Quality Of Fish Research Articles

Effects of microplastics, pesticides and nano-materials on fish health, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanism.

Microplastics and pesticides are emerging contaminants in the marine biota, which cause many harmful effects on aquatic organisms, especially on fish. Fish is a staple and affordable food source, rich in animal protein, along with various vitamins, essential amino acids, and minerals. Exposure of fish to microplastics, pesticides, and various nanoparticles generates ROS and induces oxidative stress, inflammation, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and DNA damage and alters gut microbiota, thus reducing the growth and quality of fish. Changes in fish behavioral patterns, swimming, and feeding habits were also observed under exposures to the above contaminants. These contaminants also affect the Nrf-2, JNK, ERK, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways. And Nrf2-KEAP1 signalling modulates redox status marinating enzymes in fish. Effects of pesticides, microplastics, and nanoparticles found to modulate many antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione system. So, to protect fish health from stress, the contribution of nano-technology or nano-formulations was researched. A decrease in fish nutritional quality and population significantly impacts on the human diet, influencing traditions and economics worldwide. On the other hand, traces of microplastics and pesticides in the habitat water can enter humans by consuming contaminated fish which may result in serious health hazards. This review summarizes the oxidative stress caused due to microplastics, pesticides and nano-particle contamination or exposure in fish habitat water and their impact on human health. As a rescue mechanism, the use of nano-technology in the management of fish health and disease was discussed.

Tingkat Kandungan Histamin pada Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis) dengan Metode Pembekuan yang Berbeda di CV. Novira Abadi Kota Banda Aceh

The fisheries sector in Indonesia has a greater potential, namely pelagic and demersal fish populations including skipjack tuna and tuna skipjack tuna are referred to as commodities that have high nutritional value but are easily damaged because they contain lots of protein which is high in free amino acids for microbial metabolism. production of ammonia, biogenic amines, organic acids, ketones and sulfur composition. Fish is one of the food products that is prone to deterioration in quality due to the action of enzymes or microbial growth. Handling of fresh fish can be done by applying cold temperatures through freezing techniques to prevent deterioration of fish quality. The SCF (semi contact plate freezer) method is a product freezing process between refrigerated shelves and this process takes place quickly. The use of semicontec in this product is fish arranged in a pan, which consists of 144 pans of cold air around the product with a temperature of - 40°C for 5 hours, with a temperature of 17.4°C in skipjack tuna, the histamine content was 0.3 ppm. ABF (Air Blast Freezer) freezing method. Freezing is done by placing the fish products that have been arranged in a pan and putting them into the ABF (air blast freezer) at the temperature used in the company, which is -35°C for 22 hours. in the arrangement of the fish that is included in the air blast freezer Freezing air blast freezer, which is a cold media made from freon that is used to freeze or ripen fish. The temperature of the fish after being frozen at air blast freezer 15.400C. by producing histamine levels in skipjack tuna 3.9 ppm, where the fish can still be consumed.

Public Perception of The Implementation of an Eco Fishig Port Priciple at The Fish Auction Place of Karangantu, Serang City

Eco port is a predicate of a port that has implemented systematic efforts or steps to build and maintain an environmentally friendly port area. Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions such as large amounts of waste from fishing port activities can cause environmental pollution and affect public health. This research aims to determine public perception towards the management of the Fish Landing Place (TPI) of Karangantu in accordance with the principle of eco fishing port. Primary data was obtained through observations in July-August 2022 on ship unloading activities until the transaction process at Karangantu TPI. Interviews with Karangantu Archipelagic Fishing Port (PPN) employees, TPI managers and TPI service users were conducted to find out each stakeholder's perception of environmental sanitation conditions and hygiene of fish catches. Secondary data were obtained from various publications available in Karangantu PPN. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively (tables and graphs) and quantitatively (Likert scale). The results showed that the management of Karangantu TPI is in accordance with the eco port principle. However, the public considers that the parameters of liquid waste handling and the quality of fish catches landed at TPI Karangantu must be improved.

Evaluation of the good quality and parasitic purity of fish from lake Ladoga

Freshwater fish is one of the most valuable resources of inland waters. Raw fish is a perishable product, therefore, the assessment of product freshness is the most important indicator of its safety. In addition, in relation to freshwater fish, the indicator of parasitic purity is of particular importance, since fish is an intermediate host of pathogens of parasitic diseases transmitted to humans.The studies were carried out in the summerautumn period. The objects of research were samples of chilled freshly caught fish from the southern part of Lake Ladoga. Veterinary and sanitary examination of fish was carried out in accordance with the Veterinary Rules for the appointment and conduct of veterinary and sanitary examination of fish, aquatic invertebrates and fish products from them intended for processing and sale by organoleptic, physicochemical and microscopic methods. Parasitological examination included external examination, parasitological dissection of the fish, examination of muscle tissue by the method of parallel cuts and compressor. As a result, the studied samples were recognized as fresh in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and microscopic parameters. An external examination of the eyes revealed damage to the lens of the eye by metacercariae of trematodes Diplostomum sp., gill filaments of roach were affected by monogenetic flukes Dactylogyrus sp. Pigmented areas of localization of Posthodiplostomum cuticola metacercariae, the so-called «black-spotted disease», were noted on the surface of the body of fish of the cyprinid family.During parasitological autopsy and examination of the abdominal cavity, the surface of the internal organs of the bream, the larva of Ligula intestinalis was found, and the plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium latum were found in the caviar of two individuals of the pike. As a result of a compressor study of the muscle tissue of pike, crucian carp, roach, rudd, perch, and bream, Paracoenogonimus ovatus metacercariae were identified. Of the parasites found in the samples of the studied fish, D. latum is of epidemiological significance, the rest of the pathogens are not dangerous to humans, the sanitary assessment of the fish should be given on the basis of the presentation of the product.

Correlative Assessment of Water Quality and Qualitative and Quantitative Fish Production from River Yamuna, In the State NCT Delhi

River Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height 6,387 Metres. Earlier, the waters of the Yamuna were distinguishable as "clear blue", as compared to the silt-laden yellow of the Ganges. However, due to high density population growth and rapid industrialization, today Yamuna is one of the most polluted rivers in India, especially around New Delhi, the capital of India, which dumps about 58% of its treated or partially treated waste into the river. Hence, water quality of river Yamuna has widely been studied with regard to physico-chemical characteristics. The paper presents their impact of pollution on the production of fishes in the state of NCT Delhi. The river Yamuna has been reduced to a small stream due to sewage and industrial effluents draining into it. Even though, the Govt. of India is taking stringent measures to assuage these pollution loads to save an ailing river to flourish the aquatic life, revival is not so eminent. Due to that the production and quality of fish is affected badly. Economical aspects of the state NCT Delhi has also impacted.

Effect of basil (Ocimum sp.) essential oil addition in chitosan edible film on the quality of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in cold storage

Abstract. Setyaningsih R, Pangastuti A, Farahdilla N. 2023. Effect of basil (Ocimum sp.) essential oil addition in chitosan edible film on the quality of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in cold storage. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 21: 18-25. One of the marine fish favored by the community is the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus Poey, 1860). However, the quality of fresh fish will rapidly deteriorate during the auctioning, sorting, and marketing processes. Basil essential oil contains antimicrobial compounds that may improve the efficacy of edible film in preserving fish quality. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using edible chitosan film with glycerol plasticizer and basil essential oil to increase the shelf life of red snapper and inhibit the growth of microorganisms. This study used two treatments consisting of basil essential oil (0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%), with sample testing on days 0, 3, and 6, and storing the samples at 4°C. The results showed that fish flesh's pH and water content revealed a statistically significant (P= 0.05) difference between treatments. However, Total Volatile Base (TVB) values for optimum treatment of 3% and 4.5% did not significantly differ. The Total Plate Count (TPC) showed that red snapper coated with an edible film treatment of 3% was the most optimal for inhibiting microbial growth. The panelists also preferred red snapper fillets with an edible film containing 3% basil essential oil because it increases the fillets' shelf life compared to other treatments.

TRACE ELEMENT CONTENT IN THE PINK SALMON FROM THE RIVERS OF THE BARENTS AND OKHOTSK SEAS BASINS

The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn were determined in the invasive pink salmon that came to spawn into the Kola and Tuloma rivers of the Kola Peninsula, flowing into the Barents Sea, in July 2019. The content of trace elements in the organs and tissues of pink salmon introduced in the Euro-Arctic waters of Russia was compared to those of the pink salmon from its natural range, which returned to spawn in the rivers of the Sakhalin and Iturup Islands in 2016-2018. It has been established that concentrations of Zn, Cu and Ni noticeably predominate in all organs and tissues of introduced pink salmon, whereas Pb and Cd - in the Sea of Okhotsk pink salmon. Obviously, the differences in the microelement composition in fish are caused by environmental conditions. In the Barents Sea, they are formed under the influence of the Gulf Stream, as well as the anthropogenic impact of the Kola Peninsula, which is characterized by the extraction, processing and smelting of a number of metals, primarily Ni and Cu, as well as Zn. In the Sakhalin-Kuril basin, the specificity of the environment and the microelement composition of salmon are due to the influence of natural factors - volcanism and upwellings. Herds of pink salmon during feeding and migration in the Pacific Ocean cross a high-nutrient and at the same time geochemically impact natural zone formed by the Kuril Ridge and the Kuril-Kamchatka depression, which supplies chemical elements to surface waters. Here, the concentration of Pb is most markedly increased in fish. The development of the introduced pink salmon in the new area is facilitated by the recent increase in temperature in the waters of the North Atlantic, so the amount of fish production in it will increase. The mastering of pink salmon in new feeding places sets before scientists the task of monitoring the dynamics of its abundance, taking adequate measures for fishery regulation and fish quality control.

Effect of fish meal replacement byAzollameal on growth performance, hemato‐biochemical and serum parameters in the diet of scale carp,Cyprinus carpiovar.communis

AbstractA 12‐week growth experiment was conducted to evaluate the suitability ofAzolla cristataas a fish meal (FM) substitute in diets forCyprinus carpiovar. communisfingerlings. Six iso‐nitrogenous and isocaloric (16.17 kJ/g GE) diets were formulated to contain 42% crude protein and each treatment had three replicates. The mean initial weight of the fish was 3.4 ± 0.2 g. Graded levels ofA.cristata0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% in the diets were fed to the fish in triplicate groups, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) differences in growth performance of fish‐fed diets containing 10% and control (0%) inclusion levels were seen. However, further increase inAzollameal (AM) supplementation resulted in gradual decline in growth performance of fish in terms of live weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. All hematological parameters had a linear declining trend as the proportion of AM in diet was increased. Protein content of fish was found significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in fish‐fed higher inclusion of AM. Serum biochemical parameters were also noted to reduce with increasing inclusion of AM, except for glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). On the basis of results obtained in the present study, it is recommended that 10%Azollameal can be included in the practical diets forC. carpiovar.communisfingerlings as partial replacement for fishmeal without affecting their growth, feed efficiency, and fish quality for the intensive culture of this fish species.

Characterization of Seaweed Caragenan Eucheuma cottonii and Its Aplication as Edible coating

Seaweed E. cottonii is carragaenophytes or carrageenan-producing plant. Carrageenan has a functions stabilizer, thickener and gel former, so it can be used as edible coating that can maintain fish quality. Tuna has nutritional content per 100 grams such protein around 25-26.2%; water 69.40%; fat 1.50%; and carbohydrates 0.03%. Tuna filets quickly decompose if proper handling is not carried out, it is necessary to apply edible coating because this edible coating can protect the product from air contamination and can prevent microbial growth. This study aims to determine the effect of extraction time characteristics of carrageenan and the appropriate concentration of carrageenan for edilbe coating tuna filet. The extraction process was carried out by heating dried seaweed samples with 8% KOH solution for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours at a temperature of 50˚C. The best characteristics of carrageenan resulted from 2 hours of extraction time with 40% yield, 14.95% water content, 63 dPas viscosity and 12.396 ppm sulfate content. The best carrageenan was applied as edible coating on tuna filets with 3 concentrations, namely 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%, each of which was added with 2 mL of glycerol. Based on the Total Plate Count (TPC), it was found that a carrageenan concentration of 2.5% could prevent bacterial growth in the sample as indicated by the TPC number obtained at 2.7×106, which was lower than the control, which was 1.7×107.

Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Malapterurus electricus from Anambra River, Nigeria

Aim: One of the constraints of fish in the wild for sustainable productivity is parasitic infections. The study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal helminth parasites associated with Malapterurus electricus and their prevalence in relation to sex and size.
 Study Design: The study was a survey done to establish the type of gastrointestinal helminth parasites found in M. electricus.
 Place and Duration of Study: The specimens were collected from Anambra River between August and December 2018.
 Methodology: A total of thirty-two (32) fishes were examined through dissection and observation of the alimentary canal under the objective lens of the microscope. The chi-square test was employed to determine the possible association between parasite prevalence, the sexes, and size. Results: The overall prevalence of parasites was 56.25%. The parasites recovered were, Electrotaenia malapteruri (50.00%) and Tenuisentis niloticus (6.25%). The male specimens (18) recorded a prevalence of 66.67% while the female (14) recorded a prevalence of 42.86%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths among gender (P=0.178, P>0.05). The length group, 30 – 39cm had a 100% prevalence. Thus, a significant difference between the fish size and parasite prevalence was observed. The weight groups, 100 -199g, and 400 - 499g also had a 100% prevalence. However, no significant relationship was observed between fish weight and parasite prevalence. The intestine was infected with parasitic worms of the cestode and acanthocephalan species.
 Conclusion: This study showed that there is high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in M. electricus and this may possibly affect the fish quality.

Microbial inoculums improve growth and health of Heteropneustes fossilis via biofloc-driven aquaculture

Biofloc technology aims to maximize fish farming productivity by effectively breaking down ammonia and nitrite, promoting healthy flocculation, and enhancing the growth and immunity of cultured animals. However, a major limitation in this field is the suitable starter microbial culture and narrow number of fish species that have been tested with the biofloc system. Here, we investigated various microbial inoculum containing beneficial microbes with probiotics, immunostimulatory and flocs development and bioremediation properties would lead to the development of ideal biofloc development. Three treatment groups with different microbial combinations, viz., group 1 [Bacillus subtilis (AN1) + Pseudomonas putida (PB3) + Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC-2601)], group 2 [B. subtilis (AN2) + P. fluorescens (PC3) + S. cerevisiae (ATCC-2601)] and group 3 [B. subtilis (AN3) + P. aeruginosa (PA2) + S. cerevisiae (ATCC-2601)] were used and compared with the positive control (pond water without microbial inoculums) and negative control (clear water: without microbial inoculums and carbon sources) on biofloc development and its characteristic features to improve the water quality and growth of fish. We demonstrated that microbial inoculums, especially group 2, significantly improve the water quality and microbiota of flocs and gut of the test animal, Heteropneustes fossilis. The study further demonstrates that biofloc system supplemented with microbial inoculums positively regulates gut histomorphology and growth performance, as evidenced by improved villous morphology, amylase, protease and lipase activity, weight gain, FCR, T3, T4 and IGF1 levels. The inoculums induced an antioxidative response marked by significantly higher values of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, the supplementation of microbial inoculums enhances both specific and non-specific immune responses and significantly elevated levels of immune genes (transferrin, interleukin-1β and C3), and IgM was recorded. This study provides a proof-of-concept approach for assessing microbial inoculums on fish species that can be further utilized to develop biofloc technology for use in sustainable aquaculture.

Effect of different orthogonal double frequency ultrasonic assisted freezing on the quality of sea bass.

The ice crystals formed in the body of the fish after freezing will cause irreversible damage to the fish's tissues, resulting in a decline in the fish quality. Therefore, based on the single frequency and double frequency ultrasonic freezing technology, the influence of orthogonal ultrasonic on the sea bass quality was studied. The results showed that the orthogonal ultrasonic wave could effectively improve the utilization rate of ultrasonic. In addition, SEM images showed that the muscle tissue in the dual frequency orthogonal ultrasonic assisted freezing group (DOUAF-40 (H) 20 (V)) was more uniform and dense. DOUAF-40 (H) 20 (V) group did not cause excessive oxidation of myofibrin on the one hand, and on the other hand reduced the duration of lipid oxidation in fish. The results showed that the orthogonal ultrasonic freezing technology inhibited the impact on fish quality during the freezing process, which provided a reference for the food freezing industry to improve aquatic products.

Chitosan and Drying Temperature Optimization on the Quality of Bage Lemuru Fish using RSM Methods

Bage is a traditional fermented fish in Sumbawa made from lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru). The aims of this study were to determine the chemical properties (moisture content and crude protein), microbial properties, and the panellist’s preferences for bage fish products after the addition of chitosan during the process. Optimization analysis using Response Surface Methodology showed that the temperature acquired was 60.93˚C. The chitosan concentration amounted to 3.51%, resulting in a water content of 23.47% and protein content of 49.91%. The number of microbial colonies in all treatments did not exceed the maximum limit of salted fish category product, based on SNI 8273 – 2016, but the fungal growth was found in samples with a temperature of 53 and 55˚C on the 20th day. The highest level of panellist preference for taste and aroma of bage fish was at a treatment temperature of 60 ° C with the addition of chitosan 4.62%, whereas the best texture was obtained by treatment at a temperature of 53˚C with the addition of 4.62% chitosan

Combined effects of high-fat diet and polystyrene microplastic exposure on microplastic bioaccumulation and lipid metabolism in zebrafish.

Extensive use of microplastics (MPs) threatens the safety of aquatic environments and hydrobionts. Increasing the weight of economic fish through high-fat diet (HFD) to increase production is common in aquaculture. However, little is known about the combined effects of MPs and HFD in fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between adiposity and MP bioaccumulation in fish. Using zebrafish as a vertebrate model, the content of polystyrene (PS) MPs in zebrafish tissues exposed to 5 and 50μm of 1000μg/L PS MPs was detected via confocal Raman spectroscopy in normal diet (ND) and HFD. The content of PS MPs in HFD group was significantly higher than that in ND group. The levels of hepatic lipids were significantly elevated in zebrafish subjected to HFD treatment, and this effect was aggravated by exposure to 5μmPS MPs, and even caused liver injury. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure to PS MPs interferes with hepatic lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in zebrafish. These results suggests that in addition to controlling the use and performing proper recycling of plastic products in our daily life, we should not blindly increase the weight of fish through HFD. This aids protect the quality of economic fish and prevent MPs from being consumed by humans through the food chain. This study explored the interaction between fish feed culture and environmental pollutants to provide important reference for fish culture.

Sistem Proteksi Manajemen Daya Ruang Simpan Stok Ikan Berbasis IOT di CV. Indonesia Nature Miracle

This article is a community service journal as a form of activity report in the implementation of higher education tridharma activities. This service is the application of IOT in the placement and classification of fish quality. The circulation model and selection of quality fish are only given a place and a label so that it allows the misuse of fish by related parties, either repacking or selling actions that do not comply with company standards. In solving problems with the company, we provide service in the form of making prototypes of fish placement media and supervision in the form of direct monitoring to superiors through cloud control by obtaining information on recording the date of entry and exit of fish from the container and also the name of the person in charge of Quality control, so that it can be used to support quality fish and also to maintain the availability of these fish. In this system, informants are determined based on an implementation study, namely the company management. Analysis and mitigation of supply chain risk has an impact on sales and inventory, with the existence of this program it is hoped that it can assist companies in implementing product quality determination.
 
 Keywords: website, Supply chain, klasifikasi stok ikan

Review of Literature on Fish Marketing in Coastal Districts of Karnataka - Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract: Purpose: In Indian economy fishing has its own importance. India is one of the largest producers of fish both sea and in land. Fisheries help in expanding food supplies, employment generating, raise nutritional level and earn foreign exchange. The fisheries production contributes around 1% to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and over 5% of agricultural GDP. The fisheries sector provides employment for over 11 million people who are fully employed, part time or in ancillary activities related to the sector with an equally impressive proportion of the population engaged in ancillary activities. At present, India being the largest fish producers in the world, accounts for about 6% of global fish production. Purpose of the study to know the challenges of fresh fish marketing activity and the opportunities for fishermen and women in fresh fish marketing in view of improvement of their socio - economic status as well as supply of quality products to ultimate consumers. Fish sellers faces numerous problems while marketing the fish such as poor drainage, safety, electricity, icing, personal expenses, unsanitary environment and transportation, etc., The development of fish marketing facilities is vital, by improving fish transportation facilities, building an ice factory and introducing a fish quality monitoring unit. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study systematic literature review methodology is used to identify research gap and research agendas. A technical study was used for research. Studies based on the secondary information. Information related to fisheries problem in procurement, transportation, selling the fresh will be collected. Their views regarding magnitude of the problems will be presented in tabular form. Further their expectation from institutional agency and their support for fisheries activities. Secondary data is collected through books, newspapers, previous research and government websites. Findings: Significant number of research initiatives in the field of Fish marketing issues, management, functions, climate change effect, performance of fisheries cooperatives in the international and in India but very few studies are done to socio - economic conditions of fisher - women, fish - marketing in Coastal District of Karnataka – Challenges and opportunities. Level of education in fish marketing is low. Adequate storage conditions must be provided to preserve the fish. Finally, this paper highlights the challenges of fresh fish marketing activity and the opportunities for fishermen and women in fresh fish marketing regarding improvement in their socio - economic status as well as supply of quality products to ultimate consumers. Recommendations for future research are also formulated in systematic literature reviews. Originality/Value: Fisherwomen plays an important role in fisheries sector and responsible for providing services to fishing families and community networks and support structures. Studies have not thrown light on problems of fisherwomen in procurement, processing, transportation and marketing of fresh fish in distinct location. Academia, researchers and experts working in the field of fish marketing will find this article useful in understanding the current state of the literature on fish marketing opportunities and challenges and existing gaps. Paper Type: Review of Literature

Toward an Intelligent Blockchain IoT-Enabled Fish Supply Chain: A Review and Conceptual Framework.

The fish industry experiences substantial illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) activities within traditional supply chain systems. Blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) are expected to transform the fish supply chain (SC) by incorporating distributed ledger technology (DLT) to build trustworthy, transparent, decentralized traceability systems that promote secure data sharing and employ IUU prevention and detection methods. We have reviewed current research efforts directed toward incorporating Blockchain in fish SC systems. We have discussed traceability in both traditional and smart SC systems that make use of Blockchain and IoT technologies. We demonstrated the key design considerations in terms of traceability in addition to a quality model to consider when designing smart Blockchain-based SC systems. In addition, we proposed an Intelligent Blockchain IoT-enabled fish SC framework that uses DLT for the trackability and traceability of fish products throughout harvesting, processing, packaging, shipping, and distribution to final delivery. More precisely, the proposed framework should be able to provide valuable and timely information that can be used to track and trace the fish product and verify its authenticity throughout the chain. Unlike other work, we have investigated the benefits of integrating machine learning (ML) into Blockchain IoT-enabled SC systems, focusing the discussion on the role of ML in fish quality, freshness assessment and fraud detection.

Rapid Assessment of Fish Freshness for Multiple Supply-Chain Nodes Using Multi-Mode Spectroscopy and Fusion-Based Artificial Intelligence.

This study is directed towards developing a fast, non-destructive, and easy-to-use handheld multimode spectroscopic system for fish quality assessment. We apply data fusion of visible near infra-red (VIS-NIR) and short wave infra-red (SWIR) reflectance and fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy data features to classify fish from fresh to spoiled condition. Farmed Atlantic and wild coho and chinook salmon and sablefish fillets were measured. Three hundred measurement points on each of four fillets were taken every two days over 14 days for a total of 8400 measurements for each spectral mode. Multiple machine learning techniques including principal component analysis, self-organized maps, linear and quadratic discriminant analyses, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, support vector machine, and linear regression, as well as ensemble and majority voting methods, were used to explore spectroscopy data measured on fillets and to train classification models to predict freshness. Our results show that multi-mode spectroscopy achieves 95% accuracy, improving the accuracies of the FL, VIS-NIR and SWIR single-mode spectroscopies by 26, 10 and 9%, respectively. We conclude that multi-mode spectroscopy and data fusion analysis has the potential to accurately assess freshness and predict shelf life for fish fillets and recommend this study be expanded to a larger number of species in the future.

Evaluation of Microbial Quality of Fishes and Sanitary Condition of Wholesale and Retail Fish Markets in Peri-urban Area of Kolkata, India

The present study conducted during October, 2019 to January, 2020 was aimed to assess the microbial quality of selected fish species viz., Labeo rohita, Lates calcarifer and Johnius belangeri and check the sanitary condition of two selected fish markets i.e., Baghajatin wholesale fish market and Garia retail fish market in Kolkata, India. The results of TPC of fish muscle never crossed the limit of 4.70 log cfu g-1 as specified by ICMSF. Total plate count (TPC) of fish muscle were well within the limit of acceptability suggesting to be fit for consumption. The Total plate count value of water, ice, and swab samples were found higher in the month of October and lower in the month of January. The high values of TPC were recorded in water, ice and swab samples suggesting poor sanitation, improper handling and use of contaminated water in ice production. All the three species collected from two different selected fish markets were detected to contain the pathogenic microorganisms like Salmonella sp., Clostridium sp., Listeria sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The results also indicated the presence of faecal coliform in water, ice and swab samples. It is recommended that potable water must be used for manufacturing of ice and handling should be done under good hygiene and sanitary conditions.

Feed Modification Using Carrot Flour to Improve Growth and Brightness Koi Fish Color

Color is vital in determining the quality of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) and is even seen as an important component in selecting ornamental fish. Therefore, alternative feed sources are needed, which are highly nutritious and increase the brightness of fish. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding carrot flour (Daucus carota L.) and the concentration that had a good impact on increasing the color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio L.). This study used six treatments where treatment A was fed containing Spirulina as a control. Treatment B was the addition of carrot flour with a concentration of 5%, C with a concentration of 10%, D with a concentration of 15%, E with a concentration of 20%, and F with a concentration of 25%. The results showed that adding carrot flour affected the brightness of the color of the fish. The best color improvement is found in treatment F, with a value of 6.