Fish Industry Research Articles

Green Waterfront City, Future Perspectives for Sustainable City in Tidal Flooding Prone Area at Northern Semarang

Due to their low topography and flat terrain, Semarang's northern coastal areas are vulnerable to tidal flooding. This paper explains the concept of Green Waterfront City for northern coastal areas of Semarang. The concepts include: the design of mangrove forest areas on Semarang's North Coast as a natural, eco-friendly barrier that withstands sea abrasion; the concept of an artificial embankment made of natural materials that collects sediment and turns into a dike to reduce sea abrasion; and amphibious housing, which is a versatile, light-colored, eco-friendly residential area. Should the concept be put into practice, it would create advantages in some aspects such as: a) Socially, people affected by the tidal floods on the north coast of Semarang will be provided with appropriate housing and permitted to go back to where they previously lived; b) Economy: Communities affected by tidal floods on Semarang's north coast will see an increase in their economic worth in the fishing and tourism industries through the introduction of Silvofishery; c) Environment: The development of Green Waterfront City for northern coastal areas of Semarang can mitigate the negative environmental effects of tidal flooding and sea abrasion.

Feeding Habits and Reproductive Biology of Newly Discovered Endemic Glassfish, Parambassis waikhomi Geetakumari & Basudha, 2012 of Manipur

Parambassis waikhomi Geetakumari & Basudha, 2012, locally called Ngamhai in Manipuri dialect, is carnivorous in nature, mainly feeds on zooplankton, larvae, nymph etc. The alimentary canal of P. waikhomi is short with well demarcated stomach, and villiform teeth in both the jaws. The values of relative gut length (RGL) ranges from 0.44–0.5 for the specimens whose gut length ranges from 24.12–30.6 mm and body size range from 50–70 mm in total length of body. The maximum values of Gonado-somatic index (GSI) for males and females were observed in April i.e., 1.9439 and 10.2976 respectively. The absolute fecundity determined in the size range of 43.52–63.15 mm in total length and 1.51–4.95 g in body weight ranged from 16860 eggs for ovary weight of 0.15g to 55076 eggs for ovary weight of 0.49g. The species generally breed on pre-monsoon (March). These findings will be helpful for aquaculturist and fisheries resource management strategies as this is an endemic potential ornamental species which can be introduced in ornamental fish industries and its popularization to the rest of the world.

The globalized fish Industry: Employing DNA-barcoding and NIRS technology to combat counterfeiting and safeguard traditional agro-food products

Traditional food plays a crucial role in showcasing the culture and heritage of its producers. The identification of the Traditional agro-Food Product (TFP) “Seppia bianca di Chioggia”, which is derived from Italian traditional cuttlefish, was performed through genetic analysis utilizing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I subunit gene (COI) sequences and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The set samples were obtained from the shores of Chioggia (Adriatic Sea), and a comparison was made with cuttlefishes collected from Cesenatico (Adriatic Sea) and the coastal regions of France (Atlantic Ocean). The primary objective was to differentiate the TFP from samples sourced from nearby production areas and distant geographic locations that are commonly sold in Italy. A total of 368 cuttlefishes were analysed for NIRS data, whereas a subset of 75 samples were randomly selected and analysed for COI sequences to assess cuttlefish origin and TFP certification. Genetic and NIRS models were then tested on the same set of samples using a machine learning approach through the hold-out validation method. Additionally, an external validation was performed using a new set of cuttlefishes (labelled fished in shore of Chioggia or in Atlantic Ocean) collected from the daily fish market located in Chioggia (Venice, Italy). Both technologies showed excellent accuracy (100%) in discriminating fishing origin between the Adriatic Sea and Atlantic Ocean. However, the genetic information was not sufficient to differentiate cuttlefishes between the closest fishing areas within the Adriatic Sea (balanced accuracy = 50–83.5%) and did not provide information about the production system (TFP certification), while it showed the highest performance of genetic membership assignment (≥96%) among untreated cuttlefishes collected in the fish market. However, the NIRS model completely differentiated (accuracy = 100%) samples according to the specificity of the treatment nature (simple skinned products vs. TFP preparations), while it was unable to differentiate cuttlefish origin in untreated samples collected in the fish market (accuracy = 50%). The present results demonstrated that NIRS represents a rapid, fast, green and nondestructive approach to support on-site, practical inspection to authenticate and promote TFP protection that mirrors a niche product as a result of the synergy between natural resources and cultural heritage.

Current applications and future trends of artificial senses in fish freshness determination: A review.

Fish is a highly demanding food product and the determination of fish freshness is crucial as it is a fundamental factor in fish quality. Therefore, the fishery industry has been working on developing rapid fish freshness determination methods to monitor freshness levels. Artificial senses that mimic human senses are developed as convenient emerging technologies for fish freshness determination. Computer vision, electronic nose (e-nose), and electronic tongue (e-tongue) are the emerging artificial senses for fish freshness determination. This review article is uniquely worked upon to investigate the current applications of the artificial senses in fish freshness determination while describing the steps, and fundamental principles behind each artificial sense, comparing them with their advantages and limitations, and future trends related to fish freshness determination. Among the artificial senses, computer vision determines the freshness of fish in a completely nondestructive way while the e-tongue determines the freshness of fish in a completely destructive way. There are developed e-noses for fish freshness determination in both destructive and nondestructive ways. By analyzing visual cues such as color, computer vision systems can assess fish quality without the need for physical contact and it makes computer vision suitable for large-scale industrial fish quality assessing applications. Overall, this review study reveals artificial senses as a proven replacement for traditional sensory panels in determining fish freshness precisely and conveniently. As future trends, there is a demand for developing applications for consumers to determine fish freshness based on artificial senses.

Monitoring of individual indicators of safety and quality of water and fish of Khadzhibey estuary

Water significantly influences the quality and safety of fish because it is the environment for the life and cultivation of fish. A study of hydrochemical and microbiological indicators of the water of Khadzhibey estuary was conducted; the content of heavy metals in it was determined. In the Khadzhibey estuary, from 2022 to 2023, the water acidity indicator was stable, did not exceed the established hygienic standards for fish farms, and was within the range of 7.6 ± 0.4–8.4 ± 0.3 mg/L, which completely meets the requirements for fish farming. The maximum salinity in the estuary is observed in summer and is 15 % higher compared to winter and spring indicators. The water type of the estuary is mixed with moderate mineralization. It was established that the zinc content in water samples from the estuary exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 2.6 %. The content of Cadmium, Lead, Copper, and Mercury is constant and does not exceed the maximum allowable concentration for fish farms. An increase in zinc content in water is a stress factor and affects the quality of fish meat. The research results showed that the content of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic organisms does not exceed the maximum permissible level in muscle tissue cultures of common carp and round bull caught by commercial fishing from the Khadzhibey estuary. Escherichia coli bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and pathogenic microorganisms were not detected in the samples of the fish subject to the study. According to the microbiological indicators of water and fish, common carp and Round goby caught by industrial fishing in the Khadzhibey estuary are safe and allowed for further consumption by humans and animals.

Perfil lipídico y calidad nutricional de especies de pescado enlatadas en aceite vegetal: matrinxa (Brycon amazonicus) y sardina de agua dulce (Hemiodus unicamculatus)

Given the need to satisfy the demand for fish consumption, canned native fish has emerged as a market alternative, but it is necessary to determine the nutritional aspects of this product. The aim of this study was to characterise the lipid profile and evaluate the nutritional quality of matrinxã preserved in vegetable oil and compare these results with freshwater sardines obtained from the same type of processing and canning. Matrinxã species had higher protein content than sardines, but sardines had higher levels of moisture, lipids and total minerals. The predominant fatty acid in the canned fish samples was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid and palmitic acid. In terms of nutritional quality, matrinxã showed higher indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity and lower values of the following ratios: hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids; polyunsaturated/saturated and omega 6/omega 3 ratio in relation to sardines. In view of the results, it can be affirmed that Matrinxã, from a nutritional point of view, presents itself as a good alternative for the canned fish industry.

Diet for a Better World: Exploring the Intersectional Impact of Meat-based vs Plant-Based Diets and First Steps for Change

Humanity is faced with numerous pressing issues from the health crisis and human rights violations to climate change and animal cruelty. Although various methods are being employed to solve these issues, dietary changes are often overlooked. Unbeknownst to many people, the meat, dairy and fish industries continue to play a substantial role in perpetuating environmental degradation, animal cruelty, and human rights issues. However, the adoption of a 'plant-based' or 'vegan' diet emerges as a powerful catalyst for yielding widespread change in these issues. This research paper aims to explore the importance of transitioning society away from animal-based diets and towards plant based meals. Addressing a spectrum of urgent issues, this paper underscores the often underestimated potential of transitioning to plant-based diets as a potential solution to human, animal and environmental issues. The paper commences with a meta-analysis, employing an intersectional lens of human ethics, animal ethics, environmental concerns, and health perspectives, to evaluate the negative repercussions of animal agriculture industries. Perceived negatives of plant-based diets will then be explored to holistically conceptualize whether veganism is a valid and feasible option for individual and societal change. Lastly, drawing from prior studies and acknowledging the barriers of transitioning to a plant-based lifestyle, the paper culminates in proposing first steps for creating a successful plant-based transition: the implementation of plant-based meals and education in schools.

Comparative characteristics of the effect of probiotics Vetom 2 and Liquafed in growing rainbow trout in ST “Romanov” (Leningrad region)

In the conditions of modern industrial fish farms of various types, the risk of bacterial diseases increases. Various probiotic and immunomodulatory preparations are actively used in modern aquaculture. Especially popular are probiotics based on Bacillus subtilus, which are used in the cultivation of carp, sturgeon and salmon fish. Recently, a large positive experience has been accumulated in the use of Vetom 1.1 in fish farming (manufactured by the Scientific and Production Company Research Center, Novosibirsk). At the same time, fish farms actively use Vetom 2, created on the basis of dried spore biomass of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis bacteria. For use in aquaculture, LikvaFid seems to be promising, containing as active ingredients live cultures of the bacteria Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis (manufactured by LLC BIOTROF, St. Petersburg). Experimental work on the use of probiotics of domestic production LikvaFid and Vetom 2 was carried out at the fish-breeding enterprise Sole Trader Romanov (Leningrad region, Lopukhinka village). A one-year-old rainbow trout was chosen as the object of research. Vetom 2 and LikVafid were administered orally with food by irrigation at a dosage of 5 g/kg and 2 g/kg, respectively, in two courses, the duration of each course was 10 days, the interval between them was 40 days. An analysis of the results of the experimental work showed a statistically significant increase in body weight and length in the experimental groups, as well as a significant increase in the growth rate. The absolute increase in the experiment is 1.4–1.7 times higher than in the control. At the same time, the maximum indicators for almost all significant morpho-biological indicators were found in fish treated with the LiquaFeed probiotic. The relative growth rate in this group is 1.2 times higher than in the control. Research work confirms the beneficial effect of these preparations on the processes of fish digestion. Strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium, due to their probiotic activity, stimulate the growth of normal intestinal microflora. Improving the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting the development of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, and stimulating the immune system contribute to a more active growth of rainbow trout.

Hormonal stimulation of male African catfish in order to in vivo sperm obtaining for artificial reproduction purposes

African catfish is a promising object of industrial fish farming with an urgent problem of in vivo sperm obtaining, which greatly limits the possibility of breeding this species. One of the widely used methods of obtaining sperm is hormonal stimulation of males followed by post-mortem extraction of the testes. Modern science also has surgical methods for intravital sperm collection from African catfish males with preliminary stimulation with hormonal drugs. However, the need for hormonal stimulation in Clarias gariepinus males is closely associated with the risk of developing postoperative complications, in particular in the form of hormonal shock, which can lead to the death. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of various hormonal spawning stimulants when used in the preparatory period of intravital surgical collection of sperm products from African sharptooth catfish, including the use of a new drug for fish farming, Fertagil (gonadorelin decapeptide), in comparison with the previously used Surfagon. It has been shown that the use of Fertagil at a dose of 100 μg/kg once intramuscularly 16 hours before surgery allows you to get good quality sperm with a high concentration (115.17±3.86×106 ml–1) and a significantly higher the period of motility after activation compared with the drug Surfagon, as well as with a moderate number (65.00±1.88%) of viable sperm. After using Fertagil, the risk of developing hormonal shock in the postoperative period is reduced compared to the currently widely used drug Surfagon.

The effect of essential oil of Zataria multiflora incorporated chitosan (free form and Pickering emulsion) on microbial, chemical and sensory characteristics in salmon (Salmo trutta)

The objective of current research was to prepare a new biodegradable coating containing chitosan (Ch) and zataria multiflora essential oil (ZMEO) (free and Pickering emulsion (PEO) forms), in order to enhance the Salmo trutta shelf life. Our results showed, the mean of films thickness, mechanical properties (elastic modulus (EM) and tensile strength (TS) analysis) and WVP in different treatments were ranged from 0.103 ± 0.003 (for Ch) to 0.109 ± 0.003 (for Ch-PEO (2.5 %)) µm for thickness, from 3.2 ± 1.6 (for Ch) to 8.15 ± 2.3 (for Ch-EO) MPa for EM, from 1.3 ± 0.5 (for Ch-EO) to 1.6 ± 0.06 (for Ch) Mpa for TS and from 0.1 ± 0.02 (for Ch) to 0.8 ± 0.05 (for Ch-EO) (×10 − 11(g m/m2 s Pa) for WVP. In current research, the lowest and highest total viable counts (TVC) was related to Ch-PEO (1.7 log CFU/g) and control treatments (4.65 log CFU/g). The lowest and highest of pH was related to the Ch-PEO (6.45) and the control (7.1), the lowest and highest of PV (peroxide value) was related to Ch-PEO (0.34 meq/kg) and control treatment (1.37 meq/kg), the lowest and highest of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was related to Ch-PEO (0.37 mg/kg) and control treatment (2.23 mg/kg) and also the lowest and highest of TVB-N (total volatile base nitrogen) was related to Ch-PEO (17.7 mg) and control (59 mg). Also, Ch-PEO showed the best sensory properties after sixteen days. Among all the treatments in all the tests, the best maintenance property was related to the Ch-PEO, therefore, chitosan coatings containing ZM Pickering emulsion should be considered as a potential active coating in the fish industry.

Using ozone nanobubbles to mitigate the risk of mycobacteriosis in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

Betta splendens, a valuable ornamental fish species, is particularly susceptible to mycobacteriosis which poses a challenge to the sustainability of its culture and trade. Since there are no effective treatments for the disease, betta fish farms must take rigorous preventive measures. This study investigated the efficacy of ozone nanobubbles (NB-O3) to disinfect water for mitigating the risk of mycobacteriosis in betta fish. Laboratory tests showed a significant disinfecting effect of NB-O3 against a highly pathogenic, multidrug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium chelonae by destroying bacterial cells. After incubation in NB-O3 water for 60 min, the concentration of M. chelonae in distilled water was reduced by 96.71 to 99.92%. In practice, treatment of reserved and cultured water from betta farms with direct NB-O3 for a single 10 min significantly reduced total bacterial counts and presumptive mycobacteria by over 90%. In experimental infection, sub-adult betta fish (2-month-old) cultured for 14 days in water spiked with M. chelonae (∼106 CFU/mL), which served as a positive control group, had a low percent survival of 38.33%. In contrast, fish reared in the same water as the positive control group but treated with NB-O3 three times for 10 min at 20 min intervals had a significantly higher percent survival of 93.93%. Moreover, the relative percent survival (RPS) of the treatment group showed a statistically significant difference, with an RPS of 89.19% compared to only 67.57% in the negative control group (neither exposure to M. chelonae nor treatment with NB-O3). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NB-O3 effectively reduces bacterial concentrations in water, mitigates the risk of mycobacteriosis, and enhances the survivability of betta fish exposed to multidrug-resistant M. chelonae. This non-chemical and non-antibiotic approach offers a promising solution for disease control in the betta fish industry.

Physiological and immunological impact of methanolic lavender extract on female goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The integration of herbal medicine into the ornamental fish industry carries the potential to exert an impact on the overall health and welfare of the fish. In the present study, different levels of lavender extract (L), including control (L0) 1.5 (L1.5), 3 (L3), and 4.5 (L4.5) mg kg−1 feed were examined in goldfish (Carrasius auratus) broodstock during 56-day feeding period following air exposure stress test. Growth parameters, cortisol, biochemical, and immunological parameters in blood and mucus and. reproductive performance were examined. Notably, fish in the L3 group showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in growth performance, as evidenced by significant increases in weight gain, specific growth rate, and average daily growth. After stress, fish in the L3 group showed the lowest cortisol and glucose levels in plasma and skin mucus (p < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglyceride levels showed a significant increase in the L3 group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Fish in L3 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in plasma and Complementary 3 and Immunoglobulin M The reproductive results indicated that broodstock in the group obtained a high fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval survival (p < 0.05). This study indicated that 3 mg kg−1 lavender extract can promote fish performance, mitigate stress responses, improve immunity function and ameliorate reproductive performance; thus, lavender supplementation can be recommended as a practical method in the ornamental fish industry.

The Great Lakes Future Fishers Initiative: Supporting the Next Generation of Great Lakes Commercial Fishing and Seafood Processing Industries

Commercial fishers, fish processors, and regulatory agencies in the Great Lakes region have expressed interest in mentoring the next generation of the industry's workforce using structured, cross‐discipline training curricula. A framework for an apprenticeship program for the Great Lakes region was developed using a regional online survey and in‐person, semistructured focus group discussions with Anishinaabe fishers, multigenerational fishing families, and regulatory agency staff. Using these findings, we propose the Great Lakes Future Fisheries Initiative as a framework that meets the need for place‐based job opportunities that include cultural and regulatory contexts specific to the region. Next steps include using the framework in collaboration with commercial businesses to pilot an apprenticeship program to address workforce development.

Recent Recycling Innovations to Facilitate Sustainable Packaging Materials: A Review

Packaging materials play a significant role in the meat, fish, and seafood, pharmaceutical, beverages, and electronics industries. These materials protect the contents during handling and transportation from damage, contamination, and loss of quality, thus enhancing the shelf life of the products being packaged. Several materials, like paper and cardboard, plastics, metals, and glass, have been widely used. However, the vast consumption of these materials leads to high waste generation due to increasing demands globally. This article considers some aspects of recycling waste packaging materials, the need for recycling in terms of environmental impacts, and the energy-saving and economic benefits. It also provides some highlights on the sustainability of the processes of recycling and how the government and public can influence recycling operations. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on packaging systems and solid waste management is also highlighted. This study also provides a short note on the possible future methods to be adopted in the recycling process of waste packaging materials.

Enhancing the quality of Havarti cheese: Chitosan films with nettle Urtica dioica L. extract as slice separators to retard lipid oxidation

The aim of this study was to develop an active slice separator based on a chitosan film with nettle extract (Ch_NE) for vacuum-packed Havarti cheese and to evaluate the changes during storage for 45 days at 5 °C. The active properties of the developed slice separator film were evaluated by measuring antioxidant and optical properties of the cheese and the film, as well as lipid oxidation of the cheese. The addition of nettle extract to chitosan films caused a decrease in mechanical properties such as tensile strength from 58.02 to 1.81 MPa and Young's Modulus from 1535.92 to 4.43 MPa, making them easy to apply and handle as slicing separators. Furthermore, the thermal properties of the films indicated their stability at temperatures commonly encountered during food heat processing. After 45 days of refrigerated storage, the Ch_NE slice separator demonstrated a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in cheese samples, indicating a 56% decrease in lipid oxidation compared to the control group. In conclusion, an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic and non-biodegradable slice separators have been successfully developed using chitosan, a by-product of the fish industry, enriched with an extract from nettle, a widely distributed wild plant.

Classification of coastal shrimp species using deep learning InceptionResNetV2 with data augmentation

Coastal areas that are rich in shrimp natural resources usually have a strong fishing industry. Shrimp consumption can contribute to the local economy. Several types of shrimp have higher utilization potential in the fishing industry and human consumption. Classification helps sort out shrimp species in coastal waters. Deep learning technology helps identify and separate shrimp species through deep learning with the Convolutional neural network. The seven classes observed were Vaname Shrimp, Tiger Shrimp, Jerbung Shrimp, Giant Prawns, Red Shrimp, Ronggeng Shrimp, and Prawns. The data used is 50 per class, so 350 images are used. Due to dataset limitations, the proposed contribution is an initial Resnet architecture with augmentation. Resnet helps perform in-depth training to save training computation time, and improvements add variety to limited amounts of data. The result is that the average accuracy of the model is 99.4%, with an average training computation time of 7 and a half minutes. The MSE misclassification value was 0.0143, RMSE was 0.1195, and MAE was 0.0086. Testing tests and testing data on the model only takes 1-2 seconds. Prediction accuracy ranges from 90.01%-99.8%.

Optimization of single-step gelatin extraction from pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) skin and bone obtained from surimi industry using a green solvent.

Surimi industry produces a large quantity of byproducts that are currently being utilized to produce low-value commodities. This study aims to extract gelatin from pink perch skin and bone obtained from the surimi industry using a green single-step extraction method. In addition to using a green solvent, that is, acetic acid, the new method combines the multiple steps of pre-treatment and hydrolysis into one single-step extraction process. Response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction parameters (pH, temperature, and time) to maximize yield and l-hydroxyproline (l-hyp) content. The optimum condition for gelatin extraction was obtained at pH 3, 75°C, and 30min. At optimum conditions, gelatin yield and l-hyp content were observed to be 16.07% and 41.26mgg-1 , respectively. The gelatin obtained at optimized condition was further compared with commercial bovine gelatin (BG) in terms of chemical composition and textural, functional, and rheological properties. The results suggested that the optimized pink perch gelatin had higher protein content (92.06%), better gel strength (251.08g), higher imino acid (18.01%), and improved textural and functional properties than the commercially available BG. The optimized single-step gelatin extraction method from pink perch skin and bones is a promising, rapid, and efficient method for the production of good-quality gelatin, which can be further used for the development of high-value products such as food formulations. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Fish gelatin is widely used in food product development. Most of the existing methods of the development of high-value product such as gelatin, use multi-step process and harsh mineral acid, therefore, are time-consuming and harmful to the environment. This study provides a green single-step gelatin extraction method that provides an efficient, rapid, and convenient method of gelatin extraction and a sustainable solution for fish industry byproduct utilization. The data obtained with this laboratory-scale study provides a strong basis for scale-up studies.

Impact of frozen storage on quality and cold storage stability of smoked deep-skinned fillets from well-fed Atlantic mackerel

To ensure year-round availability and stability of Atlantic mackerel caught in Icelandic waters during summer after intensive feeding, freezing is essential. Due to the high lipid content and sensitive lipid composition of the fish caught at this time, the fish industry requires detailed research to understand the mechanisms underlying the degradation processes occurring during storage and processing, in order to develop high-value hot-smoked products. Therefore, the impact of frozen storage at − 25 ± 1.8 °C (for 6, 9, and 20 months) prior to hot-smoking, was investigated on the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory quality of deep-skinned, smoked fillets from well-fed Atlantic mackerel caught in late August. The stability of hot-smoked fillets stored at 1 ± 0.6 °C was then monitored for 28 days. Total aerobic viable counts (TVC) remained below acceptable thresholds due to the combined effects of brining, freezing, and hot-smoking, while Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in the hot-smoked products. Slow formation of oxidation products was observed during the chilled storage, especially in the fish frozen for 9 months. Minor lipid deterioration was also detected during sensory analysis, but all spoilage indices remained within acceptable thresholds for shelf-life. Frozen storage for up to 20 months thus effectively maintained the sensory acceptability and suitability of deep-skinned mackerel fillets, making them an excellent choice for the fish-smoking industry.

Biodiesel and fishmeal from Nile tilapia waste: process, techno‐economic, and Monte Carlo analyses

AbstractWaste from the fish processing industry can provide a profitable and sustainable business. Industrial fish by‐products can be used as raw material to produce biofuels. This work evaluates the production process, characterization, and economic analysis for the production of biodiesel and fishmeal from tilapia processing waste. It demonstrates the potential of neutralized tilapia oil as a valuable raw material for biodiesel production. It presents specific mass, viscosity, and flash point results in line with ASTM and EN standards. Different plant sizes are modeled to evaluate biodiesel economic viability. Only the largest plant size was economically viable. In this case, the net present value (NPV) of US$ 13.89 million, the internal rate of return (IRR) of 50%, and the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of US$ 7.87 million/year showed that the production of biodiesel and fishmeal using tilapia waste is economically attractive. Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyse the price distribution of biodiesel and fishmeal and their effects on the plant size. A large plant size gave 100% good scenarios, whereas a medium plant size showed 25% beneficial scenarios, and small plants did not have good scenarios. In this context, the plant size can overcome risks from price variability. The economic evaluation revealed that the production scale and the factory's location influenced the project's viability directly as raw material costs are associated with transportation expenses. The study therefore indicates that not all countries with well established tilapia production can produce biodiesel in a viable and sustainable way.

Strategi Pemasaran Team Betta Concept Dalam Penjualan Ikan Hias Melalui Platform Media Sosial Tiktok

This research discusses the marketing strategies adopted by Team Betta Concept in selling ornamental fish, especially betta fish, through the social media platform TikTok. With the development of technology and the popularity of social media, the utilization of platforms like TikTok as a marketing channel has become an attractive trend for businesses in the ornamental fish industry.The research utilizes a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and content analysis as data collection methods. Through in-depth interviews with members of Team Betta Concept involved in the management and marketing of ornamental fish through TikTok, as well as the analysis of content uploaded on their TikTok accounts, this research identifies and analyzes the marketing strategies implemented by Team Betta Concept.The results of the research show that Team Betta Concept successfully implemented effective marketing strategies in selling ornamental fish through the TikTok platform. These marketing strategies include visually appealing and entertaining content, audience segmentation based on interests and behaviors, and brand positioning highlighting the uniqueness of the betta fish products they offer. In conclusion, this research states that the implementation of Team Betta Concept's marketing strategies in selling ornamental fish through the TikTok social media platform has successfully increased the popularity and attractiveness of their brand. Through an integrated STP (Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning), Team Betta Concept achieved success in marketing ornamental fish and strengthened their position in the betta fish market. This research provides valuable insights for businesses in the ornamental fish industry and similar industries to understand the marketing potential of TikTok and to adopt more effective marketing strategies in this ever-evolving digital era.