Fishermen Families Research Articles

Two Views (After Tsunami), and: A House's View, and: Fishes' View

Two Views (After Tsunami), and: A House's View, and: Fishes' View Yuko Taniguchi (bio) Yuko Taniguchi, poem, tsunami, embalmer, ocean, diptych Two Views (After Tsunami) I On the second day after the tsunami, a retired embalmer was askedto work. Bodies kept arriving at the gym. His first task was to wash a boy who had drowned in a school bus caught by the wave.He removed the backpack from the boy. "Don't worry. I'll put your bag right here." He smiled at the boy. He lifted the boy's armsand peeled the sweater up from the waist. "I will have to cut the neckline of your sweater, but don't worry. The cutwill be small." He made an incision with silver scissors. His hands carefully moved to wash the boy's face with a wet towel.He massaged the hardened muscle underneath the boy's chin, then slowly pushed up. "I'll have to repeat this. I'm sorry. You must beuncomfortable. Hang in there," he said. For twenty minutes, the embalmer rubbed the boy's chin. He could see the brown mud movinginside the boy's throat: "Hang in there," he said. When the boy's muscles were soft enough, the embalmer pressed the chin firmly to close the boy's mouth.Placing his wrinkled palm on the boy's forehead, he stepped back. "Thank you so much for working with me." He bowed deeply. [End Page 100] II On the second day after the tsunami, my dead bodywas found. When my mother saw me, she fell on her knees. She touched my pale skin and squeezed her eyes.She gazed inside my mud-filled throat. You suffered. You were cold. She cried out and began banging her head against the flooruntil the police held her back. Her cry echoed inside the building. To be honest, I don't remember how I died.I wasn't cold now. But I couldn't speak to my mother. That night, a man came to me, smiling. He said he wouldtake good care of me. His fingers pressed the corners of my eyes and the center of my forehead. His fingers circled untilthe gathered wrinkles disappeared. He rubbed cream on my neck and on my cheeks, to pull them up slowly from my chin. My jawhad hardened to iron wire. "Sorry, it must be uncomfortable. Hang in there," he said. He repeated this over and overuntil my mouth finally closed. "There, you were very strong. Thank you for working with me." The man smiled and bowed to me.He stayed for a few minutes looking at my face. The next day, my mother came again. She didn't scream.She sat next to me, placed her palm on my forehead. I could feel the warmth. If I could, I wouldopen my eyes and smile. [End Page 101] A House's View It feels strange to become a boat.I was the house for a fisherman's family for five generations. The men got up early while the outside was dark,fished all day and came home. They took hot baths in my tuband slept on my tatami floor. Sinking down into the ocean, I am filledwith the scent of their hands. [End Page 102] Fishes' View At first, we thought that the carcassof a whale was falling upon us so wescattered and waited for our feast. Instead, the shadow was a housewhich planted itselfon the ocean floor. When we looked up,more houses were sinking toward us. Is this the kingdom of God? Just in case,we gathered and swam in circles. [End Page 103] Yuko Taniguchi YUKO TANIGUCHI is a poet, novelist, and creative collaborator who explores the intersection of healing and creative process with writers, artists, and healthcare professionals. Taniguchi is the author of the poetry collection Foreign Wife Elegy, published in 2004, and a novel, The Ocean in the Closet, published by Coffee House Press in 2007. She teaches at the University of Minnesota Rochester. Copyright © 2022 University of North Carolina Wilmington

Aspirations of Fishermen's Families on the North Coast of Java for Children's Education

So far, fishermen are associated with the poor with low education. This is due to the livelihood of fishermen who depend on the sea, which is very dynamic and uncertain. However, during the last 20 years, there has been a change in the perspective and aspirations of fishermen’s families towards their children’s education. The factors of fishermen’s livelihood, which are increasingly difficult and increasing accessibility, are expected to change the perspective on education. This research aims to explore the factors that change the aspirations of fishermen’s families towards education, both formal and informal education in Purworejo Village - Demak. The qualitative research method with ten informants conducted in-depth interviews, three focused discussions, and field observations to understand the existing phenomena. Focused discussions were conducted online and offline due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the research area. Data collection was carried out in July-August 2020 and March 2021. The results showed that the fishermen had seen the importance of their children getting a higher education. The increasing aspirations of fishermen’s parents towards education cannot be separated from the Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan or PKH), which can at least increase the school participation level of fishermen’s children. Parents expect their children to have a wider choice of jobs than those who live by profession as a fisherman, namely employee of the last resort.

Faktor Penyebab Kurangnya Minat Anak Keluarga Nelayan Melanjutkan Pendidikan ke Perguruan Tinggi di Desa Puger Kulon Kecamatan Puger

This study aims to describe the causative and dominant factors causing the lack of interest in fisher family children to continue their education to higher education in Puger Kulon Village, Puger District. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The number of informants was 6 people, the selection of informants in this study used a purposive sampling technique, with the criteria of fishermen family children who did not continue their education to college as the main informants and the parents of the children concerned as supporting informants. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis in this study used data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Data validation techniques use source triangulation and techniques. The results showed that: the factors causing the lack of interest in the children of fishermen's families to continue their education to higher education in Puger Kulon Village, Puger District were the child's own desires, family economic factors, no encouragement from parents, location factors, and environmental factors. Meanwhile, the dominant factor causing the lack of interest in children

EMPOWERMENT OF COASTAL WOMEN COMMUNITY OF GAMPONG PUSONG LAMA THROUGH INNOVATION OF MARINE PROCESSED PRODUCTS

The Lhokseumawe City Government consists of 4 (four) sub-districts, namely Muara Dua District, Muara Satu District, Blang Mangat District and Banda Sakti District. The old Pusong Village is one of the villages located in Banda Sakti District. Gampong Pusong Lama is one of the villages located on the coast of the city of Lhokseumawe, and the average population of Gampong Pusong is whose income depends on the catch of fish. The catch of fishermen is affected by the wind. If the wind is strong then their catch is small and this has an impact on fishermen's income. Under these circumstances, fishermen can only surrender and use a small amount of their past income to meet their daily needs. Fish caught by fishermen have high nutritional and protein content. The fishermen's family members consume the caught fish every day by cooking it as a side dish. Whereas in addition to being cooked as a side dish, fish can also be processed into ready-to-eat food and can increase its economic value. They still have minimal knowledge about the technology of processing fishery products other than being cooked into side dishes. Fishermen's family members, namely fishermen's mothers, have the potential to improve the economic conditions of their families. Given these conditions, it is necessary to make an effort to improve the economy and skills with science and technology. For this reason, it is necessary to make an effort to empower fishing communities, especially women in an effort to increase the income of fishermen's families. The purpose of this Community Service Activity (PKM) is to empower the community by using science and technology to improve the skills and economic income of partners through processing marine products in the form of fish. the processing does not require modern equipment, (2) training and assistance in the manufacture of modern fishery products that are rich in nutrition. (3) product packaging. The result of this activity is the increased knowledge and skills of partners in processing fishery products. The method of carrying out activities is carried out by (1) introducing nutritious modern fishery products whose processing does not require modern equipment, (2) training and assistance in the manufacture of modern fishery products that are rich in nutrition. (3) product packaging. The result of this activity is the increased knowledge and skills of partners in processing fishery products. The method of carrying out activities is carried out by (1) introducing nutritious modern fishery products whose processing does not require modern equipment, (2) training and assistance in the manufacture of modern fishery products that are rich in nutrition. (3) product packaging. The result of this activity is the increased knowledge and skills of partners in processing fishery products.

HEAVY METALS BIOACCUMULATION AND RISK ESTIMATION IN EDIBLE FRESHWATER FISH FROM PEDROSO RESERVOIR (MAYABEQUE, CUBA)

This work is a validation of the second step of a heavy metal monitoring procedure in Cuba fluvial ecosystems. Concentrations of seven heavy metals were measured by ICP-MS in water samples collected from the Pedroso reservoir (Mayabeque province, Cuba) and its main tributaries, as well as in edible muscle of three locally consumed fish species: Oreochromis spp., Tinca tinca and Clarias gariepinus. The results show a high concentration of Pb in areas near a paint factory (85.5 μg/L), an asphalt factory and a high traffic area (345.8 μg/L). Metal content (in mg/kg ww) in fish fillet ranged as follows: Cr (0.01-0.58), Co (0.01-0.58), Cu (0.23-88.16), Zn (4.9-29.9), As (0.01-0.86), Cd (0.02-2.93) and Pb (0.01-1.23). According to Cuban regulations, concentrations of Cd in muscle are not safe in 37.5 to 44.0 % of the studied fishes, while Pb is high in 14.0 to 20.0 %. Non-carcinogenic risk (HI) is present when daily intake is above 81 g/day. Carcinogenic risk (ELCR) is calculated to be 5.8 × 10–4 according to the US-EPA methodology. Fishermen families are the most sensitive population sector. Local authorities were informed and different measures were taken to avoid polluted fish consumption and the reduction of pollutant sources.

Socio-economic conditions of small-scale traditional fishermen: a case study in Payum Village, Merauke District, Papua, Indonesia

Fishermen in Payum Village are still classified as small-scale traditional fishermen and live in the coastal area of ​​Merauke Regency. Their lives depend on the season of fish and shrimp, which causes uncertain income. This study aimed to identify the socio-economic conditions and welfare of local fishermen and non-local fishermen communities in Payum Village, Merauke Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive analysis method supported by an analysis of costs, income, and community welfare. The analysis of the social aspects of the education sector of fishermen's families included in family dependents above 70% follow compulsory education, i.e., elementary, junior, and senior high school as well. The health sector of the fishermen receives services from the community health centers (Puskesmas) with free health costs for first aid if they are getting sick. While the economic aspect, for the capital used in human capital and simple fishing gear in dragnets. The income of local fishermen from capture fisheries and shrimp per month is IDR 6,268,991/month and the income of non-local fishermen per year per month is IDR 5,340,403/month. The fishermen's welfare level results using the Fisherman's Exchange Rate (FER) analysis obtained FER values ​​>1, where the FER results for local fishermen were 1.13 and non-local fishermen were 1.48. The study reveals that the level of life of local fishermen and non-local fishermen of coastal Payum, Merauke Regency is at a pretty good level of welfare and can save money.

Parent’s Preferences in the Future Orientation of Girl’s Education (Ethnographic Studies Among Fisherman Families in Muncar Banyuwangi)

Future orientation is a design, plan, and view of an individual in the context of his education in the future which aims to direct himself to behave in accordance with the expected future. The future orientation of girls' education is shaped by parents through a preference. Preference is a choice or decision that must be prioritized, prioritized, and prioritized. Parents' preferences in the future orientation of girls' education, do not want their daughters to go to college. The cultural system of society influences the construction of a person's thinking so that it forms a preference within the scope of the family which is the smallest institution in society. Among fishermen's families, the level of education can be said to be lower because the struggle to meet the daily needs of a fisherman is at sea facing big waves, uncertain weather, and income which is determined by the number of fish caught makes a problem that is hampering the fulfillment of educational needs. child. This study aims to describe and explain the forms and factors that influence parental preferences in the future orientation of girls' education among fishing families in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. This research chooses a qualitative approach with an ethnographic research type that aims to understand the indigenous people's point of view regarding the relationship with life, namely studying society and learning from society. Data collection techniques used participant observation, interviews, and document studies. The results of the research data obtained that preferences are divided into several forms, while the influencing factors are the family economy, community culture, and the mindset of parents. These forms and factors are collaborated with the concept of patriarchal culture.

Gender Relationship Analysis in Coastal Resources Management in Fishermen's Households: Functional Structural Theory Perspective

The results showed that gender relations in the management of coastal resources in fishing households took place in the following activities: fishing; making fishing lines; netting; net embroidery; fish transportation; fish preservation; and sale of fish. Of the seven activities, the wife plays a role in almost all coastal resource management activities, except for fishing activities. In addition, the wife does all domestic roles while the husband only focuses on the public role and does not involve himself in the domestic role. In view of the structural-functional theory, the results of this study illustrate that gender relations in coastal resource management in fishing households indicate a power relationship and status differences between men and women. The involvement of the wife (woman) in almost all activities is a form of integration (integration) carried out by the wife (woman) to maintain the continuity of the household and maintain the balance of the family integrity system, although this role is not balanced but complementary. The results of this study also show that gender relations in the management of coastal resources in fishermen's households have ideologically “perpetuated” male domination and gender stratification in fishermen's family institutions and society in general.

Peran Istri Nelayan dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Keluarga di Desa Batu Nampar Selatan Kecamatan Jerowaru

The sea is a source of livelihood for fishermen's families, and with the richness of the sea that exists in Indonesia, it should make the fishermen's family life better than just fit for life, but in fact the living conditions of fishermen's families who inhabit this coast contribute more to the poverty rate. in Indonesia, whereas the available and abundant marine natural resources can open up opportunities and opportunities in managing resources wisely by paying attention to their sustainability. This form of poverty and ignorance is clearly seen in the lack of facilities and infrastructure for fishery production and the low quality of human resources ( coastal women ) caused by low levels of education so that the ability and skills in managing production activities, mastery of technology and management are also low. The purpose of this study is to determine the economic life of fishermen communities and the role of fishermen's wives in improving the family economy. This type of research is a descriptive type of research with a qualitative approach . This research is located in Batu Nampar Selatan Village, Jerowaru District. Where the population of this study were all fishermen's wives in Batu Nampar Selatan Village as many as 726 and the samples taken were 30 people. The sampling technique was using purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique was carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation, while the data analysis used qualitative analysis which was inductive in nature. Based on the findings in the field, it can be reported that the life of the fishermen in Batu Nampar Selatan is classified as poor and underdeveloped, because it can be seen from the people who have a low standard of living, lack of education, and are classified as underdeveloped, uncertain income causes fishermen to always be in poverty and deprivation . Furthermore, the role of fishermen's wives in Batu Nampar Selatan Village has a dual role. The factor that encourages fishermen's wives to participate in earning a living is because their husband's income is not sufficient for their family's daily needs, but even though they can generate income for the family, it does not necessarily change their living conditions because the wife's income can only fulfill their daily needs .

Peran Istri dan Anak sebagai Tenaga Pencari Nafkah Sekunder bagi Keluarga Nelayan Pulau Salemo

This study aims to describe the economic life of fishermen who are very vulnerable to poverty so that they are required to continue to innovate in terms of finding additional funds to support their families, in the case of fishermen families on Salemo Island, fishermen families involve the role of wives and children as secondary breadwinners. This study uses qualitative research methods, using data collection techniques namely observation, interviews and literature study. The results showed that the role of wives and children in the fishermen's family economy is quite significant because they are able to help the main breadwinner (father) to support their family in the midst of a shortage of catch from the sea. Key words: fisherman, poverty, wife, children

Kesetaraan Gender dan Strategi Nafkah untuk Penyusunan Program Penyuluhan pada Masyarakat Pesisir di Kabupaten Tanggamus, Provinsi Lampung

This study aims to determine multiple livelihood strategies and collaboration for livelihood strategies and preparation of extension programs in the perspective of gender equality in fishing communities. The research method uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data were analyzed descriptively and statistically The research location is in Limau District Tanggamus Regency and the number of respondents was 80 fishermen. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of this study indicate that the community applies a dual livelihood strategy and a collaborative livelihood strategy in Limau District consisting of On Farm strategy, On-Farm and Off-Farm, and On-Farm and Non-Farm. Cumulatively, the gender relations of fishermen's families in Limau District covering domestic, public and community activities have shown an equal division of labor between wives and husbands, namely 76.30 percent. Extension programs should aim at gender equality so as to increase their participation, access and control, as well as the benefits that women enjoy in developing coastal areas. Thus, the results of marine and fisheries development can touch all levels of society and bring society to prosperity and a better life.

Adaptive coping strategies towards seasonal change impacts: Indonesian small-scale fisherman household

Small-scale fishers are always expected to adapt to fishing activities that cannot be conducted all year round due to weather and fishing season. This condition, especially when it is not the fish season, makes fishers face a problem. Notwithstanding, fishermen households need to develop an adequate adaptation strategy to solve the problem of fulfilling their needs, known as coping strategies. This study aims to analyze fishermen households' coping strategies in facing the fishing season and non-fish season by using fishermen's family resources and two types of internal and external family coping strategies. The data were gathered from approximately 150 small-scale fishing households using simple random sampling. The results indicate the fishers do fishing activities in three batch: peak season (68%), mild season (20%), and off-season (12%). The use of resources for fishermen households' coping strategy is carried out by diversifying the sources of household income. Some economic activities include cultivating forest land belonging to the forest department, marine tour guides, livestock, and his wife. This study also confirm that all households use internal family coping strategies with humor indicator as the highest percentage. Accordingly, the households also adopt the external family coping strategy to deal with the existing situation. This strategy follows the local community's characteristics and culture who are friendly and open and based on religion. The household coping strategy strengthening model is generated through the synergy of formal institutional roles in society and government institutions as policymakers.

Training on Economic Empowerment for Fishermen Community in Ambulu Village, Losari Sub-District, Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia

The welfare of fishermen in Indonesia is still very low and many of them have not been able to meet their family's daily needs. This is caused by various factors that affect their economic condition. This paper aims to conduct economic empowerment training for fisheries communities in Ambulu Village, Losari District, Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia. In this study, 115 respondents Ambulu village fishermen are included in the study. The reviewed factors include social factors, work system factors, and economic factors themselves in meet the needs of fishermen's family. As much as 79.13% of respondents were able to meet their daily needs, while 20.87% were unable to meet their daily needs. This shows that other efforts are needed from fishermen to fulfil their daily needs in order to improve their welfare.

Pengaruh Pendidikan dan Pendapatan Orang Tua Terhadap Tingkat Pendidikan Anak Keluarga Nelayan Tradisional Kecamatan Seruyan Hilir Kabupaten Seruyan

This study was done at Seruyan Hilirsubdistrict of Seruyan regency to know whether there was an effect of parents ’education toward the level of children education in traditional fishermen family. Whether the parents’ income had an effect toward the level of the traditional fishermen’ children education and it was also to know the effect of parents’ education and parents’ income toward the level of children education in traditional fishermen of SeruyanHilirsubdistrict of Seruyan regency. The aim of this study was to know the effect of parents’ education and parents’ income toward the level of children education in traditional fishermen. The differences in the high level of education and the amount of parents’ income whether had an effect on their children’s education level. The study was one of a quantitative research method. The instrument of data collection on this study used questionnaires. The data analysis applied descriptive presentation and regression multiple. The technique of sample collection used Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique because the stratified population. The amount of sample was determined by using Isaac and Michael tables. The result of analysis showed that the significance value on the result of SPSS 16.0, the effect of parents’ income toward the level of the traditional fishermen’ children education was 0.00 < 0.05, which was obviously variable X1 and X2 influenced the variable Y. The effect of parents’ income toward the children education got P value < 0.05 (0.00 < 0.05), the H0 rejected and H1accepted, it meant that there was a significant effect of fishermen income toward the level of the traditional fishermen’ children education. According to the result of computation apparently show that X1 and X2 had an effect toward Y. Based on the table R2 value (R square) was 0.676 or (67.6%). It showed that the contributory percentage of the independent variable effect (Fishermen’ education and income) toward dependent variable (the education of fishermen children) were 67.6%.

Gender Analysis on Efficiency of Pelagic Fish Marketing Chain in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency

The purpose of this study is to identify, and examine gender in the pelagic fish marketing value chain, then analyze gender differences in the pelagic fish marketing value chain in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research is expected to provide information and knowledge about gender roles and the impact of inequality on the marketing chain of pelagic fish in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, where women as fishermen's wives have many limitations in terms of skills caused by various obstacles, including lack of knowledge. , so that the interest in self-development is hindered by the inability to think innovatively. This research was conducted in the village of Bulawan II, Kotabunan District using a survey method. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling on fishermen's families, specifically husbands and wives of fishermen. The data collected includes primary data and secondary data, where primary data is obtained through observation, direct interviews by filling out structured questionnaires. Analysis of research data, namely descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis by making a systematic, factual and accurate description of the facts, characteristics and relationships of the phenomena studied objectively. The results of this study indicate that there are gender differences in each pelagic fish marketing value chain ranging from fishermen, village petibo traders, urban petibo traders to retailers and the role of men is more in jobs that require extra labor, while women play an important role in work. light.

The Role of Fishermen's Wife in Increasing Family Income

The uncertainty of the income that the head of the fisherman's household in Namlea Village encourages his wife to work to meet family needs. The role of the fishermen's wife is needed because it affects the level of family income. This is what encourages researchers to conduct research with the aim of knowing how the role of fishermen's wives in increasing family income in Namlea Village, Buru Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method, which is an investigation that obtains facts from the existing symptoms of the role of fishermen's wives in Namlea Village, Namlea District, Buru Regency and analyzed by descriptive method. Sampling in this study using a purposive sampling method. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Respondents taken in this study amounted to 18 people or 25% of the total population of 72 fishermen's wives. The domestic role of women, which are all activities carried out by fishermen's wives in maintaining fishermen's households, which consists of jobs such as cooking, washing, ironing, cleaning the house, and childcare are priceless. The public role of women is all the activities of fishermen's wives that generate income outside of their homes. Fishermen's wives are required to play a role in making a living by being involved in earning a living. The work that is done by the fishermen's wife is like selling fresh (raw) fish and processed fish (smoked fish). The results of this study indicate that 18 fishermen wife respondents show a contribution or proportion that affects the total income of the fishermen's family with the criteria classified as moderate, which means that it is quite influential in increasing family income and can meet family needs. This research can assist local governments in formulating policies related to improving fishermen's welfare through the active role of family members.

The Implementation of Community Based on Total Sanitation among Fisherman Families in West Java

The aim of this study was to obtain a picture on the implementation of Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) the Indonesian term for Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) among the families of fisherman in Eretan Kulon, Indramayu West Java. Participants of this Household Survey were categorized into two, namely households that have under-five children and households that have youth. Father or mother or any adult who live with under-five children or youth were purposively chosen as the participants of this study. In total 307 Households (HH Under five 51.14%; HH Youth 48.86%) participated in this study. Five pillars of STBM were used to develop a questionnaire for this HH Survey. The result revealed that among the five pillars of STBM, the highest mean score was in safe management of drinking water and food (Mean=4.08), followed by washing hands with soap (Mean=3.45), management of solid waste (Mean=2.79), management of liquid water (Mean=2.64), and open defecation (Mean=1.90). The result of this study indicated that not all families have latrines so that they still practice of open defecation. The study also showed that solid and liquid waste management is still not considered important to maintain health and environmental hygiene.

Pemenuhan Nutrisi Dan Alternatif Penghasilan Melalui Produk Olahan Ikan Bagi Masyarakat Penangkap Ikan Kelurahan Oesapa Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang

The sea fish caught by fishermen which are abundant in the province of East Nusa Tenggara have become one of the endless marine products, especially for groups of marine workers to be managed and utilized to produce value of goods that are of great selling value so that they can provide added value in income and increase the economy of marine workers, especially groups. the main catchers are fishermen and their families. Every day fishermen sell their catch fish both traditionally and with the use of machines and technology to second consumers in large volumes and with various types of fish. occasionally, the marketed fish is completely sold out to a second consumer, as a result it has to be stored or preserved in other forms that can long time such as being made into salted fish or dried fish. Another method taken is processing the fish caught by sea workers into other products that can be sold and are durable in the form of product diversification. This partnership program is expected to be an alternative fulfillment of family nutrition, especially animal protein, which is attractive to housewives and fishing families. Also increasing the added value, knowledge, use and processing of animal protein sources which can increase the nutritional value, texture, processing and products as a form application of university for science and technology, resulting products can be a form of effort to increase the income of fishermen's families so that the community of marine workers can be helped in economic problems.

Parenting Styles of Fishermen and Female Migrant Workers (TKW) Families in Instilling Religious Characters for the Children’s

This study aims to determine the types of parenting for the families of fishermen and Female Migrant Workers (TKW) as well as the driving and inhibiting factors in the formation of religious character in children. This research is a field research using a qualitative approach. The data in this study were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that: First, the parenting styles used by several mothers in fishermen families are authoritarian, militaristic, democratic, purposeful, and paternalistic. The parenting styles used by fathers in TKW families are role-transfer, laissez-faire, transactional, and affiliation. Second, there are several driving and inhibiting factors in the formation of religious character in children. These factors are the structure of the physical environment, social environment, educational environment, psychological atmosphere in the family, socio-culture in the family, and parental control of their children. The success of these factors is influenced by parent’s attention. Parents who care about their children tend to have success in all elements of environmental structures. On the other hand, parents who are indifferent to their families tend to fail in all elements of structures.

Social and Economic Conditions on Children's Education Level Fisherman Family in Nangadhero Village, Aesesa District Nagekeo District

Social and economic conditions of parents in the family which will affect the education received by children, seen from the level of parental education, parents' age, income, expenses and even environmental factors can also affect the level of education of a child. The research aims to find out how much influence social and economic conditions have on the level of education of children of fishermen families in Nangadhero village, Aesesa District, Nagekeo Regency, using the Ex-post facto method. The sample was 83 family heads from a total population of 105 families who work as fishermen. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation, the results of research (1) There is a significant influence between social conditions on the level of education of fishermen children, with a tcount of 2.113> 1.667, and significant = 0.038 <0.05. (2) There is no significant influence between economic conditions on the education level of fishermen children, with a significant value> 0.05. (3) There is an influence of 10.2% between social conditions and economic conditions simultaneously on the educational level of children of fishermen families in Nangadhero village, Aesesa District, Nagekeo Regency.