Fishing Gear Research Articles

The contribution of Area-Based Fisheries Management Measures to Fisheries Sustainability and Marine Conservation: a global scoping review protocol

Objective: This scoping review (ScR) aims to identify and map the evidence base on the contribution of area-based fisheries management measures (ABFMs) to fisheries sustainability and marine conservation. Emphasis will be given to the research that has been conducted in terms of the methodologies applied and the key findings acknowledged. Introduction: ABFMs have been used for centuries and are present in modern fisheries management plans and regulations. Although ABFMs are commonly related to the sustainable exploitation of the target species of the managed fishery, they may also be considered as wider conservation measures, in the cases where their outcomes include the protection or reduction of impact on biodiversity or ecosystem structures and functions. Inclusion criteria: Studies that perform an assessment of the contribution of ABFMs on either fisheries sustainability or on area-based marine conservation (or both) will be considered. All types of ABFMs in the marine realm globally, which are established as management measures by any type of designation authority or jurisdiction and for any type of fishing activity, gear, target species and/or habitats will be considered. Peer-reviewed and grey literature will be included. There will be no search limitations applied by year of publication. Studies in English, French, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Swedish will be reviewed. Methods: The ScR will be conducted in accordance with the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for ScRs will guide the protocol. The bibliographic databases to be searched include Scopus and Web of Science. Sources of grey literature will include databases, pre-print archives, organisational websites and web-based search engines. The design of the search strategy will be guided by a librarian/ information specialist. The Zotero software, Sysrev platform and EviAtlas tool will be used for data management, extraction and presentation. Data will be extracted by two reviewers. Tables, graphs and maps along with a narrative summary of the outcomes will be presented.

Traditional fishing methods used by the fishermen in the Sundarban region, West Bengal

In 2020-2021, 14 Blocks out of 19 Blocks in the Indian Sundarban regions studied fishing methods. According to our study, current socio-economic circumstances in Indian Sundarban regions show that their lifestyle is unsuitable for low family income. This is due to large annual disasters such as cyclones, storms, floods, and the water's salinity. A network of rivers and canals connects the Sundarban. The majority of the population is reliant on fishing activity, and in particular, the livelihood of the local people is supported by capture fisheries, which are in turn reliant on fishing activity. During the study, fishers' homes received knowledge about various crafts and equipment through monthly visits. Fishers have used indigenous fishing techniques and gear in the Indian Sundarban areas to capture fish, increasingly contributing to the local economy and overall fish output. During the research period, five different kinds of crafts and twelve different kinds of gear were found. The study reveals different indigenous fishing gears used in the locality, such as nets, traps, lines and hooks. To catch various fish of various sizes, fishers employ a variety of fishing gears, each with a distinct form and size. Most fishermen in the area collect unripe fruits velvet apple (Diospyros sp.) from the forest and boil them in large pots with sufficient water. Nets and other traps are dried in the sun after being polished with an extract. The purpose of this article is to document fishery-related technical knowledge, particularly traditional fishing techniques and gears utilised in the Indian Sundarban area.

The Effect of Storage Diversity on the Breaking Strength and Elongation of Polyamide Monofilament in Gill Net Fishing Gear

The study aimed to determine the breaking strength and elongation of polyamide monofilament 0.44 mm in dry condition after treating with open and close storage. This study was an experimental study that refers to SNI ISO 1805: 2010 method. Data collection was done in the dry condition with two yarn samples from different treatments and one sample as a control. Each treatment was done 10 times of repetition. The test material was collected in one mesh. Then the locking distance was adjusted with the mesh size. The breaking strength and elongation score were tested using an autograph. The study found the breaking strength on polyamide nets stored closely was higher than open storage samples. On the other, the elongation value on monofilament polyamide nets stored closely was lower than open storage samples. There was an effect on different storage methods against polyamide breaking strength (sig 0.00), which was lower than α (0.05). Different storage methods also affected the elongation score of polyamides (sig 0.00) < α (0.05). In conclusion, there was an effect on different storage methods, open or close storage, against breaking and elongation strength of polyamide monofilament 0.4 mm.

Fish composition of gillnet cathces in Wadaslintang reservoir, Central Java

Wadaslintang reservoir is a reservoir with medium fertility rate. Fishing gear which usually used are gill nets. Gill net is a selective fishing gear. Different mesh sizes of gill nets will capture different type and size of fish. The purpose of this study is to determine the species composition of fish caught using gill nets. Research conducted at Wadaslintang Reservoir in April, June and September 2016. The samples consisted of 6 points that are Paras village, Depok Village, Gading village, Pesanggrahan Village, Village and Medono Village and Keramat Village. Fishing is done with the use of gill nets with mesh sizes 0.75; 1.5; 2; 2.5; and 3 inches. Species composition were analyzed using Odum equation. The results showed that fish caught using gill net consists of 15 species and 6 families. Cyprinidae is dominant family. The Highest composition was recorded from the mesh size 0.75 [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] well in April, June, and September. The lowest composition in April, June, and September was recorded from the mesh size size 3.5 ". The smalle mesh size will catch fish with small length requency.

Prospek Pengembangan Usaha Pada UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan Di Sei Ladi Kota Tanjungpinang

This study aimed to analyze the feasibility business of UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan. This research was in February-April 2021 in UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan Sei Ladi of Tanjungpinang city. The sampling method used is the purposive sampling method. The feasibility was analyzed using R/C ratio, B/C Ratio, BEP Volume, BEP Price, Payback Period, and NPV. Business development prospect in UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan will be identified using a SWOT analysis. The research result obtained profit for UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan, the R/C Ratio value is 2.45, B/C Ratio is 1,45, BEP Volume is 4.718.22 kg, BEP is Rp101.985, Payback Period is 1 year, 2 months 7 days, NPV is Rp5.713.143.210. UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan is profitable and feasible to be developed. Based on the identified SWOT analysis, UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan has 6 advantages in terms of capital, complete infrastructure, strategic location, carrying out fishing development, empowering marine products, and already having a business license. Weaknesses of UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan unstable crab supply and the absence of utilization of crab shell waste. Opportunities owned by UMK Pengupasan Daging Rajungan are a large market, the opportunity to expand their business, high market demand, and having regular customers. Meanwhile, the current threats are the lack of fishing gear, competitors, Pandemic Covid-19, and the used fishing gear that damages the crab habitats.

The impacts of development of Pela Village as a tourist village in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan

This study aims to describe the impacts of development of Pela Village as a tourist village in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. Pella village has very unique tourism potential to be developed. For the sustainability of tourism development in the tourist village of Pela, it is important to pay attention to the impacts of devel-opment of a tourism village. The data were collected by observation, interviews, and literature study. Inform-ants are taken from community leaders who understand the impacts of tourism development in the village using snowball sampling techniques. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the development of Pela Village as a tourism village able to provide positive impacts for people's lives, both in terms of economic (as lodging business, tour operators, open food stalls); social (effective interactions occur between members of the community): cultural (keeping traditional fishing gear, Kuntau art, and the development of Jepen Dance); environmental (cleaning the village environment), and political dimensions (prioritized local communities as labor). The positive impacts is able to increase the enthusiasm of the local community in supporting the development of tourist villages. It is hoped that stakeholders will play an active role in supporting the development of Pela Tourist Village in the form of guidance, counseling, management, and promotion.

A Comparison of Traditional and Locally Novel Fishing Gear for the Exploitation of the Invasive Atlantic Blue Crab in the Eastern Adriatic Sea

The Atlantic Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus has been recognized as invasive in the Mediterranean Sea, where it now provides a significant contribution to artisanal fisheries. In this study, we compared the efficiency, selectivity, and productivity of American wire crab traps and traditional fyke nets for the capture of Blue Crabs in a study conducted from June to December 2019 in the Parila Lagoon (River Neretva Estuary, Croatia). A total of 7707 specimens were caught in 15 wire traps, comprising 6959 males and 749 females. The total catch using 50 traditional fyke traps was 1451 crabs, of which 1211 were males and 240 were females. In general, wire crab traps showed a higher capture selectivity and economic performance compared to fyke nets. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) was 102.76 kg for the American wire crab trap and 5.96 kg for the traditional fyke net. The CPUE of gravid female Blue Crabs was lower for the wire traps than the fyke nets. Herein, the utility of crab traps as selective fishing gear for the capture of Blue Crabs, and management tools for control of the reproductive and recruitment phases of the crab, are discussed, with the perspective of future exploitation of the species as a commercially valuable shellfish product in the Mediterranean.

Decreasing body lengths in North Atlantic right whales

Summary Whales are now largely protected from direct harvest, leading to partial recoveries in many previously depleted species.1 However, most populations remain far below their historical abundances and incidental human impacts, especially vessel strikes and entanglement in fishing gear, are increasingly recognized as key threats.2 In addition, climate-driven changes to prey dynamics are impacting the seasonal foraging grounds of many baleen whales.2 In many cases these impacts result directly in mortality. But it is less clear how widespread and increasing sub-lethal impacts are affecting life history, individual fitness, and population viability. We evaluated changes in body lengths of North Atlantic right whales (NARW) using aerial photogrammetry measurements collected from crewed aircraft and remotely operated drones over a 20-year period (Figure 1). NARW have been monitored consistently since the 1980s and have been declining in abundance since 2011 due primarily to deaths associated with entanglements in active fishing gear and vessel strikes.3 High rates of sub-lethal injuries and individual-level information on age, size and observed entanglements make this an ideal population to evaluate the effects that these widespread stressors may have on individual fitness. We find that entanglements in fishing gear are associated with shorter whales, and that body lengths have been decreasing since 1981. Arrested growth may lead to reduced reproductive success4,5 and increased probability of lethal gear entanglements.6 These results show that sub-lethal stressors threaten the recoveries of vulnerable whale populations even in the absence of direct harvest.

The influence of trawl efficiency assumptions on survey-based population metrics

Abstract Catch data from bottom trawl surveys are used in various ways (e.g. stock assessments, fisheries management, and ecosystem studies) to represent trends in fish populations across space, time, season, or size. Relative abundance indices assume constant capture efficiency, and area-swept abundance requires an estimate of capture efficiency. Therefore, it is important to develop a predictive understanding of the interaction between fish and survey gear. We conducted experiments to test two primary factors that influence the efficiency of survey trawls at capturing demersal groundfish: (1) footrope escapement—estimated by attaching a collection bag beneath the primary trawl, and (2) herding of the sweeps/doors—estimated by varying sweep length. Random forest models were used to disentangle the herding effect from patterns caused by environmental variables. Contrary to common assumptions, footrope efficiency was incomplete (< 100%) and herding was non-trivial (> 0%), which introduces a bias in population metrics that rely on such assumptions. This bias varied by species and depended upon the relative strength of the counteracting effects of footrope escapement and herding. Our findings suggest that trawl efficiency should be estimated (not assumed) to derive area-swept abundance, and relative abundance indices should account for size-based efficiency and changing size compositions.

Aspek Finansial Usaha Perikanan Pancing (Long Line) Di TPI Hamadi Kota Jayapura (Studi Kasus: Nelayan Kelurahan Hamadi)

Hamadi Fish Landing Base (Pengkalan Pendaratan Ikan; TPI Hamadi) is the largest in Papua Province. Most fishermen in TPI Hamadi are long line fishermen. Long line is a fishing gear used to catch pelagic and demersal fish. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of analyzing the business from the financial aspect of the fishing business (long line) at the Hamadi Fish Auction Place (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan; TPI Hamadi) Jayapura City. Data collection methods in this study are the observation method, interview method, documentation method, data analysis related to the financial aspects of the business which include; NPV (Net Present Value), PP (Payback Period) and B/C Ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio). The technical aspects of catching include basic longline fishing gear, operating methods and catches. The results obtained are; The basic longline fishing gear consists of a main rope of 10,000 m long, 30 cm branch rope, swivel, 2,000 cork buoys, stone weights weighing 5-8 kg, and fishing hooks of 10,000 seeds. The operating method of basic longline fishing gear consists of setting, and hauling. The financials of the basic longline catching business at TPI Hamadi show that the fishing business is feasible. The feasibility of basic longline catching business can be seen with the NPV value of 7,154,663 (NPV> 0), IRR 24% (IRR > 19%), Payback Period is 2.28 (PP < 3 years) including the fast return category, and the B/C Ratio is 1,19 (B/C > 1), so it can be concluded that the basic longline fishery business is declared financially feasible. Key Words: Net Present Value; Internal Rate of Return; Payback Period; Benefit Cost Ratio; TPI Hamadi

Development and Verification of a Fishing Gear Monitoring System based on Marine IoT Technology

Development and Verification of a Fishing Gear Monitoring System based on Marine IoT Technology

Design Characteristic of Static Fishing Boat on Sunda Strait

Fishing vessels operating static fishing gear in the Sunda Strait and based at the Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) Labuan are dominated by gillnets and hook and line. Even though they use the same operating method, the boat designs used can be different. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the static fishing boat that operating in the Sunda Strait. Data collection was conducted in October-December 2008 around PPP Labuan using a laser distance meter. The ships that were sampled were 8 units of gillnet boat and 5 units of hook and line fishing boats. The results showed that the ratio of the main dimensions of the static fishing boat in the Sunda Strait was still by the reference value with the overall shape of the bow is rake bow. The hull shape of the gillnet fishing boat consists of a u-bottom and a round flat bottom, while the hook and line fishing boat is entirely u-bottom. The design of the static fishing vessel in the Sunda Strait is following the basic needs of the static gear fleet, which prioritizes high stability and a large work area compared to the speed of the ship.

Determination of gill-net selectivity for King Fish (Scomberomorus Commerson, Lacepede 1800) using Mesh size in Sungailiat, Bangka Belitung Province

Selectivity is a fishing gear characteristic capable of catching fish of a specific size and species from the existing population distribution. Mesh size is one of the important factors that influence gillnets’ selectivity, because different length-classes of fish are caught by them. This report focuses on the selectivity of two mesh sizes of gillnets (8.89 cm and 10.16 cm) on mackerel's catch and constructing a gillnet in Sungailiat waters. Experimental fishing methods and selectivity analysis were used for the fishing gear’s more selective preparation, if the largest fishing ratio's value at the fork length (L) is high and the standard deviation value (S) is closer to 1. It is concluded that to be more selective a largest S (L) value of 0.999267194 at fork length (L=54.95 cm), and with a larger value of S (L) 0.997096071 and with (L=66.55 cm) for mesh Sizes 8.89 cm and 10.16 cm, respectively.

Self-localization of buoyless fishing gear and other objects on the sea floor.

End lines used in commercial trap/pot fishing pose a significant entanglement risk to whales, sea turtles, and sharks. Removal of these ropes for buoyless fishing is being considered by the United States and Canadian governments, but a method to systematically locate the gear without an attached buoy is required. A method was developed for an acoustic modem to self-localize and broadcast its location to nearby ships to minimize gear conflict, optimize power consumption, and reduce lost gear. This method was implemented using a research modem that self-localized to within 5 m of its estimated location on the sea floor.

Plastic gear loss estimates from remote observation of industrial fishing activity

AbstractDerelict fishing gear is a highly visible source of marine plastic pollution, causing mortality and ecosystem degradation with uncertain long‐term consequences. The quantity of derelict gear entering the oceans remains unknown because of heterogeneity in fishing gear and effort, as well as inadequate monitoring. Prior studies have been limited in scope to specific fisheries and regions, and large‐scale estimates lack an empirical basis. It is critically important for decision makers to have credible information in order to design effective remediation efforts. We estimated the amount of industrial fishing effort and the associated plastic debris entering the ocean globally each year from lost fishing gear. Using remote observations of fishing vessel activity paired with technical fishing gear models, we generated a bounding estimate for gear operation and loss worldwide in 2018. We estimate that industrial trawl, purse‐seine and pelagic longline fisheries operated 2.1 Mt of plastic gear over 2018 to obtain 49.7 Mt of retained and discarded catch, representing 74% of industrial marine capture globally. The median estimate for plastic gear lost during the use of these gear types was 48.4 kt (95% confidence interval: 28.4–99.5 kt). This estimate excludes abandoned and discarded gear. Improved observation, especially of small‐scale fisheries, is needed to better understand the sources of derelict gear. These findings serve as a benchmark for future monitoring and management efforts to reduce derelict gear in the global ocean.

The costs of migration: Injuries in migratory waterbirds along the west coast of India.

The long distant, transcontinental migration of shorebirds entails many well identified costs in terms of time, energy, and direct mortality risk. Injuries from debris or from human structures and activities were observed as the major reasons for the direct mortality of shorebirds during migration worldwide. We recorded injured birds in major coastal wetlands of Kerala, for a period of 15 years from 2005 to 2019. The injured birds were observed in 9 different sites in various districts of Kerala. The highest instances of injuries were observed in Kadalundi-Vallikunnu Community Reserve, the major wintering and stop over site of migrant shorebirds in the west coast of India. During the study period, fifty-eight individuals of shorebirds belonging to four families were found to be injured. The highest proportion of injuries was recorded among the families Scolopacidae and Charadriidae comprising long distance migrant shorebird species and the lowest among Laridae and Ardeidae. We recommend that environmental authorities pay special attention to minimize anthropogenic debris along the flyways used by migratory birds thereby reducing the risk of injuries to some of these species. Proactive measures such as removal of discarded fishing gear or plastic debris from wintering areas as well as stopover areas could greatly reduce injuries in migratory birds arising from anthropogenic sources.

Impacts of Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) overfishing on the technical efficiency of fishers in the Tanzania portion of Lake Victoria

AbstractThe present study employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) techniques to assess the impacts of Nile perch overfishing on the technical efficiency of fishers, based on a survey of 268 fishers across ten landing sites in the Tanzanian portion of Lake Victoria. The DEA results indicated overall that Nile perch fishers exhibited an average technical efficiency of 30%, indicating a high level of inefficiency. There were no statistically significant differences in the technical efficiencies within the range of 0%–10% and 21%–30% for Nile perch fishers who were overfishing and those who were not overfishing, attributed to the fisher's mobility across the lake. Further, the mode of propulsion and being a member of a fishery organization were found to be statistically significant factors influencing the inefficiency of Nile perch fishers. In addition, results from the Probit estimates of the PSM indicated that being a member of a fishery organization, the quantity of Nile perch harvested per trip, the age of a fishing vessel (boat), the gillnet mesh size and the cost of fishing inputs had statistically significant effects influencing the probability of Nile perch overfishing. However, further results indicated Nile perch overfishing did not have a statistically significant impact on the technical efficiency of fishers. Thus, it is recommended that there is a need to monitor and formalize fisher's mobility as one of the alternatives for co‐management of the lake. Overfishing could be controlled without necessarily affecting the technical efficiency of Nile perch fishers through training and access to proper fishing gears.

Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Buruh Nelayan di Kecamatan Bantur Kabupaten Malang

This study aims to Know the Fishermen Welfare Level in Bantur District, Malang Regency. This research was conducted in Bantur District, Malang Regency. The population in this study were fishermen who were in Bantur District, Malang Regency, especially labor fishermen. The sample in this study was 30 families, especially labor fishermen. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed the level of welfare of fishermen measured using the Fisherman Exchange Rate (NTN) of labor fishermen in Bantur District, Malang Regency which was 154 where > 100, it can be said that all respondents were prosperous. Fishermen Exchange Rates are fluctuating, where the size is greatly influenced by the season, the lack of electricity supply, bad weather conditions and the scarcity of fuel supplied to fishing vessels. including fishing gear that has expired.

The Contribution of Fisheries to Livelihoods of Communities around Alwero Reservoir in Abobo District, Gambella, Ethiopia

This research was planned to study the contribution of fishing and fishery-related activities, and identify its threats. Primary data were collected from the Kano locality around the Alwero reservoir through a questionnaire survey, field observation, and Focus Group Discussions. Both purposive and simple random sampling procedures were adopted in this study. The result revealed that fisheries and fish-related activities are benefiting the society as a source of employment opportunities, income, provision of food that is rich in nutrients (protein), reliable household income (average annual household income contributed by fishing and fish-related activities being 611.8 USD and 69.3 USD, respectively). Besides, the result also indicated that fishing is being performed by less experienced people, who are using traditional fishing gear and preservation methods, and there is also a serious problem of overexploitation. The regression result indicated that fish price and preservation techniques have affected the average annual household income significantly. The study provided more information on the importance of fishing and its related activities to a household in the Kano locality at Abobo district. It identified overfishing as the major anthropogenic activity threatening the fish abundance and diversity in the reservoir.

ANALISIS FAKTOR PRODUKSI NELAYAN ALAT TANGKAP PAYANG DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

It is hoped that the use of payang fishing gear can help increase the catch of fishermen who will help improve the welfare of the fishing community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of production of payang fishing gear fishermen in Sungai Limau District, Padang Pariaman Regency. The research was conducted in Padang Pariaman District, namely in Sungai Limau District, the respondents in this study were full fishermen who had payang fishing gear as many as 21 fishermen and ABK sampling of 2 people each. When the study was conducted for 2 (two) months early November to the end of December 2019. This type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive method research. The results of the analysis show that overall the factors of production, namely the trip trip factor, the amount of fuel, the number of crew members, the length of the wings, the size of the ship's engine, the setting and the institutional and policy influence on production with an F count of 28,352 2.83 on the successful production of payang fishermen's catches. In Sungai Limau District, Padang Pariaman Regency. 90.5% of payang fishermen's catch production can be explained by these factors, while 9.5% is influenced by other tractors not included in the analysis. The factor of the amount of fuel with a t count of 4.523 1.761 and the number of ABK with a t count of 3.246 1.76131 are two main factors that have a significant positive effect on the production of Payang fishermen's catches in Sungai Limau District, Padang Pariaman Regency.