a total of 18 impressions of two types: DIs and VPS impressions. In Group A, posts and cores (PCs) were fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) from the DIs. Meanwhile, in Group B, conventionally cast (CC) PCs were created from the VPS impressions. Silicone replicas of the internal surfaces were produced, and measurements were made at seven different points for each group. A statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences in internal fit between the two impression techniques. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in mean internal fit between Group A (DI and SLM) and Group B (VPS and CC), with Group A exhibiting a mean internal fit of 182.6 µm and Group B showing a mean of 205.9 µm. While both groups demonstrated considerable variability in internal fit measurements, the digital impression technique showed promise for achieving superior internal fit, with a significantly greater fit for measuring points on sides and the most apical part of the post for Group A. Variations were observed across different measuring points, emphasizing the impact of impression technique on specific regions within the tooth. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge in digital dentistry by highlighting the potential benefits of DIs in achieving a superior internal fit for custom-made PCs. Clinicians may consider the advantages of digital techniques to enhance the precision of their restorative procedures, although further research is warranted to evaluate the clinical impact of these findings.

Life-course perspective on the causal mechanism of social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Due to prior emphasis on clinical recovery in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD), improving social functioning (SF) was oftentimes neglected, with ⩽15% of patients achieving social recovery. Priorly, we and others have shown that life-course factors, including childhood adversities, play a role in the occurrence and severity of postmorbid SF impairments, highlighting the need to understand these factors for effective interventions. This study investigates the mechanisms influencing SF in SSD and examines the causal roles of childhood trauma, premorbid adjustment, perceived stigma, self-esteem, and quality of life. This longitudinal study utilized data of 1,057 SSD patients, with measures at baseline, 3 and 6-year follow-up, from the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis cohort, to unravel the causal mechanism underlying SF utilizing Structural Equation Modeling. Determinants were assessed using validated retrospective and self-report questionnaires. Model development and testing involved a multistage process, encompassing relationships exploration, fit evaluation and model comparison. We developed a probable causal model. Impaired premorbid adjustment emerged as a crucial factor, exerting negative influence on long-term SF, with a direct effect of β = -.252, p < .001 on SF at 3-year follow-up and β = -.056, p = .073 at 6-year follow-up. Childhood trauma exhibited a negative direct effect on SF at 3-year follow-up (β = -.087, p = .039), while demonstrating a substantial carry-over, indirect effect. Elevated perceived stigma negatively affected SF at 3-year follow-up (β = -.112, p = .008). The model explained 9.9% of SF variation at the 3-year follow-up and 54.3% at the 6-year follow-up. While validation is necessary, we found a foundational basis for causal interpretation. Premorbid adjustment, childhood trauma, and perceived stigma are essential life-course factors shaping postmorbid SF in SSD. We recommend interventions covering both prevention and treatment for individuals with established symptoms-addressing childhood trauma, premorbid adjustment, and perceived stigma-to enhance long-term social outcomes and offer actionable insights for clinicians.

Evaluation of the marginal fit of lithium disilicate single crowns fabricated with the conventional (IPS e.max Press) and CAD/CAM (IPS e.max CAD) methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of single-unit full-coverage lithium disilicate fixed dental restorations fabricated with the conventional heat-pressed technique and the digital CAD/CAM workflow. The present study was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Α study research was conducted in Medline via PubMed and Cochrane Library databases together with a hand search of studies published until June 2022. The search terms combined suitable MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms together with free text words in single or multiple conjunctions. A modified methodological index was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. A random effects model was applied to pool the effect estimates, and further assessment of the heterogeneity across studies was conducted using the Q test and the I2 metric. All statistical analyses were performed with RStudio software, version 4.1.2, using the 'meta' package. The electronic search and hand search identified 51 articles. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review, 17 of which were in vitro studies and only 1 was an in vivo study. However, only 17 of the initial 18 articles could be included in the meta-analysis due to a lack of statistical data in one of the in vitro studies. Statistical analyses were conducted using the RStudio software program. Meta-analysis was performed with the random effects model (α = 0.05). No statistical difference was found between the two fabrication methods (P = 0.49). Although the mean marginal adaptation of lithium disilicate single crowns was found to be better with the heat-pressed technique, there was no statistical significance with the CAD/CAM-fabricated restorations, and both resulted in a clinically acceptable result. Nonetheless, more clinical studies are needed for safer conclusions.

Asymptotically Correct Person Fit z-Statistics For the Rasch Testlet Model.

A well-known person fit statistic in the item response theory (IRT) literature is the statistic (Drasgow et al. in Br J Math Stat Psychol 38(1):67-86, 1985). Snijders (Psychometrika 66(3):331-342, 2001) derived , which is the asymptotically correct version of when the ability parameter is estimated. However, both statistics and other extensions later developed concern either only the unidimensional IRT models or multidimensional models that require a joint estimate of latent traits across all the dimensions. Considering a marginalized maximum likelihood ability estimator, this paper proposes and , which are extensions of and , respectively, for the Rasch testlet model. The computation of relies on several extensions of the Lord-Wingersky algorithm (1984) that are additional contributions of this paper. Simulation results show that has close-to-nominal Type I error rates and satisfactory power for detecting aberrant responses. For unidimensional models, and reduce to and , respectively, and therefore allows for the evaluation of person fit with a wider range of IRT models. A real data application is presented to show the utility of the proposed statistics for a test with an underlying structure that consists of both the traditional unidimensional component and the Rasch testlet component.

Assessment of virtual bracket removal by artificial intelligence and thermoplastic retainer fit

Digital orthodontics is here to make our specialty more efficient, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is no exception. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of a workflow involving virtual bracket removal (VBR) by AI to traditional bracket removal. A secondary objective was to compare the clinical fit of thermoplastic orthodontic retainers fabricated from 3-dimensional (3D) printed models created by each method. Thirty dental arches were scanned intraorally with the fixed labial orthodontic brackets in place, creating 30 standard tessellation language (STL) files which were labeled "pre-debond." For each patient, all brackets and residual adhesive were then clinically removed, and an additional intraoral scan was taken and labeled "post-debond." Each pre-debond scan was uploaded to the uDesign by uLab software (version 7.0; uLab Systems, Inc, Memphis, Tenn), which uses AI to virtually remove orthodontic brackets using 1-touch bracket identification. New STL files were created for each of the 30 arches and labeled VBR. Best fit superimpositions were performed using Geomagic Control X (3D Systems, Inc, Rock Hill, SC), and data were collected as both numerical values and color-coded deviation maps. Superimposition data were segmented for each arch (anterior, posterior right, and posterior left) to determine if the arch location was a relevant factor. All post-debond and VBR STL files were 3D printed. Thermoplastic retainers were fabricated on each 3D-printed model. Retainers were delivered to patients and clinically graded by 2 practitioners. There was a statistically significant difference in standard deviation and out-of-tolerance percentage values when comparing traditional debonded arches and virtually debonded arches when using sextant locations as a factor (anterior, posterior right, and posterior left). Grading scores for both evaluators show a statistically significant difference for the evaluation of facial surface adaptation and snap-fit acceptability between retainer fabrication methods. However, there was no correlation between out-of-tolerance values and clinical retainer fit evaluation among any of the graded variables in either the maxillary or mandibular arches. VBR by AI is considered accurate enough to be used for the fabrication of clinically acceptable thermoplastic orthodontic retainers.

Evaluation of Marginal Fit of CAD/CAM Ceramic Crowns and Scanning Time Using Different Intraoral Scanning Systems.

This study aimed to evaluate the scanning time and marginal fit of CAD/CAM crowns fabricated using different intraoral scanning systems (IOS) (O1-Omnicam 1.0, O2-Omnicam 2.0, PS-Primescan). A standardized, 3D-printed composite resin die with a full-crown tooth preparation was scanned ten times with each IOS, and the scanning time was recorded. Subsequently, lithium disilicate ceramic crowns were designed and milled. The crowns were seated in the die and scanned using micro-computed tomography to assess the marginal fit. Fifty-two measurements were performed for each crown. Data were assessed for homogeneity, and one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test were performed (α = 0.05). For the analysis of vertical fit categories, the chi-square (Fisher's exact) test (α = 0.05) was used. The mean vertical fit values were: O1-46.7 ± 16.4 μm, O2-33.8 ± 21.4 μm (p = 0.041), and PS-12.3 ± 6.6 μm (p < 0.001). The vertical fit values were further categorized by percentage and representative specimens were scanned with electron microscopy to evaluate adaptation. The mean scanning times were: O1-37.4 ± 3.1 s; O2-34.8 ± 2.7 s; and PS-27.8 ± 1.9 s. Significant differences were observed in the scanning times and marginal fit values of the CAD/CAM ceramic crowns across the different IOS systems, with PS demonstrating the best results. Improvements in IOS hardware and software significantly influence these outcomes.

Multivariate probabilistic forecasting of electricity prices with trading applications

This study extends recently introduced neural networks approach, based on a regularized distributional multilayer perceptron (DMLP) technique for a multivariate case electricity price forecasting. The performance of a fully connected architecture and a LSTM architecture of neural networks are tested. Different from previous studies we incorporate dependence between multiple exchanges (EPEX and Nord Pool). The empirical data application analyzes two auctions in the day-ahead electricity market for the United Kingdom market. Along with statistical evaluation of probabilistic forecasts we develop a flexible bidding strategy based on risk-adjusted investor utility function. The trading application leverages the differences of the two exchanges by having long/short positions in both. Our findings demonstrate while DMLP shows similar performance compared to the benchmarks, the algorithm is considerably less computationally costly. LASSO Quantile Regression is better in terms if statistical evaluation of distributional fit, while DMLP outperforms in terms of Sharpe ratio (by 18%) in the trading application.

An alternative method for the rapid verification of the three-dimensional adaptation of splinted implant-supported crowns

Fit accuracy is crucial for the clinical success of implant-supported prostheses. Traditionally, radiographs have been used to assess the marginal fit in 2 dimensions. Three-dimensional (3D) evaluation based on optical scanning techniques requires additional software programs and procedural steps. This article describes an alternative workflow for the rapid verification of the 3D fit of splinted implant-supported crowns. First, the abutments and splinted crowns were positioned onto a printed cast and scanned, with the data exported as a reference. Following the intraoral placement of the abutments and the splinted crowns, an additional scan was made and compared with the reference data to calculate deviations directly within the intraoral scanner. This protocol simplifies the fit evaluation process and provides rapid results, thereby enhancing efficiency and saving time.

A tutorial on Bayesian structural equation modelling: Principles and applications.

This paper explores the utilisation of Bayesian structural equation modelling (BSEM) in psychology, highlighting its advantages over frequentist methods for handling complex models and small sample sizes. Basic concepts and fundamental issues relevant to BSEM are introduced, such as prior setting, model convergence, and model fit evaluation and so on. The paper also provides illustrative examples of commonly employed BSEMs, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models, mediation models and multigroup CFA models, accompanied by empirical data and computer codes to facilitate implementation. Our goal is to provide researchers with novel ideas for empirical research and equip them to overcome challenges inherent to traditional methods. As BSEM continues to gain traction in various fields, we anticipate its development will feature improved methods, techniques and reporting standards.

Evaluation of marginal fit of conventional, milled, and direct metal laser sintered cobalt chromium crowns: A comparative study

Evaluation of marginal fit of conventional, milled, and direct metal laser sintered cobalt chromium crowns: A comparative study

Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Fit of Provisional Restoration Fabricated by Two Different Scanning Techniques

Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Fit of Provisional Restoration Fabricated by Two Different Scanning Techniques

Comparison of actual and virtual pressure of athletic clothing in active poses

PurposeThe circular design process in contemporary fashion design, from two-dimensional (2D) sketching and pattern making to three-dimensional (3D) prototypes, can be facilitated by virtual prototyping. Virtual pressure representations on avatars provide visual and quantitative information regarding garment fit and comfort, which are particularly important for active wear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the benefits of using avatars in active poses from 3D body scans and the use of digital 3D tools for the design process and the prediction of fit of active wear.Design/methodology/approachThis research initially explores virtual fit of cycling wear in active poses and compares the actual pressure values from humans with virtual pressure maps on custom avatars made from body scans in cycling poses across a range of sizes.FindingsSimilar fit results were achieved visually in both the standing and cycling poses. However, the comparisons showed no correlation between the actual and virtual pressure data. Of the 32 cases representing different combinations of the parameters of this research (four sizes, two garment types, four active poses), the differences were significant. The results suggest that, rather than providing a direct correlation with pressure values on the body, the main value of avatar data is in providing comparative visual support for fit evaluation.Originality/valueThe approach taken in this research, which considers the active pose and the size range, potentially contributes to the improvement of virtual fit technology, and its more effective use in apparel product development and fit evaluation.

Equivalence Testing Based Fit Index: Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual

A popular measure of model fit in structural equation modeling (SEM) is the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) fit index. Equivalence testing has been used to evaluate model fit in structural equation modeling (SEM) but has yet to be applied to SRMR. Accordingly, the present study proposed equivalence-testing based fit tests for the SRMR (ESRMR). Several variations of ESRMR were introduced, incorporating different equivalence bounds and methods of computing confidence intervals. A Monte Carlo simulation study compared these novel tests with traditional methods for evaluating model fit. The results demonstrated that certain ESRMR tests based on an analytic computation of the confidence interval correctly reject poor-fitting models and are well-powered for detecting good-fitting models. We also present an illustrative example with real data to demonstrate how ESRMR may be incorporated into model fit evaluation and reporting. Our recommendation is that ESRMR tests be presented in addition to descriptive fit indices for model fit reporting in SEM.

Evaluation of fracture resistance and marginal fit of implant-supported interim crowns fabricated by conventional, additive and subtractive methods

BackgroundInterim crowns are utilized for restoring implants during and after the process of osseointegration. However, studies on adaptation and fracture strength of implant-supported interim crowns are rare.Aim of the studyThe aim of this in vitro study is evaluating marginal fit and fracture resistance of conventional, subtractive, and additive methods of fabricating implant-supported interim crowns.Materials and methodsAn implant was placed in an epoxy resin model with a missing first molar. A scan body was attached, and scanned with an intraoral scanner (IOS), the STL file was used to fabricate eighteen master models with standardized implant digital analogue spaces. The digital analogues and their corresponding abutments were attached to the master models and scanned with the IOS, the STL files were used to fabricate eighteen crowns using three different techniques (n = 6): conventional (CR); from Autopolymerizing composite resin, subtractive (SM); milled from PMMA resin blanks, and additive (AM); from 3D printed resin material. The crowns were fitted and cemented on their corresponding abutments and subjected to cyclic loading and thermocycling. The marginal fit was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The crowns were then loaded until fractured in a universal testing machine. The Shapiro–Wilk and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests revealed that data of Marginal gap was non-parametric. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test was used (α = 0.05). While data of Fracture resistance test was parametric. ANOVA (F-test) was used followed by the Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultsFor marginal gap, a significant difference was shown between the study groups (P = .001) according to Kruskal–Wallis test. Groups SM and AM had significantly lower marginal gap values compared to group CR (P = .003). No significant difference was found between groups SM and AM (P = .994). For fracture resistance, One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in fracture resistance between study groups (P < .001). Group SM had significantly higher fracture strength followed by group AM and group CR (P = .001).ConclusionsGroup SM and AM showed better marginal adaptation than group CR. Group SM showed superior fracture resistance compared to other groups. All study groups showed acceptable marginal gap and fracture resistance.

Comparative Evaluation of the Marginal Fit and Internal Adaptation of Polymethyl Methacrylate Interim Crowns Fabricated using two different techniques- “Conventional” and “CAD-CAM Milling”: An In Vitro Study

Introduction Interim crowns provide valuable functional and esthetic information of the final outcome during the evaluation period and act as the blueprint for the design of definitive prostheses. The fabrication technique and material used are the key factors involved in the success of the prosthesis. However, marginal fit and internal adaptation of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) interim crowns fabricated using conventional and computer aided designing-computer aided machining (CAD-CAM) PMMA milling have not been well investigated. The inter-group statistical comparison of means of normally distributed continuous variables is done using independent sample t test. Material and Methods Typodont (Nissin, Japan) of the maxillary central incisor was scanned (Ceramill Map 600+, Amann Girrbach AG) and 3D printed (Form 4, Formlabs) to create the master die used in the study, while a Typodont of a prepared maxillary central incisor was scanned using a digital scanner (Ceramill Map 600+, Amann Girrbach AG) and a .STL file obtained was modified using Exocad software for designing the study models. Three equidistant points A, B and C passing from the center of the incisal edge to the root of the typodont were indented labially and A` B` and C` were indented palatally in the same plane using Exocad software for symmetrical sectioning while checking for marginal fit and internal adaptation. 50 3D printed (Form 4, Formlabs India) models of the prepared tooth were printed and 25 interim crowns were fabricated using Polymethyl Methacrylate (DPI Tooth moulding material, DPI India) by conventional and 25 interim crowns were fabricated using CAD-CAM PMMA (Ceramill a-temp, Amann Girrbach AG). They were then luted (Han Temp Cement eugenol free, NE Korea) to respective models and viewed under a stereomicroscope (Ziess) for marginal fit at 2 specific points and internal adaptation at 4 specific points. Results The mean SD of marginal fit measurements at buccal and site in Group A (conventional technique) and Group B (CAD-CAM milling) was 95.32 ± 7.78 µm and 66.92 ± 14.59 µm respectively. At lingual site in Group A and Group B was 94.84 ± 7.97 µm and 66.80 ± 10.93 µm respectively. The mean marginal fit measurement at lingual site is significantly higher in Group A compared to Group B (P-value%3C0.05). The mean SD of internal fit measurements at upper 1 site in Group A and Group B was 335.19 ± 94.70 µm and 226.76 ± 89.68 µm respectively. At upper 2 site in Group A and Group B was 368.88 ± 120.25 µm and 240.85 ± 93.72 µm respectively. At lower 1 site in Group A and Group B was 313.52 ± 99.92 µm and 262.49 ± 94.33 µm respectively. At lower 2 site in Group A and Group B was 367.93 ± 107.36 µm and 264.52 ± 86.97 µm respectively. The mean internal fit measurement is significantly higher in Group A compared to Group B (P-value%3C0.05). Conclusion The interim crowns fabricated using the conventional technique displayed a less favourable marginal fit and internal adaptation when compared to CAD-CAM fabricated interim crowns. Key Words CAD-CAM, Interim crowns, Marginal fit and internal adaptation

The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Product Innovation with Employee Productivity and Financial Performance of Fintech Companies in Indonesia

This study looks into the connections between employee productivity, organizational culture, financial performance, and product innovation in Indonesian fintech companies. A quantitative study was carried out with the data that was gathered from 180 individuals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, model fit evaluation, measurement model assessment, structural model estimation, and mediation analysis. The findings show that financial performance, staff productivity, product innovation, and organizational culture are all positively correlated. Product innovation is strongly influenced by organizational culture, and this has a favorable effect on worker productivity and financial performance. Furthermore, through both staff productivity and product innovation, mediation research demonstrates strong indirect benefits of organizational culture on financial performance. It was discovered that there is no substantial correlation between organizational culture and financial performance. The aforementioned results underscore the need of cultivating an accommodating organizational culture that stimulates creativity and efficiency in order to attain exceptional financial outcomes within the Fintech sector.

A comparative evaluation of marginal fit and microleakage of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing-milled zirconia and prefabricated posterior occlusal veneers: An in vitrostudy.

The aim of this study was to compare the marginal fit of prefabricated occlusal veneers with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-milled zirconia occlusal veneers in the posterior teeth. Forty extracted human maxillary premolars were divided into two groups of 20 each. Group 1 was prepared to receive prefabricated occlusal veneers, and Group 2 was prepared to receive CAD-CAM-milled zirconia occlusal veneers. Prefabricated samples (Edelweiss) were selected for Group 1, whereas for Group 2, the tooth preparations were scanned, and occlusal veneers were fabricated using Exocad designing software and milling machine. After luting, both the groups were submerged in dye, sectioned, and evaluated for marginal fit and microleakage under a stereomicroscope using the microscope imaging software and its measurement tool. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 27.0. Intragroup and intergroup comparison was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Chi-square test was applied to check the depth of penetration of dye based on percentages. The marginal gap of zirconia occlusal veneers fabricated with CAD-CAM is higher compared to that of prefabricated occlusal veneers. Similarly, the depth of penetration of dye is higher in CAD-CAM-milled zirconia occlusal veneers than prefabricated occlusal veneers. The marginal fit of prefabricated occlusal veneer is better than the marginal fit of zirconia occlusal veneers fabricated with CAD-CAM. Similarly, it can also be concluded that the microleakage of prefabricated occlusal veneer is less compared to the CAD-CAM-milled zirconia occlusal veneers.

Evaluation of the Marginal Fit of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Crowns: An In-Vitro Comparative Study.

Achieving optimal marginal fit is essential for the success of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic crowns. In this in-vitro study, we compared the marginal fit of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic crowns using two different CAD/CAM scanners, powder free (System A, Omnicam) and powder based (System B, Blue cam). The mean marginal gap for System A was found to be 63.5 μm (standard deviation ± 10.2 μm), while for System B, it was 57.8 μm (standard deviation ± 9.8 μm). System B demonstrated a slightly superior marginal fit compared to System A, with a difference of 5.7 μm. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that both Omnicam and Blue cam produced clinically acceptable marginal fit of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic crowns. However, Blue cam exhibited a slightly better marginal fit compared to Omnicam. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings.

Enhancing Model Fit Evaluation in SEM: Practical Tips for Optimizing Chi-Square Tests

This paper aims to advocate for a balanced approach to model fit evaluation in structural equation modeling (SEM). The ongoing debate surrounding chi-square test statistics and fit indices has been characterized by ambiguity and controversy. Despite the acknowledged limitations of relying solely on the chi-square test, its careful application can enhance its effectiveness in evaluating model fit and specification. To illustrate this point, we present three common scenarios relevant to social and behavioral science research using Monte Carlo simulations, where fit indices may inadequately address concerns regarding goodness-of-fit, while the chi-square statistic can offer valuable insights. Our recommendation is to report both the chi-square test and fit indices, prioritizing precise model specification to ensure the reliability of model fit indicators.