Fishing Gear Research Articles

PENGARUH WAKTU PENANGKAPAN PADA SIANG DAN MALAM HARI MENGGUNAKAN ALAT TANGKAP MINI PURSE SEINE TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN YANG DI DARATKAN DI LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PRASI

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of catches obtained when caught during the day and caught at night, to determine the most effective composition of catches during the day and at night from the Mini Purse Seine Fishing Gear. This research was conducted in Pondok Prasi Environment, Ampenan District, Mataram City for 1 (month) starting from October 1 to November 1, 2013. The method used in this research is the Experimental Method, namely conducting experiments to see a result that leads to affirmation of the position cause and effect between the variables to be observed. Based on statistical analysis using the Ttest test at the 5% level (0.05) it can be seen that the total weight of the catch (kg) in treatment X1 (during the day) and treatment X2 (at night) showed a significant difference, where Thit (2, 93) > Ttab (2.048) this means fishing using a mini purse seine fishing gear which is operated during the day and at night gives different catches but has no effect on the type of fish caught

Utilizing interview-based data to measure interactions of artisanal fishing communities and cetacean populations in Kuching Bay, Sarawak, East Malaysia

Kuching Bay is a significant area for artisanal fishing activities as well as an Important Marine Mammal Area (IMMA) for coastal cetaceans. A total of 286 fishers from eight fishing communities were interviewed between 2011 and 2019 to determine the nature and extent of cetacean-fishery interactions in the area. The main types of fishing gears recorded were gillnets, trammel nets, trawl nets, longlines, handlines and crab traps, with the use of gears varying by season and target species. Depredation, net damage, and entanglements in fishing gear were the most frequently reported negative interactions with cetaceans. Thirty-six percent of fishers reported having experienced a cetacean entanglement in their fishing gear at least once. More than half (58.1%) of the respondents who experienced bycatch were able to disentangle and release the animals alive. The more conservative calculated bycatch rate of 0.36 cetaceans per fisher over a fishing career indicates that a minimum estimated average of 19 cetaceans are involved in bycatch annually in Kuching Bay, with as many as nine of these incidents likely resulting in mortality. However, a less conservative method yields a bycatch rate of 0.57 per fisher, and estimated an average of 30 bycaught cetaceans per year. Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) were reported to be at the highest risk (72.9% of reported incidents), with an estimated minimum of seven individuals caught and killed per year. Despite the negative interactions, 77.2% of respondents reported a generally positive attitude toward cetaceans based on their value for tourism and as indicators of fish presence and a healthy ecosystem. Mutualistic relationships between fishers and cetaceans were documented, with 53% of respondents reporting that they feed discarded fish to cetaceans. The results of this study can be used to guide effective mitigation measures, which should focus on training fishers in safe handling and release of entangled cetaceans, and, more importantly, methods to prevent interactions with gillnets.

Теория нагружения синтетических рыболовных материалов

An important task of mechanics of synthetic fishing twisted rope and string products and braided cords is to create a fundamental basis for describing their fracture processes during deformation in operation, i.e. to develop a framework for fracture mechanics (building models and algorithms for calculating structures and technological processes at large plastic deformations, taking into account fracture). There is considered the necessity of developing and introducing the simple and at the same time effective criteria of destruction, allowing to estimate reliably the conditions of safe operation of twisted rope and string products, threaded products and braided cords and especially the structures of industrial fishing gear. Determination of stress concentrations, is an obvious task in connection with the creation of new fishing trawls, purse seines and grips with complex shape-changing geometry. This problem is actual for many branches of industry, including transport and machine-building, where at the designing stage it is necessary to take into account possible emergency situations caused by intensive dynamic effects in twisted rope and string, threaded products and braided cords. Components and structures of twisted rope and string products, threaded products and braided cords should withstand the specified loads in a wide range of loading rates. In particular, the theory allows to solve nonlinear problems, taking into account changes in geometry of deformable twisted rope and string products, threaded products and braided cords, as well as to obtain analytical solutions of various problems.

Material flow analysis of commercial fishing gears in Taiwan

Marine debris is an international environmental issue, and the growing amount of abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is a particular concern. Despite Taiwan's substantial fishing industry, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of fishing gear. This work conducted a static material flow analysis to estimate the flows and the stocks of fishing gear in Taiwan in 2020, based on government statistics and interviews with fishing gears producing companies, fishermen, and recycling companies. Our findings reveal that the inflow, outflow, and stock of the fishing gears are 8,846 t/a, 4,271 t/a, and 4,575 t/a, respectively. Only 36 % of end-of-life fishing gear is recycled, while the rest is incinerated or landfilled. Additionally, the stock comprises 27 % in use, 23 % in ports, and 50 % entering the ocean. These results underscore the need to increase recycling capacity, prevent loss in oceans, and promote repairs to extend the lifespan of fishing gear.

Impacts of Land Cover Changes on Catches of Nile Perch and Nile Tilapia on Lake Kyoga, Uganda

In East Africa, Nile perch and Nile tilapia are major commercial fish species, providing reliable protein and income sources. However, their stocks are dwindling on Lake Kyoga due to land use and land cover (LULC) changes within the surrounding catchment. Thus, this paper aims at assessing the land use land cover on Lake Kyoga and its immediate catchment and how those changes affect the water quality and the local fish catches. The Iso-Cluster tool in ArcGIS was used to analyze Landsat images from the years 1989 to 2021 to obtain LULC information. The LULC classes were classified into water, wetland, agricultural land, rangeland, and settlements. Correction using a 2-tailed test of the water quality parameters with the LULC classes indicated a strong positive correlation of TN with water (0.71), a strong negative correlation of TP with rangelands (−0.83), and a strong positive correlation of Chl-a with settlement (0.98) at a 0.05 confidence level. The correlation of the recorded fish catch data with fishing gear showed a strong negative correlation with cast and monofilament nets. Continued use of illegal fishing gear was ranked number 1 of the causes of LULC by the stakeholders. Thus, the fisheries managers should collaborate with local stakeholders to boost declining fish catches for improved livelihoods and sustainable management.

Mitigating effects on target and by-catch species fished by drifting longlines using circle hooks in the South Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean)

IntroductionLongline fishing gear has a higher by-catch rate than any other type of commercial fishing gear. Nowadays, there is an urgent need to find efficient management strategies to mitigate by-catch and the use of new hook types could be one of them. This study investigates the effects of a longline fishery (which targets swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in the South Adriatic Sea) replacing the traditional J-type hook with a circle hook (C-type hook) on target and by-catch species.MethodsFor this purpose, a fishing trip of nine days – with seven fishing sets – was monitored. For both targeted swordfish and by-catch specimens caught (i.e., blue shark, Prionace glauca; pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea; and loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta), data about the hook type used (J-type vs. C-type), the specimen size, and their capture condition were collected.Results and discussionWith all species, we observed no significant difference in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) or specimen lengths between the two hook types. In addition, the hook type did not significantly affect the capture condition of swordfish, pelagic stingray, or loggerhead turtle specimens; however, it significantly affected the capture condition of blue sharks. The percentage of blue shark specimens found in healthy condition was higher when using a C-type hook (71.5%) than when using a J-type hook (22.6%). Overall, these preliminary results suggest that the use of a C-type hook improves the condition of by-caught blue sharks without affecting the CPUE or size of the target species. In conclusion, the use of a C-type hook could reduce the detrimental effects of by-catch on some species in the Adriatic Sea; however, this finding needs to be confirmed by a study with a larger sample size.

Formulation of Fuel Oil Consumption Estimation on The Fishing Vessels Through The Gill Net and Bubu Fishing Gears for Evaluating Fuel Subsidies in Bintan Regency - Indonesia

The largest percentage of expenditure in fishing operations using motor boats is Fuel Oil (BBM) which amounts to 40-50% of total operating costs. Inorder to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the distribution of subsidized fuel for fisheries businesses, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries issued Ministerial Regulation KP No.13 of 2015 concerning guidelines for the implementation of the issuance of recommendation letters for the purchase of certain types of fuel oil for capture fisheries businesses. In this study, an evaluation of the formulation was carried out to determine the estimated consumption of fuel subsidies on fishing vessels measuring 10-30 GT with Gill Net and Bubu fishing gear in Bintan Regency. In the calculation process, the estimated fuel consumption for fishing vessels must consider several aspects, namely the type of fishing gear, the distance to the fishing location, the power on the main and auxiliary engines, as well as the fuel coefficient and specific gravity used. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate fuel consumption by calculating the operating mode on each type of fishing gear. This is intended as an effort to provide a more precise estimate of fuel consumption.The method used in determining fuel estimates is with two different scenarios. In scenario I, the calculation of fuel consumption uses the formulation of Permen-KP No. 13 of 2015, with the formula used in the main engine is the power of the main engine, namely the Cfo and the duration of the capture operation per trip, while for the estimated measurement of the consumption of auxiliary machines, it is calculated 20% of the estimated fuel of the main engine. On the other hand, based on scenario II, the formulation of fuel consumption estimates still uses the formulation of Permen-KP No. 13 of 2015, but the evaluation is carried out by adding calculations of the catch operation time according to the type of Gill Net or Bubu fishing gear, the distance to the capture location, and the power of the auxiliary machine used. The results of this study found that there were differences in fuel consumption in the two types of fishing gear in each scenario. In scenario II, a ship using Gill Net fishing gear requires a greater fuel consumption of 44% thana ship with Bubu fishing gear. In addition, scenario II recommends adding 43% fuel for Gill Net ships and adding 39% fuel for Bubu ships. With this scenario II modeling, theproduction contribution obtained during the application of scenario II increased by 15% on the Gill net fishing gear and 17% on the Bubu fishing gear.

Analysis of added value creation of fisherman bottom longline in Bahari Village Sampolawa District South Buton Regency

This study aims to determine the operating techniques of bottom longline fishing gear and determine the added value created by bottom longline fishing gear. This research was carried out in Bahari Village, Sampolawa District, South Buton Regency in July 2022. The method used in this study was the census method. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, documentation and literature studies. Data analysis uses the added value formula, namely NT=G+Pt+Pj+π. The results of the study concluded that the bottom longline fishing technique in Bahari Village was to go to the fishing location, place bait on each hook, release the bottom longline at a depth of 10-20 meters with fishing gear lengths varying from 900-1100 meters with a total of ±200 hooks for each fisherman and 3 units of buoys and left in the sea for 2-3 hours, as well as hauling (lifting fishing gear). This fishing gear is operated at low tide. The added value created by bottom longline fishing gear, the lowest value is Rp913.000,-/trip and the highest is Rp1.351.000,-/trip and the average is Rp1.179.850,-/trip, the added value obtained from the sum of Salaries, Depreciation, Taxes and Profits

Government Efforts In Realizing Legal, Reported And Regulated Capture Fisheries In Indonesia

The condition of Indonesia's vast waters with large marine resources has important meaning for Indonesia because it contains fishery resources which have great potential as a source of new economic growth as well as being one of the prime movers of national development. The abundance of fishery resources in Indonesian seas has attracted the attention of foreign parties to enjoy them illegally through illegal fishing activities. In this descriptive qualitative research, the researcher serves as the human instrument. a qualitative descriptive method that involves looking at various published sources and drawing conclusions from them. the results and conclusions of this study is the lack of supervision and enforcement in Indonesia demonstrates that the management of the country's fish resources is not yet at its best. Fishing without a permit, using destructive fishing gear, and fishing from foreign vessels are just a few examples of the IUU fishing problem in Indonesia. Legal, reported, and regulated fishing—fishing that is legal, reported, and regulated—is a requirement for effective fisheries management that is sustainable and responsible. Increasing supervision and law enforcement, establishing international cooperation, establishing a monitoring center for fishing vessels, developing a sophisticated communication system (VMS), and imposing severe penalties on those who engage in IUU fishing are government efforts that can be made to combat the problem in Indonesia.

An assessment of marine turtle population status and conservation in Cambodia

AbstractCambodian waters historically supported significant nesting populations of marine turtles up to the early 20th century. However, although fishing and coastal development have intensified, marine turtle conservation has received little recent attention. We collate the available information on Cambodian marine turtles by summarizing NGO and government data from provincial consultations, fisheries surveys and nesting beach surveys, and synthesize our findings into recommendations for the conservation of marine turtles in Cambodia. The available data indicate that a small and highly threatened marine turtle population persists, despite significant declines driven by intense historical harvesting, widespread bycatch, loss of nesting habitat, marine wildlife trade and ongoing poor compliance with wildlife protection regulations. To improve the conservation status of Cambodian turtles, we recommend (1) revising relevant legislation to better protect marine turtle habitats whilst increasing compliance with gear restrictions and threatened species laws in priority sites, (2) trialling alternative fishing gear or gear modifications to reduce bycatch, (3) continuing capacity building for locally driven marine turtle conservation science, (4) identifying and mapping beaches with high nesting potential and protecting them from further coastal development, and (5) investing in transboundary collaborations to improve the monitoring and management of the turtle populations that range between Cambodia and neighbouring countries.

Применение системы автоматизированного проектирования при разработке тралов

The system of computer-aided design of industrial fishing gear (CAD-FG), developed by the small innovative enterprise Digital Technologies Laboratory LLC with the support of FASIE, is an import-substituting product for manufacturers and designers of bottom and mid-water trawls. At the present stage of trawl operation, the use of CAD-FG on fishing vessels will ensure the correct setting of the trawl system (trawl doors, hydrodynamic shield, loading chain, etc.) for efficient operation of the trawl. The CAD-FG system allows you to save drawings of trawls in electronic format, which creates a database necessary for analyzing designs and transferring drawings to the relevant departments and divisions. An integral part of the competencies of highly qualified personnel is their ability to work with the CAD-FG software, with which it is possible to develop drawings of bottom and mid-water trawls, as well as to model their operation processes in 3D.

Ghost fishing gear and their effect on ecosystem services – Identification and knowledge gaps

Abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is claimed to be a global problem with impacts on marine animals and ecosystems, posing considerable ecological and socioeconomic challenges. Nonetheless, insufficient understanding regarding how marine ecosystem services are affected by ALDFG creates a knowledge gap that challenges a holistic estimation of the long-term economic impacts of using non-degradable fishing gear. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature on ALDFG and ghost fishing is conducted, with the aim to assess findings in the literature and identify knowledge gaps. 90 published works were included in the systematic review, of which 67 were examined further in the meta-analysis. We identified a limited number of economic studies, as well as research from developing countries. Focus is largely on ghost fished commercial species, while other species, and non-use values are largely ignored. Though provisioning, supporting and cultural services are represented in the studies, regulating services impacted for instance by the marine plastic pollution of ALDFG, received no attention. Expanding research to include more of these currently lacking elements may be vital for efficient management in relation to ALDFG.

Length–weight Relationships of 19 Marine Fish Species from the Southern Coast of Black Sea Associated with Small-Scale Fisheries

This study presents the length-weight relationship (LWRs) estimates for 19 marine fish species belonging to 12 families from the southern coast of the Black Sea. The species were sampled using small-scale fishing gears such as gillnets and trammel nets at depths of 0-120 m from 2010 to 2021. The LWRs were calculated by the linear regression of natural log-transformed data concerning W = a × TLb. Growth type was evaluated according to Pauly’s t-test. The slope (b-value) ranged between 2.5643 and 3.5745, corresponding to the commonly expected range (2.50–3.50) except for Spicara flexuosum. The coefficient of determination values (r2) were above 0.90 except for Chromis chromis, Gobius niger, Neogobius melanostomus, Sardina pilchardus and Uranoscopus scaber. This study targeted specimens from small-scale fisheries-related gears; therefore, the results are primarily of interest to local fisheries management. The new LWRs cover substantially larger TLmax values than any previous study, and thus we can assume that all size classes of the species are adequately represented, and the new LWRs are more significant and species-specific than any previous estimate. This paper offers new insights into LWRs for the Umbrina cirrosa from the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Patorani local knowledge system in fisheries resources conservation education in Galesong District South Sulawesi

The development of fishery resources is realized through one of the pillars of development, namely pro-environment (restoration and preservation of the environment) in the order of conservation and rehabilitation of marine resources. This study aimed to investigate and describe patorani culture, which is the local fishermen's knowledge of conserving fishery resources. This research used the qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach by using several sets of data, including the preliminary studies. The data were collected through literature review, observation, and preliminary survey, and then they were analyzed based on understanding and public opinion through a qualitative approach. The informant is a patorani fisherman who act as the papalele, punggawa, and sawi. Primary data sources and data collection techniques are obtained mostly from participation observation, and in-depth interviews with patorani fishermen families. The data obtained were analyzed componential through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of this study showed that Galesong society still practices patorani culture in the utilization of coastal resources and maritime transport, including: 1) knowledge related to ceremonial preparation of fishing activities, 2) the use of technology fishing gear, 3) knowledge about the existence of spear fish, 4) knowledge in fishing activities, and 5) knowledge of the fishing voyage patorani. The fisherman's knowledge of patorani culture was derived from hereditary experience. Patorani’s knowledge comes from empirical reality as a result of interaction with the environment, both with the human environment itself and the natural environment of the sea. Finally, the local knowledge system of patorani can systematically support education on the conservation of aquatic biological resources, especially fishery resources.

Delphinids of southern Africa: A review of their distribution, status and life history

Eighteen species of delphinids have been recorded from Africa, south of l 7°S. This review includes analyses of the distribution and status, life history and feeding habits for each species, primarily using published data from strandings, incidentally caught animals and sightings. Although there is little known for most of the species distributed over the continental shelf, it appears that there is presently little human-induced threat to these. However, more research emphasis should in future be placed on possible detrimental interactions due to overfishing of delphinid prey stocks. Increased commercial fishing pressure will inevitably also increase interactions between the fishery and the affected delphinids. Only three inshore species are presently considered to be vulnerable: Heaviside's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus heavisidil), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in KwaZulu-Natal and Namibia, and Inda-Pacific hump-backed dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in KwaZulu-Natal. Heaviside's dolphins are endemic and, although presently probably able to sustain mortalities following interactions with commercial fishing gear, may become negatively impacted should fishing activities increase. The bottlenose dolphin population in Namibia appears localised in its distribution and may therefore also be vulnerable to any future coastal development or commercial fishery expansions, while in KwaZulu-Natal they are subjected to ongoing incidental catches in shark nets, heavy pollution levels, habitat destruction and increased competition with fishermen for limited food resources. In KwaZulu-Natal, Inda-Pacific hump-backed dolphins are subjected to the same pressures as experienced by bottlenose dolphins, albeit more severely, while in Mozambique it is occasionally caught incidentally in gillnets or in a targeted fishery. Although generally considered an offshore species, southern right whale dolphins (Lissodelphis peronii) also appears to be extremely localised in distribution within southern Africa, and any future planned expansion of commercial driftnet fisheries off Namibia should be carefully monitored for incidental catches which may impact this population.

Food Habits of Five Fish Species from A Blackwater Creek in The Colombian Amazon

To provide baseline life history information for some of the many small fishes found in blackwater forest streams in the Colombian Amazon near the town of Leticia, we describe trophic aspects of five species of fishes. Collections were made in April (high water), July (falling water) and November (rising water) of 1999. Diverse fishing gear was used, and sampling occurred in the afternoon and night, and usually lasted an average of five hours. We studied stomach contents of four characids: Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope 1870), Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann 1908, Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier 1816, Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner 1882) and one cichlid: Bujurquina cf. peregrinabunda (Eigenmann 1922). Most are feeding generalists but M. melogramma had a great preference for aquatic invertebrates, and B. cf. peregrinabunda ate both aquatic invertebrates and fishes.

Инженерный расчет разноглубинного рыболовного трала

This paper presents a method for calculating the power and geometric properties of a midwater fishing trawl, which is a complicated engineering structure made up of tied flexible (threads, ropes, flap) and rigid (rigging, trawl boards) elements. A computational model, the functional relations for internal forces and geometric characteristics of the trawl, and a calculation procedure based on the finite element method are proposed. The computational algorithm is implemented on a graphics processing unit of a personal computer with the use of DirectCompute, Shader Model 5, and high-level shader language. The performance and resource intensity of the algorithm applied in the computer-aided design system for industrial fishing gear are assessed in terms of the number of trawl nodes and computing equipment. A comparative analysis of the calculated and experimentally obtained characteristics of the trawl physical model is presented. According to the results, the computational error in geometric characteristics and internal forces is less than 3 and 5%, respectively.

Seagrass macroinvertebrate bycatches support mosquito net trawl fishery in Madagascar

The use of mosquito nets, primarily for targeting small and/or juvenile fish, has rapidly increased in Western Indian Ocean shallow seagrass beds and coral reefs over the last 20 years. However, to date, invertebrate by-catch by locally-made fishing gear has not been reported. We studied the mosquito net trawl fishery in seagrass areas in the Bay of Toliara, Southwest Madagascar through the GPS tracking of fishers from August 2018 to February 2019. Catches were monitored through monthly landing surveys to characterize spatial temporal patterns in the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates in the seagrass beds. Fishing was carried out at low tide, mostly at night, by fishers pulling a hand-made trawl net of varying dimensions. Overall, 43 macroinvertebrate taxa were identified out of 217,080 individuals collected from 109 catch samples. Catches were generally composed of crustaceans (mainly Portunidae, Processidae, Penaeidae, and Alpheidae). The crab Thalamita mitsiensis largely dominated the abundance and biomass of the macroinvertebrate assemblage (from 6% to 100% and from 5 to 100% of the overall density and biomass, respectively). Macroinvertebrates composed 1.5% to 100% of the total catch per trip (i.e., 4–55 kg trip−1). They were sold for human consumption or animal feed, which provided additional income to fishers (USD 1–24 trip−1 and 1–72% of catch income per trip). This study revealed that macroinvertebrate resources provide valuable by-catch to small-scale fishers in Southwest Madagascar. This bycatch generates income that further encourages the use of mosquito net trawls and exacerbates their negative effects on coastal seagrass ecosystems and fisheries.

Analysis of Environmentally Friendly Fishing Equipment in Pasar Bantal Village Teramang Jaya District Mukomuko Regency

Environmentally friendly fishing gear is a fishing gear that does not have a negative impact on the environment, such as not damaging the bottom of the water. There are 4 fishing gears that are often used by the people of Pasar Pillow Village, Teramang Jaya District, namely longline fishing rods, shrimp trawls, millennium nets and nylon nets. Research on the analysis of environmentally friendly fishing gear was carried out in April – May 2022 in Pasar Pillow Village, Teramang Jaya District, Mukomuko Regency. This study aims to analyze environmentally friendly fishing gear (API) in Pasar Pillow Village, Teramang Jaya District, Mukomuko City. The method used is the survey method. Collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation methods. The results of the research data were analyzed by descriptive method. The categories of environmentally friendly fishing gear used by Pillow Market fishermen are longline fishing rods, nylon nets, and millennium nets. The fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly is the shrimp trawl.Keywords: Fishing gear, environmentally friendly, Pasar Bantal Village, Mukomuko

STUDI TINGKAT KERAMAHAN LINGKUNGAN ALAT TANGKAP PURSE SEINE DI PPI PONTAP KOTA PALOPO

Purse Seine is a fishing gear used to catch fish that have a schooling fish. The purpose of this study is 1) Knowing the composition of the type of fishermen's catch using purse seine fishing gear 2) Knowing the level of environmental friendliness of fishermen's purse seine fishing gear at PPI Pontap Palopo City based on the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). This research was conducted for 1 (one) month, namely in June-July 2022. The methods used in this study are primary and secondary methods. Based on the results of the study; 1) The composition of the type of catch on the purse seine fishing gear at PPI Pontap caught 8 types of fish including male bloating (Rastrelliger kanagurta) with a total weight of 20 trips from 22 ships was 15,111.2 kg, Tembang (Sardinella gibbosa) 10,705.82 kg, Kite deles (Decapterus macrosoma) 9,213.43 kg, Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) 822.9 kg, Selar como (Atule mate) 2,008 kg, Yellow selar (Salaroides leptolepis) 4,230.9 kg, Petek (Secutor indicius) 1,823.9 kg and Gutters (Scomberoides tala) 306.5 kg. So the total overall weight for 20 fishing trips reached 44,223 kg. 2) The level of environmental friendliness of purse seine fishing gear at TPI Pontap is included in the category of very environmentally friendly with a total weight value of 29.