FISH Technique Research Articles

Visualization of the three-dimensional structure of the human centromere in mitotic chromosomes by superresolution microscopy.

The human centromere comprises large arrays of repetitive α-satellite DNA at the primary constriction of mitotic chromosomes. In addition, centromeres are epigenetically specified by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A that supports kinetochore assembly to enable chromosome segregation. Because CENP-A is bound to only a fraction of the α-satellite elements within the megabase-sized centromere DNA, correlating the three-dimensional (3D) organization of α-satellite DNA and CENP-A remains elusive. To visualize centromere organization within a single chromatid, we used a combination of the centromere chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization (Cen-CO-FISH) technique together with structured illumination microscopy. Cen-CO-FISH allows the differential labeling of the sister chromatids without the denaturation step used in conventional FISH that may affect DNA structure. Our data indicate that α-satellite DNA is arranged in a ring-like organization within prometaphase chromosomes, in the presence or absence of spindle's microtubules. Using expansion microscopy, we found that CENP-A organization within mitotic chromosomes follows a rounded pattern similar to that of α-satellite DNA, often visible as a ring thicker at the outer surface oriented toward the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Collectively, our data provide a 3D reconstruction of α-satellite DNA along with CENP-A clusters that outlines the overall architecture of the mitotic centromere.

MORPHOSYNTACTIC ABILITIES IN CHILD WITH INTELECTUAL DISABILITIES: A CASE STUDY

This research is a case study on the ability of children with intellectual disabilities in morphosyntax abilities. It is well-known that the language skills of children with intellectual disabilities do not compare with those of other normal children, where they will have language delays and even language disorders. The subject of this study was KH, a 12-year-old child with mild intellectual disability, before doing speech therapy was only able to say one or two words. After 30 speech therapy sessions, the researcher wanted to know the morphological ability in the use of affixes when speaking and the syntax abilities in the use of phrases and the use of sentence types. The methods used in collecting data were observation and interview. Researchers also used fishing techniques with flashcards and were asked to tell the daily activities of KH. The results of this study show that after 30 times of speech therapy, KH is able to use affixation and is able to use simple sentences and complex sentences when communicating

Penggunaan Kalimat dalam Teks Eksposisi Karya Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

This study aims to describe the use of sentences in exposition texts in terms of structural clarity, logical meaning, frugality of words and standardization of words in exposition texts by class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Nan Sabaris, Padang Pariaman Regency. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data to be obtained are words and sentences obtained from research data sources. The source of the data used in this study was exposition texts by class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Nan Sabaris, Padang Pariaman Regency, for the 2021/2022 academic year with a total of 30 student exposition texts. The data collection technique in this study is the fishing technique. The instrument in this study was the researcher himself and assisted by an inventory table. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that First, in terms of structural clarity consisting of clarity of active and passive structures, 47 non-standard sentences were found, 18 non-standard adverbial subjects were found, five non-standard predicates were found, non-subject adverbs were found. five non-standard sentences, and the subject is not missing found 16 non-standard sentences. Second, in terms of logical meaning, it consists of a logical relationship between the meanings of S and P found in 16 non-standard sentences and a logical relationship of detailed (parallel) meanings found in 13 non-standard sentences. Third, from the point of view of saving words consisting of using one subject from the same subject, three non-standard sentences were found, using one word from several synonymous words, 90 non-standard sentences were found, and using the words needed to express the author's intent, 125 non-standard sentences were found. . Fourth, in terms of word standardity, 32 non-standard words were found. the results obtained prove that the use of sentences in expository texts for class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Nan Sabaris Padang Pariaman Regency is still low.

Analysis of added value creation of fisherman bottom longline in Bahari Village Sampolawa District South Buton Regency

This study aims to determine the operating techniques of bottom longline fishing gear and determine the added value created by bottom longline fishing gear. This research was carried out in Bahari Village, Sampolawa District, South Buton Regency in July 2022. The method used in this study was the census method. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, documentation and literature studies. Data analysis uses the added value formula, namely NT=G+Pt+Pj+π. The results of the study concluded that the bottom longline fishing technique in Bahari Village was to go to the fishing location, place bait on each hook, release the bottom longline at a depth of 10-20 meters with fishing gear lengths varying from 900-1100 meters with a total of ±200 hooks for each fisherman and 3 units of buoys and left in the sea for 2-3 hours, as well as hauling (lifting fishing gear). This fishing gear is operated at low tide. The added value created by bottom longline fishing gear, the lowest value is Rp913.000,-/trip and the highest is Rp1.351.000,-/trip and the average is Rp1.179.850,-/trip, the added value obtained from the sum of Salaries, Depreciation, Taxes and Profits

Analysis of Fishermen's Basic Skills Training With A Computer-Based SECI Knowledge Management Approach

This study aims to explore an integrated framework that integrates SECI knowledge management, basic fishing techniques, diversity of ecological knowledge, innovation abilities, fisherman's performance. The research design uses descriptive quantitative research, and the research methodology uses survey research with 150 respondents with purposive sampling in Kupang district, West Nusa Tenggara, which forms the target population. Statistical techniques use confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS4 to test hypotheses. The test revealed a significant increase in the overall score of the trainees and skills. The specific score for the X2 table value was 149.334 compared to the calculated X2 value of 944.501, so the form of this model can be said to be FIT because X2 count X2 table. Furthermore, the value of Adjusted R Square gives a more substantial picture than R Square in assessing the ability of an exogenous construct to explain endogenous constructs, namely BFT_0.788, DEK_0.815, FP_0.636 and IA_0.725. Furthermore, the path coefficient values in this study are FP_ - IA_0.852, IA_ - BFT_0.324, IA_ - DEK_0.525, SKM_ - BFT_ 0.605, SKM_ - DEK_0.423 and SKM_- FP_0.798. From these tests, only BFT and DEK were seen to be less than 0.5. The results show that process knowledge management affects several observational variables, namely organizational knowledge, information management affects the nautical ability, process knowledge management involves Fishing basic techniques, Diversity of ecological expertise, maritime learning through mediators, Information management, and organizational knowledge. Therefore, the application of computer-based SECI knowledge management in this study is said to be significant.

The Threshold Effect of Overfishing on Global Fishery Outputs: International Evidence from a Sustainable Fishery Perspective

Using global fishery outputs from 62 countries during the period 2001–2020, this study applies the threshold panel data model of Hansen (2000) to empirically explore the nonlinear relations between the number of fishing vessels, fishers, and fishery production, with distinct overfishing stocks (overfishing) and fish caught by trawling or dredging techniques (trawling) as the threshold variables. Our findings show that the levels of fishery outputs could be increased by different combinations of primary factors, such as the number of fishing vessels and fishers. More specifically, when the number of fishing vessels and fishermen operating in countries with a high ratio of overfishing (overfishing > 4.4456) increased, their fishery outputs significantly increased as compared with countries with a low percentage of overfishing. As overfishing activities increase, they can result in significant shortages and imbalances of fishery resources, directly influencing fish biomass, biodiversity, and sustainability of fisheries, as well as making destructive fishing practices worse for marine ecosystems. Countries with a relatively high proportion of trawler net usage (trawling > 4.5516) would have significantly lower fishery outputs, as more fishing vessels are invested in them, compared with countries with a low proportion of trawling net use. This implies that trawler net usage is a non-sustainable fishing technique and harms fishery resources. The policy implications of this study indicate that taxing overfished species and implementing trawling regulations could significantly improve species richness and site-based abundance, thus helping to sustain fishery outputs.

P16 and EGFR analyses in cervical carcinoma on paraffin material in Egyptian females: the NCI experience

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer is considered the fourth most prevalent malignant tumor in women worldwide. In Egypt, it ranks as the 14th most frequent cancer among women. Epidermal growth factor receptor has been an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Although EGFR mutations are less commonly seen in cervical cancer, there is a potential correlation between EGFR expression level and clinical response. Overexpression of p16INK4a is associated with increased overall and disease-free survival in cervical cancer, thus denoting a better prognosis. Aim of the work To investigate the expression of EGFR and p16 by immunohistochemistry as well as amplification of EGFR by FISH technique in cervical carcinoma among Egyptian females. Material and methods Seventy-seven cases of invasive cervical carcinomas were retrieved from paraffin blocks. EGFR and p16 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. EGFR gene amplification was assessed by FISH analysis. Results p 16 Positivity was detected in 62.3% of cases. Positive reaction to EGFR (score 3+) was detected in 20.8% of cases. The EGFR gene was not amplified in 77.9% of cases. Statistical significance was found between histological type, p16, and EGFR expression. A fair agreement was detected between EGFR expression and EGFR amplification. Poor agreement was detected between p16, EGFR expression, and EGFR amplification. Conclusion EGFR and p16 have an independent role in the development of cervical cancer in Egyptian females. EGFR overexpression and EGFR amplification represent two different genetic events; in other words, an increase in gene copy number does not mean that there will be an increase in the function of the gene as expressed by an increase in protein expression.

Identification of yeast α-glucosidase inhibitors from Pueraria lobata by ligand fishing based on magnetic mesoporous silicon combined with knock-out/knock-in technology.

In this study, a ligand fishing technique based on magnetic mesoporous silicon was established and used to screen α-glucosidase inhibitors from Pueraria lobata. To clarify quantity-activity relationships in a holistic view, the knock-out/knock-in technology was used to analyse the interactions of several active constituents in P. lobata. Magnetic mesoporous silicon with a large specific surface area and better biocompatibility was synthesised. Subsequently, α-glucosidase was immobilised on -NH2-modified magnetic mesoporous silicon, and the compounds in the crude extract of P. lobata were screened across enzyme binding. The structures of the ligands were elucidated using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and their activities were verified by knock-out/knock-in experiments and molecular docking. Daidzein and puerarin showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC50 of 0.088 ± 0.003 mg mL-1 and 0.414 ± 0.005 mg mL-1, respectively. Among them, puerarin, which accounted for more than 40% of the total content, showed synergistic effects with other components and was the main contributor to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of P. lobata.

An assessment of Wellbeing Priorities of Small-scale Migratory Fishing Communities in the West Coast, Sri Lanka

Identification of wellbeing priorities is a pre-requisite for successful development programs. Wellbeing assessment has become ever-challenging yet crucial in development studies, especially in achieving macroeconomic goals. This paper presents a descriptive assessment method to identify unmet wellbeing priorities, which may provide valuable and meaningful insights on development needs and frustrations. Assessment has been conducted assuming the perceiving wellbeing as a gap between an individual’s necessities (aspiration) and level of satisfaction. There, development frustrations and goal achievements have been explored with respect to the small-scale migratory fishers in the west coast, Sri Lanka. A sample of 142 fishers (25% of the migrant fishing population in the west coast) was drawn randomly from the lists of fisheries associations in Negombo and Chilaw, who are migrating to Mannar, in the North. The necessities and satisfactions were assessed based on a 3-point and 4-point Likert scale and the mean scores were calculated and ranked. Differences between the mean score rank of the wellbeing necessities and mean score rank of satisfaction were calculated. The negative difference indicates development frustrations, and the positives are goal achievements. Indian trawling issue, illegal fishing, financial uncertainty, cost of fishing, fish pricing mechanism, patience, conflicts, and physical health are the unmet wellbeing priorities with negative ranks. Migration has enabled easy access to sea, smooth consumption, diversified livelihood opportunities, good family relationships, and a few others with a positive difference – the goal achievements. Implementation of rules and regulations encouraging sustainable fishing techniques, regulations against poaching, adequate market linkages and effective pricing mechanism to control unhealthy price fluctuations, an interactive governance system including locals and migrant fishers, and frequent health clinics are recommended.

Fishermen Community Based Tourism Development in Packaging Surf Fishing Activities for Tourist in Pangandaran Beach Destination

The coastal area in Pangandaran Beach Destination has been developed for marine tourism activities. Surf fishing by Cikidang village fisherman is one of marine activities that attract tourists for recreation. Surf fishing is one of sustainable fishing techniques for marine tourism development which provide Cikidang fishermen opportunity to create it as tourist fishing activities in friendly environment. This community service study aims to investigate the challenge and benefit, also assist the Cikidang fisherman community in making surf fishing tourism package as community based tourism development to increase their additional income as well as to enhance their surf fishing tourism product development knowledge and skill. The method used in this community service study is a participatory survey approach and analyzed descriptively based on depth-interview and field observation. The result of this study show the surf fishing is a friendly environment activities. The surf fishing tourism package program operation phase should be divided into three stages consist of preparation, catching, and cooking services for one day tourist activities. The surf fishing operator is suggested managed by three type of fishermen group associated with the Cikidang fish auction place. The offering surf fishing tourism package price is calculated based on the fisherman local guide fee, surf fishing tools and equipment rate, and cooking services rate.

The future of marine fisheries management and conservation in the United Kingdom: Lessons learnt from over 100 years of biased policy

Marine wild-capture fisheries depend on the capacity of the ocean to provide a flow of harvestable resources to sustain the industry. Paradoxically, conventional fishing often undermines these resources by degrading the environment and overexploiting fish stocks. Many UK fisheries have declined for over a century due to a biased focus on their social-economic value and lack of recognition that they are social-ecological systems and need to be managed as such. With the UK’s recent transition to an independent coastal state, the Fisheries Act (2020) and associated Joint Fisheries Statement provide an opportunity to correct this. Focusing on the ecological foundations, a more sustainable future for UK fisheries may be achieved by: (1) implementing a conservative quota setting system based on Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), defined as that which would occur when the biomass of a population of the target species is at 50% of that estimated at carrying capacity, to set catch limits rather than targets. The biomass of fish stocks should be allowed to regenerate to a minimum of 120% of that which will achieve MSY to provide a buffer against the uncertainty in ecological response to climate change. (2) Fishing capacity should be reduced while redistributing a greater share of the quota to sectors of the fleet that are demonstrably more sustainable; recognising that short term compensation may be required by some to mitigate the impacts of displaced activity until the benefits of stock recovery are realised. (3) Greater restrictions should be applied to ensure the most damaging fishing techniques (e.g. bottom trawling and dredging) are prohibited as appropriate in the network of marine protected areas. Protection should be enforced to promote the regeneration of degraded habitats and restoration of fish populations to help achieve the objectives as set out in the Act.

Assessment of octopus fisheries management based on fishing technique domain by EAFM (ecosystem approach to fisheries management) in Tarupa Island

The increase in the utilization of octopus fishery has made it one of the main commodities of the national fisheries sub-sector. One of the areas that make octopus the main commodity for fishing targets is located on Tarupa Island, Selayar Islands Regency. However, with the increasing market demand for octopuses, the pressure on catching octopus will increase so that it is feared that it will disrupt the octopus's own resources. This study aims to evaluate the management status of octopus fisheries on Tarupa Island using the EAFM (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management) approach in the domain of fishing techniques. The assessment of fisheries management in this study uses a method that refers to the NWG EAFM (National Working Group Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management) module. In these various methods, the types of data taken are primary data and secondary data. Analysis of the data used an ordinal-based Likert scoring with scoring assessments of 1, 2, and 3. The greater the value, the better the EAFM fisheries management. The results showed that the management of octopus fisheries on Tarupa Island, Selayar Islands Regency based on the EAFM assessment in the fishing technique domain obtained a composite value of 92 with the category of Very Good status. The majority of all indicators get the maximum scoring value, only the fishery crew certification indicator by the regulations obtains the minimum scoring value

Fish Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

Fish detection in shallow water conditions or close to the bottom poses specific challenges, which often can hardly be addressed using typical acoustical or optical means. This significantly limits the possibilities of fish population monitoring and the use of fish detection for optimizing fishing techniques in such environments. Here, we investigate the potential of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a remote-sensing technique for fish detection, to address this issue. The approach utilizes a set of electrodes to generate a low-intensity alternating electric current through water and to measure the impedance. We conducted a number of experiments in which a fish was swimming in a glass tank. We measured changes in impedance at different frequencies, using different electrode arrangements, while simultaneously tracking the fish position with a pair of cameras. We also created numerical models of the experimental setup using the finite-element method. The results of simulations were compared to the experimental data to test the accuracy of predictions and to determine if such a model could be a useful tool for designing detection setups for specific environmental conditions. We measured the robustness of the system to the presence of air bubbles as a potential source of disturbances. Our results show a clear correlation between the observed drops in both real and imaginary parts of the measured impedance and the position of the fish. Model simulations showed qualitatively and quantitatively similar results, indicating that such models could be suitable for practical applications.

Perubahan BunyiBahasa pada Tuturan Anak Balita di Paud Beriuk Tinjal Lombok Timur: Kajian Fonologi

This research aims to knowing what language sounds are used and the process of sound change in the toddler speech. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data sources this research is five children aged two to three years. The method used in the data collection stage is the listening method with fishing technique, note-taking technique, engagement listening technique and recording technique. The method used to analyze the data is match method and agih method. The presentation of the result of data analysis is carried out by formal methods and informal methods. In this research it was found the acquisition of vowels and consonants in children aged 2-3 years has a different amount of sounds. At the age of two years and one month, get 16 vowels and consonants sounds, videlicet [c], [d], [h], [n], [m], [p], [t], [w], [y], [ a], [i], [u], [?], [?], [o], [?]; At the age of two years and three months, get 20 vowels and consonants sounds, videlicet [b], [c], [d], [g], [h], [k], [l], [m], [n], [ p], [t], [w], [y], [a], [i], [u], [?], [?], [o], [?]; and at the age of two years and five months, get 22 vowels and consonants sounds, videlicet [b], [c], [d], [g], [h], [j], [k], [l], [m], [n], [p], [s], [t], [w], [y], [a], [i], [u], [?], [?], [o], [?]; At the age of two years and eight months, there is 23 vowels and consonants soundas, videlicet [b], [c], [d], [g], [h], [j], [k], [l], [m], [n], [p], [s], [t], [w], [y], [a], [i], [u], [?], [?], [o], [?], [?]; whereas at the age of three years, get 23 vowels and consonant sounds, namely [b], [c], [d], [g], [h], [j], [k], [l], [m], [n], [p], [s], [t], [w], [y], [a], [i], [u], [?], [?], [o], [?], and [?]. The acquisition sounds which is still not mastered 2-3 years old children are [r] and [z].

Investigation of 13q14.3 deletion by cytogenetic analysis and FISH technique and miRNA-15a and miRNA-16-1 by real time PCR in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The most frequent cytogenetic aberration is 13q14.3 deletion in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). HsamiR-15a/hsa-miR-16-1 are tumor suppressor miRNAs encoded from 13q14.3 region. The aim of this study was to investigate the 13q14.3 deletion using molecular and cytogenetic techniques and association with miRNA-15a/miRNA-16-1. We used peripheral blood samples of 30 CLL patients who were either induced and or non-induced with DSP30+IL-2 to determine 13q14.3 deletion by karyotyping and iFISH. Expression levels of hsa-miR-15a/miR-16-1 were measured using qRT PCR and compared with deletions. 13q14.3 deletion was detected in 8.6% of cases by karyotyping and in 65% by iFISH. Mosaic forms (monoallelic+biallelic) were observed in 50% of cases. Besides determining common chromosome abnormalities such as add(2)(q37), t(2;7) (p11.2;q22), del(6)(q13q21), del(6)(q25), add(9)(q21), del(11)(q23), t(11;14)(q13;q32), del(13)(q11q12), del(13)(q12q14), add(14) (q23), del(14)(q23), t(14;19)(q32;q13.1), del(15)(q23), del(17)(p12), t(18;22)(q21;q11.2), add(21)(p13) and t(17;21)(q11.2;122), we also determined t(1;13)(q32;q34), inv(2)(p25q21), del(13)(q22q32), t(14;19)(q24;q13), dup(17)(q21q23), der(21;21)(p13;p13) which have not been reported previously. Mitotic index data was found statistically significant and DSP30+IL-2 increased mitotic index by 2.5 folds. Association between decreased miR-16-1 expression and deletions was statistically significant. We suggest that cytogenetic and iFISH analyses are complementary and use of DSP30+IL-2 is effective .in CLL. Decreased expression of hsa-miR-16-1 is remarkable.

Evidence of illegal fishing within the largest Brazilian coastal MPA: Turning a blind eye to the obvious

Illegal fishing is a growing threat to aquatic biodiversity and as a result, marine protected areas (MPAs) have arisen as a suitable alternative for the protection of imperiled biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to map out and analyze the movements of illegal fishing vessels which operate within Área de Proteç ão Ambiental Costa dos Corais (APACC), the largest Brazilian coastal MPA. A dataset from the National Program for Tracking Fishing Vessels by Satellite (PREPS) was used to detect the fishing vessels navigating the waters within the APACC over the period 2013–2020. We performed spatial density analysis with the aim of finding the most widely recorded hotspot regions of illegal fishing and also evaluated whether the illegal lobster-fishing occurred within or outside the fishing seasons. We found that there were 62 fishing vessels operating within the APACC and that 19 of them were engaged in some form of fishing activity in this area. Over the years 2013 and 2020, there were a total number of 15,353 detections (63.9% of the detections were identified as being potentially illegal). Fishing activities were defined as illegal when they occurred during the closed season, within an area where fishing is prohibited, or within less than 4 nautical miles from the coast. These fisheries mainly affect species with economic value, such as lobsters, snappers and groupers, and often involve the use of diving air compressors as a fishing technique. It is thus necessary to design better monitoring systems of these fishing fleets to prevent any conflicts over their operations and ensure an effective conservation of biodiversity.

Divergent subgenome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus calcaratus

Allopolyploid genomes are divided into compartments called subgenomes that are derived from lower ploidy ancestors. In African clawed frogs of the subgenus Xenopus (genus Xenopus), allotetraploid species have two subgenomes (L and S) with morphologically distinct homoeologous chromosomes. In allotetraploid species of the sister subgenus Silurana, independently evolved subgenomes also exist, but their cytogenetics has not been investigated in detail. We used a diverse suite of cytogenetic and molecular FISH techniques on an allotetraploid species in Silurana—Xenopus calcaratus—to explore evolutionary dynamics of chromosome morphology and rearrangements. We find that the subgenomes of X. calcaratus have distinctive characteristics, with a more conserved a-subgenome resembling the closely related genome of the diploid species X. tropicalis, and a more rapidly evolving b-subgenome having more pronounced changes in chromosome structure, including diverged heterochromatic blocks, repetitive sequences, and deletion of a nucleolar secondary constriction. Based on these cytogenetic differences, we propose a chromosome nomenclature for X. calcaratus that may apply to other allotetraploids in subgenus Silurana, depending on as yet unresolved details of their evolutionary origins. These findings highlight the potential for large-scale asymmetry in subgenome evolution following allopolyploidization.

Experimental evidence of the impact of framing of actors and victims in conservation narratives.

Media narratives play a crucial role in framing marine conservation dilemmas by depicting human actors, such as fish consumers or the fishing industry, as responsible for negative effects of their actions on species and ecosystems. However, there is little evidence documenting how such narratives affect preferences for reducing bycatch. Behavioral science research shows that people can act less prosocially when more actors are responsible for a collective outcome (responsibility diffusion effect) and when more victims need to be helped (compassion fade effect); thus, the media's framing of actors and victims may have a significant effect on preferences. We conducted the first test of responsibility diffusion and compassion fade in a marine context in an online experiment (1548 participants in the United Kingdom). In 9 media narratives, we varied the type of actors responsible for fisheries bycatch (e.g., consumers and industry) and victims (e.g., a single species, multiple species, and ecosystems) in media narratives and determined the effects of the narratives on participants' support for bycatch policies and intentions to alter fish consumption. When responsibility for negative effects was attributed to consumers and industry, the probability of participants reporting support for fisheries policies (e.g., bycatch enforcement or consumer taxes) was ∼30% higher (odds ratio=1.32) than when only consumers were attributed responsibility. These effects were primarily driven by female participants. Narratives had no effect on personal intentions to consume fish. Varying the type of victim had no effect on policy support and intentions. Our results suggest that neither responsibility diffusion nor compassion fade automatically follows from increasing the types of actors and victims in media narratives and that effects can depend on the type of outcome and population subgroup.

HAOGUMI LEXICON: LOCAL WISDOM OF THE COMMUNITY OF GALOGALO VILLAGE, MOROTAI ISLAND REGENCY, NORTH MALUKU A ETHNOLINGUISTICS STUDIES (LEKSIKON HAOGUMI: KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT DESA GALOGALO, KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI, MALUKU UTARA SEBUAH KAJIAN ETNOLINGUISTIK)

The Galela ethnicity who live in Galogalo Village, South Morotai District, Morotai Island Regency, North Maluku Province until now still maintain and believe in the tradition of local wisdom of their ancestors, namely haogumi (knowledge and belief in catching fish). Haogumi is a traditional fishing technique that involves the community as the owner of the local wisdom tradition. Maintaining and preserving haogumi amidst the onslaught of modernization is a strategic step in protecting local wisdom in a society increasingly eroded by the times. One of the functions of haogumi is to maintain the natural environment and the behaviour of the people around it. This research aims to describe the haogumi local wisdom tradition contained in the community as knowledge and belief in catching fish. This article uses ethnolinguistic research through qualitative descriptive methods. The research results show that the Galela ethnic who lived in Galogalo Village once had a tradition of local wisdom in the form of haogumi . The traditional lexicon of local wisdom forms is: 1. haogumi ; 2. ok higaro ma ; 3. kugi ; 4. kota; and 5. bori .

Detection of 13q deletion in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its correlation to hematopathological parameters

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL) is a monoclonal malignancy characterized by an accumulation of small and mature looking B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow and other tissues, and is typically characterized by expression CD5+, CD23+, CD22 -, CD79b-, with weak expression of surface immunoglobulin (sIg). Two major clinical staging systems (Rai and Binet staging), that developed to estimate prognosis in CLL. However both these systems are unable to prospectively distinguish the rapidly developing patients from those appreciated to remain with a stable disease for decades. Several publications reported the prognostic important of 13q deletion in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 13q deletion is the most important cytogenetic abnormalities detected by Fluorescence In situ Hybridization in CLL patients and represent a good prognostic marker with 60% of patients alive after 5 years as compared with 27% for patients with a normal FISH analysis. Aims of the study: To investigate 13q deletion in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia by using FISH technique. To correlate the presence of 13q deletion with hematological and clinical prognostic markers including complete blood picture, absolute lymphocyte count, and modified Rai staging.