Fish Trade Research Articles

Further spread of perch rhabdovirus on European percid farms.

Variants of perch rhabdovirus (PRV) circulate across European percid farms via the fish trade. To trace their circulation, they are usually isolated by cell culture and subsequently identified genetically by sequencing partial or complete genes. Here, a newly developed nested PCR-based method was used to amplify and sequence the complete N and P genes directly from clinical samples obtained during an outbreak on a farm as well as from four batches of fish sampled from two other farms in another country. In an attempt to trace the origin of the five detected viruses, their N and P sequences were concatenated and compared with related viruses. One virus found in pike-perch was highly related to a virus isolated in 2016 in Belgium. Two other viruses detected on a single farm were distinct from one another, with one being almost identical to another virus isolated in 2016 in Belgium and the other being more closely related to a subgroup with different origins, France and Belgium. Two other viruses found in perch from a third farm were identical and were more related to a subgroup of viruses isolated in France. Identifying variants by a direct PCR approach will help to prevent further dissemination in farms.

Reproductive aspects of the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma agassizii under captive conditions

Apistogramma agassizii is a native fish from the Amazon basin, which is of great interest for fishkeeping and is supplied to the retail trade from extractivism. Knowledge about the reproductive characteristics of this fish is fundamental to successful breeding. Objective: This work aimed to study the behavior and reproductive performance of this species in white and black aquariums. A total of 16 pairs were used, 8 in each treatment. The system had water recirculation, with fresh and inert food supply. Result: The fish demonstrated parental care, more accentuated by the female and partial spawning. The same coloration pattern was observed in both treatments, with coloration intensifying only during spawning. The eggs were adhesive and U-shaped/oval. The females followed the larvae, even after they left the nests, and attacked the males when they approached the offspring. Males exhibited territorial behavior. No significant differences were observed for the following parameters studied: largest and smallest egg size, spawning weight, absolute fecundity, number of hatched larvae, and hatchability rate. Conclusion: This study found that the fish are prolific and show good reproductive rates in conditions of captivity; thus, they are suitable to rear for the ornamental fish trade.

The Effect of Couple Support and Mental Attitude on the Economic Recovery of Salted Fish Traders at Lamekongga Kolaka Market Post COVID-19 PPKM

Currently, there are many raw food products circulating in traditional markets, one of which is salted fish. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed economic life, including salted fish traders at the Lamekongga market, Kolaka Regency. The revival of the salted fish business is considered very important because this source of livelihood experienced a decline in income during the COVID-19 outbreak that entered Kolaka Regency. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of partner support (X1) and mental attitude (X2) on the economic recovery (Y) of salted fish traders in Lamekongga traditional market. This research is an ex-port facto research which is causal associative. The subjects of this study were 19 sellers of salted fish in the Lamekongga traditional market. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires and documentation. Data were analyzed using simple regression and multiple regression. The implication of the research is to describe the recovery economy after the peak of COVID-19. The results of the inferential analysis of the influence of partner support (X1) and mental attitude (X2) on economic recovery (Y), obtained information on the value of sig.2-tailed is 0.000 < 0.05, the test results are statistically significant, thus there is an effect of partner support ( X1) and mental attitude (X2) towards economic recovery (Y).

Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)

Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is an emerging aquaculture species in Southeast Asia and Australia with limited knowledge of its nutrient requirements and effects of supplements on its physiology. The present study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, vitamin E, and combinations on growth performance, body coloration, and the antioxidant status of juvenile giant grouper. Nine isonitrogenous (crude protein = 65 % ± 0.7 %) and isolipidic (crude lipid = 10 % ± 0.3 %) diets were formulated using a 3 × 3 factorial design, including three levels astaxanthin (0, 75, and 150 mg/kg) and vitamin E (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg), respectively. Each of the nine diets was fed to triplicate groups of 15 giant grouper (18.04 ± 0.92 g) for 30 days. Giant grouper fed the different diets exhibited no significant differences (p > 0.05) in specific growth rate (4.87 %/day - 5.21 %/day). However, dietary astaxanthin supplementation significantly enhanced the redness (a*), yellowness (b*b*), chroma, and hue values of the fin, regardless of the dose supplemented. Giant grouper fed astaxanthin at 75 and 150 mg/kg diet were more yellow and had three times higher b* values than fish fed non-supplemented diets. Further, total antioxidant capacity (TAC; mmol Trolox equivalent) in liver tissues was significantly increased in fish fed any of the astaxanthin-supplemented diets (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TAC levels were not affected by vitamin E supplementation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by astaxanthin or vitamin E. Findings from this study will contribute toward a better understanding of the dietary effects of antioxidant and pigment in juvenile giant grouper. We present that dietary treatment can modulate giant grouper pigmentation and may be used in the live fish trade. Further, this study contributes to narrowing the knowledge gap in formulating appropriate diets for giant grouper, which to date is fed diets formulated for other species.

Market Potential of Freshwater Fish Farmers in Limpopo Province

O. mossambicus is one of the most cultured food fish worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is essential for meeting the need for food security, as it can be a cheap source of protein. Previous studies focused to some extent on the profitability of tilapia farmers. This study aims to make a scientific contribution by analyzing the market environment, and specifically the potential customers, of the O. mossambicus farmers who belong to small and medium enterprises in agriculture, by using a feasibility analysis framework. A mixed-methods approach was used to achieve the research objectives. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), to compile descriptive and inferential statistics. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument were measured using Chronbach’s Alpha values. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was the statistical method used, and the f-test was conducted to determine the statistical significance of the variables in the multivariate analysis. The overall results of the study showed that O. mossambicus farmers largely sell the fish fresh to individual consumers and informal fish traders at farm stalls. In contrast, fish traders bought the O. mossambicus frozen or smoked from other suppliers. Here, recommendations are made in respect of new entrepreneurial ventures, next steps for business consultants and other stakeholders in the O. mossambicus industry, and future research directions.

ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL BAKTERI IKAN KUNIRAN DAN IKAN TONGKOL ASAP DI PASAR BARU TUBAN

Smoked fish is one of the product based fish in Tuban Regency. Smoked fish is widely sold in traditional markets in Tuban Regency, one of which is Pasar Baru Tuban. Smoked fish production carried out by smoked fish producers in Tuban is mostly done traditionally, so the quality is not guaranteed and less hygienic. One of the important quality parameters is the microbiological parameter based on the total bacterial plate number. The purpose of this study was to determine the total plate number of bacteria in smoked fish in Pasar Baru Tuban. This research is an exploratory descriptive study which was carried out through several stages, namely sampling (tongkol smoked fish and kuniran smoked fish) taken from smoked fish traders in Pasar Baru Tuban, preparation of tools and materials, serial dilution, isolation of bacteria, and counting the total number of bacteria plates. The results obtained in this study are the Total Bacterial Plate Number of smoked kuniran fish is 1.2 X 105 cfu/gram and the Total Bacteria Plate Number of tongkol smoked fish is 1,5 X 105 cfu/gram.. The conclusion of this study is that the total bacterial plate count of smoked fish meet the SNI for smoked fish products.

IMPLIKATUR PADA PERCAKAPAN PENJUAL DAN PEMBELI DI PASAR SELASA DESA CINTAMANIS BARU, KECAMATAN AIR KUMBANG, BANYUASIN (KAJIAN PRAGMATIK)

The problem in this research is how are the general conversational implicatures and the specific conversational implicatures found in the conversations between sellers and buyers at the Tuesday Market, Cintamanis Baru Village, Air Kumbang sub-district, Banyuasin. This study aims to describe, analyze and conclude the conversations between sellers and buyers at Tuesday Market, Cintamanis Baru Village, Air Kumbang District, Banyuasin (pragmatic study). This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Sources of data in this study are conversations between sellers and buyers at vegetable traders, fish traders, food traders, kitchen equipment traders and fruit traders, while the buyers are housewives in the Pasar Selasa area, Cintamanis Baru Village, Air Kumbang District, Banyuasin. The technique of collecting data in this study used observation techniques, recording techniques, listening techniques, and recording techniques. The results of this study are expected to be useful for other research. From the results of the study, it shows that there are 2 kinds of conversational implicatures between sellers and buyers at Pasar Selasa, Cintamanis Baru Village, Air Kumbang District, Banyuasin (Pragmatic Studies), namely: (a) General Conversation Impliacture Analysis. (b) Special Conversational Implicature Analysis

Pelatihan Dan Pendampingan Akuntansi Berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (SAK EMKM) Bagi Pedagang Ikan di Pasar Depok Surakarta

This service aims to provide training and accounting assistance based on Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) for Fish Traders in Depok Market, Surakarta. Training and mentoring activities for the accounting process based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) are carried out by means of presentations, discussions and simulations. The target of this Community Service activity is for Fish Traders at Pasar Depok Surakarta. The solution offered is that fish traders at Pasar Depok Surakarta as entrepreneurs will be able to compile simple financial reports based on Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). This activity begins by assisting in making proof of transactions, the process of recording transactions to the preparation of financial statements. The expected results of this activity include fish traders in the Depok Surakarta market being able to record each transaction into transaction receipts, being able to carry out manual books related to the accounting cycle and compiling financial reports from their business results on the basis of SAK EMKM. The follow-up to this activity is that continuous guidance and mentoring will be carried out, so that mentoring participants can actually prepare simple financial reports based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) as well as training in the use of simple excel-based accounting software that makes it easier for fish traders. in the Depok-Surakarta market in preparing financial statements.

The people’s fishery in perspective: Current analysis of the small pelagic fishery value chain of Ghana

Small pelagic fish (SPF) are among the most traded fishery products in small-scale fishing in coastal areas in low-income countries. Small-scale fisheries play a key role in the supply of fish products and form an integral component of the world’s fish production. However, due to post-harvest losses, distribution, and marketing issues, most SPFs struggle to increase the market value of their fishery products. We examined the current flow of small pelagic fish products, benefit distribution, trade relationships and quality issues in the small-scale fisheries in Ghana. The purpose of the assessment was to provide relevant information for future management strategies aimed at promoting sustainable fisheries while also ensuring fisherfolk received a higher proportion of the market value of their harvest. A mixed-method approach, involving questionnaire administration, direct observation and secondary data from the Fisheries Scientific Survey Division of the Fisheries Commission of Ghana was used to elicit information and data from actors along the SPF value chain. The pattern of the value chain was mapped and differences in profit analysed. From this analysis, fisherfolk made lower profit than fish processors and traders. We found that all actors received lower profit during the peak season relative to the lean season. Provision of post-harvest facilities, credit facilities and improved value-chain governance could increase efficiency and increase the income of fisherfolk.

UJI KADAR FORMALIN PADA IKAN SEGAR YANG DIJUAL DI PASAR TEUPIN RAYA KECAMATAN GLUMPANG TIGA KABUPATEN PIDIE TAHUN 2020

The use of formalin in fresh fish is triggered by the increase in production costs borne by fishermen due to the distance from fishing locations and the higher prices of diesel fuel and ice prices. the use of formalin, in addition to reducing the load, because fishermen do not have to bother carrying large quantities, production costs are estimated to be reduced by ±20% (BBRSE, 2005 in Hikmayani et al., 2007). This study aims to determine the content of formalin in fresh fish sold at the Teupin Raya Market, Glumpang Tiga District, Pidie Regency in 2020. This type of research is experimental research (laboratory test). The population in this study were all fish traders in the Teupin Raya market as many as 50 people. The purposive sampling method is the sampling method in this study by only taking fish samples from traders whose sales are still 5 fish traders, with the samples being shrimp (B1), milkfish (B2), mackerel (B3), and mackerel (B4). cob (K B1). The results of the study found that Formalin Levels in Fish Using the Colorimetric Method at Teupin Raya Market, Glumpang Tiga District, Pidie Regency in 2019/2020 with reference to the Merck method 1,08028.0001 the results of all samples of fish species were negative. Of the 5 fish samples taken from fish traders who continue to sell, the results showed that there were no positive formalin samples, while those with negative results were 5 samples with a percentage of 100%. The conclusion that the formalin content in fish using the colorimetric method with reference to the Merck method 1.08028.001, the results obtained were negative for all types of fish and the formalin content examination was also negative from 5 samples with a percentage of 100%. It is recommended for institutions to be expected to further improve the counseling process and provide direction on the use of good chemicals, for the community with this research the community can find out the impact of the use of formalin on foodstuffs such as noodles, fish, meatballs and others, and for students to identify chemicals which is dangerous with other methods besides the colorimetric method and can add insight to students.Keywords: Formalin, Fresh Fish

Pelatihan Penanganan Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares) Dengan Es Batu Secara Bulking Di PPI Hamadi Kota Jayapura

The aims of this service is to increase the knowledge and skills of fish traders in handling yellowfin tuna by bulking using crushed ice cubes without mixing with water in the box and controlling the quality of fish using an organoleptic table score sheet during cooling process for three days. The method used is the early preparation of the training by conducting a pretest, delivering material and discussion, observing the quality assessment of fish by describing the changes that occur during storage with an explanation of the application theory as well as the implementation of practicum, interviews and evaluation of the final results of the activity by conducting a post-test. The results of the community service implementation attended by 15 participants from fish traders, about 48% was good in understanding and mastering the knowledge of refrigeration fish, about 28% was sufficient in accepting the knowledge and 24% was lacking in understanding the knowledge of refrigeration fish. The average value after given the training is 64.1.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG DI PASAR IKAN KEDONGANAN KECAMATAN KUTA KABUPATEN BADUNG

Based on data on fishery production in Bali Province in 2018-2020, Badung Regency experienced a very large decrease in production, so that it affected the income of fish traders and fishermen at the Kedonganan Fish Market. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the income of traders at the Kedonganan Fish Market, Kuta District, Badung Regency through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The emphasis in this research is on capital, length of business, working hours, survival strategies, and income. This research is a research that uses qualitative and quantitative approaches that are associative. Simultaneous research results show that capital, length of business, working hours, and survival strategies have a significant effect on the income of traders at the Kedonganan Fish Market, Kuta District, Badung Regency. Partially shows that capital and length of business have a positive and significant effect on the income of traders at the Kedonganan Fish Market, Kuta District, Badung Regency. Working hours and survival strategies partially show that they have no effect on the income of traders at the Kedonganan Fish Market, Kuta District, Badung Regency.

A Glimpse into Survival in the Banggi Region: Of Coastal Communities, Live Reef Fish Cages and Crocodile Lore

The Banggi region is home to coastal inhabitants that have a multitude of cultural beliefs and traditions, living a diaspora of marine biodiversity that is part of the Coral Triangle Region, thus rendering tremendous fisheries and eco-tourism potential. It is also a source region for Live Reef Fish (LRF) grown out in mariculture cages that contributes towards the multi-million dollar Asia Pacific commodity chain: the Live Reef Food Fish Trade (LRFFT). We attempt to provide a historical development of socio-demographics of the Banggi region along with an introduction to LRF cage initiatives and cultural beliefs regarding crocodiles to enhance understanding of the marginalized island communities and how they interact with the flourishing marine ecosystem around them. The Banggi region is a large portion of Tun Mustapha Park, a multiple use marine protected area (MPA) that falls under the jurisdiction of Sabah Parks.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PEDAGANG DALAM PENGGUNAAN FORMALIN PADA IKAN ASIN DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KEDUNGPRAHU

Introduction: Formalin is a type of food additive that is not permitted, the use of formalin as a food additive is increasingly prevalent among the community, especially in salted fish. Ingestion of formalin in small amounts is harmful to the body because after contact it can damage body cells. The Kedungprahu traditional market has never been inspected for food safety, especially formalin. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge of traders in the use of formalin in salted fish in the Kedungprahu traditional market. Methods: This type of research is descriptive using a qualitative analysis approach. The population in this study were 5 salted fish traders, the samples were 5 traders and 14 salted fish, formalin examination of salted fish was carried out qualitatively with the colorimetric method using "Test Kit". Results: The level of knowledge of salted fish traders in the Kedungprahu traditional market is 20% less and the salted fish sold there are 2 types of salted fish identified as positive for formalin. Conclusion: There are still salted fish traders in the Kedungprahu traditional market who do not know the characteristics of salted fish that contain formalin, therefore it is necessary to increase the knowledge of traders regarding the dangers of using formalin in food.Keywords: Knowledge, Formalin, Salted fish

Baseline study on the freshwater ornamental fish industry in Palawan, Philippines

The status of both freshwater and marine ornamental fish industries in the Philippines has been assessed in 2019; however, Palawan was excluded due to the unavailability of data with regard to the ornamental fish trade. Hence, this study collected baseline data on the freshwater ornamental fish industry specifically the distribution of freshwater ornamental fish hobbyists, socio-demographic profile of the respondents, the key players involved in the market chain, classification and number of fish species and strains involved, and the challenges (economic and scientific) and opportunities encountered by the key players which could be used for the improvement and development of the ornamental fish sector in Palawan. A poll was conducted in order to obtain information on the general location of the ornamental fish hobbyists in Palawan in which 77 individuals participated. An online survey form was then sent to participants, however, only 40 responded. The freshwater ornamental fish hobbyists were distributed in 11 localities of Palawan. Key players involved in the market chain of freshwater ornamental fish were categorized as producers, traders, and sellers. Twelve freshwater ornamental fish species with 83 strains/varieties were involved, dominated by the Siamese fighting fish and guppy. Economic and research problems were some of the problems cited by the key players.

Patron-client relationships shape value chains in an Indonesian island-based fisheries system

Fishing is vital to millions of people in Southeast Asia. Overfishing along with climate-induced stressors have presented significant challenges to managers. Solutions for fisheries management in the region, however, tend to narrowly focus on production and catch restrictions despite the importance of local economies and relationships. For example, the role of networks known as patron-client systems are understood by scholars and local populations as important drivers of fisheries exploitation in Indonesia, but policy is rarely directed at them. Here, we perform value chain analysis to better understand the socioeconomic factors that mediate fish catch, distribution, and governance outcomes in an Indonesian fishing community. The community’s social context spurred the following research questions: i) In what ways does the regional fish trading system influence fisheries value chains; and ii) How does the current structure of trade align with fisheries and fishing actors on the island? Survey-based fieldwork collected data on species composition, revenue, and buyer/seller relationships from the point of catch to sale. These results showed that patrons earn disproportionate trading benefits compared to fishing clients, including higher revenues, bargaining power, and flexibility from their central position as lenders. Findings also revealed a strong connection between pelagic-based fishing crews and the wider market system, which mediates the trade of fish off-island. Given the links between trading hierarchies and fish flows in our study, we argue that efforts to enhance fisheries governance would be most effective if introduced through off-island auctioneers since they have significant power in controlling fish catch and distribution.

Plastic Filtration and Decomposition According to Ricochet Filtering Mechanism Using Ideonella sakaiensis

Our oceans have been under immense stress due to the deposition and accumulation of marine debris, of which 80% are plastics. Of these, microplastics which are small plastic fragments measuring less than five mm, have been a real bane to the marine fauna, especially the ornamental fishes inhabiting coral reef regions. The multibillion-dollar marine ornamental fish trade depends on these fishes caught from coral reefs. It has often been found that these small fishes are severely affected due to the choking of their gills with microplastics as they are natural filter feeders. To curb the load of plastics in the oceans, and especially in the waters around coral reefs, this study aims to develop a small-scale solution, which could later be scaled up by increasing the size and number of each unit as required. The system has been inspired by the filter-feeding mechanism of manta rays as a basic model for the filtration module. The use of a bacteria named Ideonella sakaiensis, which has been known to decompose plastics inherently is the second level of ideation that has gone into the design. The whole system has been envisaged as a floating system, where the filtration units would be submerged under water and the design of the platform over water would have a provision for self-sustenance, apart from the obvious role in maintaining buoyancy. Each filtration unit has been designed to possess multiple layers of sieving, vortexing and cross-flow filtration with a batch of I. sakaiensis at the end of the unit. To maintain a unidirectional flow of water, a fan would be placed at the end of these filtration units. This system can be a solution to the accumulation of plastics in a localized environment and can be scaled up in terms of size and the number of units to cover a greater area and volume to reduce the menace of plastic pollution. This could be a unique and cost-effective answer to the loss of marine fauna, more specifically ornamental fishes to the curse of microplastics.

Pengembangan Aplikasi Pemasaran Ikan Untuk UMKM dan Nelayan Batam dengan Pendekatan User Centered Design (UCD) dan Usability Testing

This study aims to design a fish trading application for SMEs and fishers in Batam. Batam is an area surrounded by the sea; most of the population makes a living as fishermen. The restrictions on community activities due to the Covid-19 pandemic have resulted in several weakening businesses where fishers and MSMEs have difficulty selling and distributing to consumers. The study took a case study on Tibelat Farm, an MSME, and anglers who cultivate fish and sell various consumption fish and ornamental fish. The application design uses the Laravel Framework with a UCD approach (User Centered Design), which involves the user in the business model to reach a broader market and complete available information. The results of the local community survey still have no confidence in online transactions, so in the design, they choose the pay-on-site or COD (Cash on Delivery) model. As an evaluation of the usability level using the SUS scale (System Usability Scale). The study results showed a SUS score of 57.58 which means that the application is functionally perfect and can be accepted by users.

Myxozoan Diversity Infecting Ornamental Fishes Imported to Australia

The ornamental fish trade provides a pathway for the global translocation of aquatic parasites. Myxozoa is comprised of highly specialized metazoan parasites of aquatic hosts with a wide host range. Interest in the group has intensified along with the development of aquaculture due to emergent pathogenic myxozoan species in both freshwater and marine environments. However, little is known on myxozoan diversity in the ornamental fish trade. We examined 630 ornamental fish imported from Asia to Australia (representing 24 fish populations, including freshwater and wild caught marine fish species) for myxozoan parasites during 2015. Fish were sampled under Australian quarantine following veterinary certification that they showed no clinical signs of pests and diseases from the exporting country and visual inspection at Australian border control. Myxozoan parasites infected 8 of 12 freshwater populations and 8 of 12 marine fish populations. A total of 12 morphologically distinct Myxobolus spores were detected amongst all goldfish, Carassius auratus populations. Myxidium spores were detected in kissing gourami, Helostoma temminckii, and Ceratomyxa sp. spores were detected in cardinal fishes, Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus, Pterapogon kauderni, and Zoramia leptocantha. Kudoa sp. spores were detected in C. quinquelineatus, Sphaeramia nematoptera and Z. leptocantha. Results of this study show that Australian pre-export health requirements and visual inspections do not reliably detect myxozoan infections. Inspection prior to exportation and at border control should account for the highly cryptic nature of myxozoan parasites and consider alternative detection methods to complement inspections at border control.

Socio-economic factors affecting fisherfolks in Otuocha and Ebenebe fishing communities in Anambra state, Nigeria

Fishing is an important source of income contributing to the economy of fishing communities living around Ezu and Omamabala Rivers in Ebenebe and Otuocha areas in Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 120 structured questionnaires were distributed to obtain the socio-economic information from the respondents. Descriptive statistic was used for the data analysis. Results from the study revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between Ebenebe and Otuocha fishing communities, in terms of level of education attained, with no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the average monthly income earned. The study also showed that 71.7% of the respondents were males which engaged in fish farming while 28.3% were females involving in fish processing and trading, both of which were mostly within the age bracket of 30-39 years. The highest household size (35.9%) comprised of 6 members while 92.3% of the respondents had one form of education or the other. Most of the respondents (69.6%) took fishing as their major occupation while 30.4% also involved in other activities in addition to fishing operations. A 5-point likert scale was employed to record challenges of the respondents, and could be concluded that the socio-economic conditions of the fisherfolks in the study areas were not highly excellent due to lack of basic social amenities and modern fishing facilities amongst other factors.
 Keywords: Fisher folks, Social-Economic factors, Ebenebe, Otuocha, Anambra