Harvested Fish Research Articles

Duration, day, and hour postmortem influence the color of farmed Atlantic salmon: Insights into phenotypic measurements

Fillet color of Atlantic salmon plays a large role in consumer purchasing decisions; however, color can be influenced by a variety of factors, including diet and genetics. In a breeding program, selection for color fillets relies on accurate measurements taken during harvest evaluations. The harvest of fish can take place over several days to several weeks, with a large variation in the amount of time taken to process a single fish which could impact the recorded value of fillet color, ultimately affecting estimated breeding values (EBVs) for genetic selection. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of the 1) day of harvest, 2) hour of the day, and 3) duration between entering the processing facility and having color assessed (using SalmoFan and Minolta Chroma Meter, i.e., redness or a*, yellowness or b*, and lightness or L*) on the recorded fillet color of North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and on the EBVs. A total of 10,380 animals with color measurements were included from eight year classes (2011 to 2019). The color measurements (Minolta Chroma Meter and SalmoFan) took place over an average of three days. The phenotypes of animals were fitted with linear animal mixed models in ASReml-R to determine the magnitude of time related effects on color traits, of which there was a significant impact on color depending on duration, as well as the day measurements were taken (p-value <0.05). Generally, longer harvest days, as the duration to process fish increased, the L* also increased, however, the opposite was observed for shorter harvest days. There was also a significant effect of hour of the day on SalmoFan scores in some year classes (up to a − 1.75 score difference over a 24-h period), where as the hour increased, lower SalmoFan measurements were perceived, possibly due to eye fatigue or other human-operator biases. There were moderate to high heritabilities ranging from 0.298 (L* in the 2018 year class) to 0.864 (a* in the 2014 year class). When days of harvest, hour of the day and the duration were not accounted for in the models, heritabilities for color measurements were generally lower than the models with these time effects. The L* and SalmoFan showed the largest changes in most year classes. The EBVs of color measurements for each individual changed between models where these fixed time effects were included or not, indicating that these effects have the potential to bias breeding decisions. Therefore, it will be essential to consider the duration, day, and hour of measurement when evaluating the phenotypes of individuals for unbiased breeding decisions.

Histological Based Environmental Monitoring of the Lower Nun River: Using the Histo-morphometry of Kidney, Gills, Liver, and Testes of Coptodon zillii

It is an ecotoxicological study aimed at using chemical and bio-monitoring methods to pollution status of the Lower Nun River (LNR) basin using the histo-morphometry of the Liver, Kidney, Gills, and the Testes of Coptodon zillii. Based on literature review on the environmental burdens of the LNR, the following Target Chemicals (TC) were chosen for the study: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb). The study involved the sampling of water, sediment and feral fish from two stations along the LNR, Peremabiri (PER) and Igbomotoru(IGB) – Experimental sites.Water and sediment samples were analyzed to ascertain the physico-chemical concentrations of potential contaminants, while the harvest fish organs of liver, kidney, gills and testes were subjected to histological study to ascertain the exposure effect. Control fishes were harvested from African Aqua-culture Centre (ARAC) – Reference Site. Analyzed sediment and water values were used to evaluate Environmental Water Quality Index (EWQI) and sediment quality, while the fish organs were analyzes and used for pollution certification and stratification. Study results showed that EWQI of PER was poor (41.9); sediment quality showed that Cr, CU and Pb were above the Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) for fresh water body. Fish from IGB showed worse lesion prevalence and organ histopathologic Index (Iorg) when compared to PER, with ARAC having the best outcome. The environmental pollution status (EPS) LNR was normal at PER and was slightly polluted at IGB. The study gave credence to the use of histology as a biomarker to assess sublethal effects of environmental stressors, and in determination of the pollution status.

АРАЛ ҚАЯЗЫНЫҢ (LUCIOBARBUS BRACHYCEPHALUS) ШАБАҚТАРЫН ҚОЛДАН ӨСІРУ ТӘЖІРИБЕСІ

This article presents the results of research to assess the growth of fingerlings of the rare and endangered Aral barbel (Luciobarbus brachycephalus) in fish farms in the Kyzylorda region. The research cover in detail the work on the cultivation of larvae in pond conditions obtained from individuals of barbel caught in the Syrdarya River in the territory of the Kyzylorda region. For research purposes, the characteristics of the pond and the water source in it are given, as well as a description of the tools for conducting control catches. The results of control catches of barbel larvae from the moment they were planted in the pond were analyzed to determine the growth rates of their main biological indicators. The deadlines and intervals of control work are also described in detail. In the conditions of the pond, the obtained results of analyses of indicators of the Fulton fatness index of barbel fry in comparison with representatives of barbel in their natural habitat are presented. During the results of growing barbel fingerlings, it was shown that the average weight of fry in the 2nd decade of September reached 15.1 g, and this indicator gives full opportunity to harvest fish planting material in the conditions of fish farms in the region.

The current state of industrial fishing in the Central Federal District of Russia and prospects for its development

The article considers a brief history of fishing and its current state in the reservoirs of the Central Federal District. For reservoirs and lakes of the Upper Volga and Oka basins, the dynamics of fish catch on average over the decades from the 60s of the twentieth century to 2023 are presented, and the dynamics of the species composition of industrial catches in these reservoirs is analyzed. The reasons that led to a decrease in the intensity of fishing or its closure in modern market conditions are considered. The description of the features of industrial fishing is presented by groups of reservoirs, depending on the area and volume of fish caught. The first group includes the large Upper Volga reservoirs (Rybinsk, Gorkovskoye), the average annual total catch in each of which exceeds 500 tons. The second group considers the reservoirs of the Upper Volga basin, in which 200–500 tons per year were caught during the Soviet period, and currently the volume of catch has decreased by an order of magnitude or fishing has stopped altogether. The third group of reservoirs includes small reservoirs of the Vazuz hydrotechnical system and cooling reservoirs of energy facilities, in which the volume of catch is currently less than 20 tons, but during their fishery development in the 70–80-ies of the twentieth century in the mode of «pasture fish farming» annual catches reached 100 tons. It has been established that the volume of industrial catch in most of the water bodies of the region has decreased over the two decades of the 21st century. The decline of industrial fishing in the Central Federal District is explained by a complex of socio-economic factors, the main of which is its unprofitability in market conditions, due to the low liquidity of most fishing facilities that form the basis of catch, the lack of the necessary number of catch processing enterprises and the cessation of subsidizing fish harvesters. The forecast of the further state of industrial fishing in the reservoirs of Central Russia is given.

PSIX-6 Algal oil as an alternative source of docosahexaenoic acid in feline diets

Abstract The global demand for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation by humans and their necessity in companion animal foods has raised questions related to environmental sustainability and nutrient content of fish oil. The combination of reported diminishing EPA and DHA content in fish oil and the forecasting of a significant decline in global fish stocks over the next decade make it critical to consider alternative sources of omega-3 fatty acids to reduce dependence on fish harvests. Cultured algal oil has been identified as a promising and viable alternative to fish-based oils. As such, the purpose of this study was to determine the inclusion level of algal oil in cat foods necessary to deliver the same serum concentrations of DHA provided from fish oil. Cats (n = 26) were first fed a control food formulated to avoid ingredients that contain long chain omega-3 fatty acids [ɑ-linolenic (ALA), EPA, and DHA] for 5 wk, to establish a baseline serum concentrations of these fatty acids. Cats were then randomized into two groups, and fed test foods containing either fish oil or algal oil in sequential increasing levels of DHA (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) for 5-wk periods each. Blood was analyzed for serum DHA and EPA concentrations after each of these feeding periods. A regression analysis was used to calculate a bioequivalence factor between fish oil and algal oil inclusion levels. There was no difference (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in intake or body weight between cats consuming diets containing algal oil or fish oil. Analysis of serum fatty acid concentrations showed that increasing fish and algal oil had no effect (P &amp;gt; 0.05) on serum linolenic acid, ALA, or arachidonic acid; however, increasing fish and algal oil did have an effect on DHA such that serum DHA was increased at similar rates as fish oil (P = 0.050) and algal oil (P = 0.026) levels were increased in the diet. Although increasing levels of fish and algal oil both increased serum EPA concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.001), fish oil increased serum EPA to a greater extent than algal oil when fed at all levels. Overall, these data indicate that inclusion of algal oil is a good alternative dietary source of DHA, but less of EPA, and that algal oil will need to be added to the diet in higher concentrations to achieve similar serum EPA concentrations as fish oil.

Analysis of stability and bifurcation and design of optimal control for phytoplankton–zooplankton–fish model with additional food and fish harvesting

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the dynamics of a four-dimensional plankton-fish system that contains three communities of plankton: non-toxic phytoplankton, toxic-producing phytoplankton, and zooplankton. The zooplankton consumes both non-toxic and toxic-producing phytoplankton. First, the positivity and boundedness of the solutions in the plankton-fish model are evaluated. Then, we derive the conditions for the existence of ecologically possible equilibria and their local and global asymptotic nature. Furthermore, we evaluate the criteria for the existence of Hopf-bifurcation and transcritical bifurcation. By applying Pontryagin’s maximum principle, we investigate the optimal control of fish harvesting, where fishing effort is taken as a control parameter. By using phase-space diagrams, time responses, bifurcation diagrams, and numerical analyses validate the theoretical results. The numerical results including maximum Lyapunov exponent verify chaotic dynamics of the system. We notice that a suitable choice of harvesting, phytoplankton growth rate, and additional food parameters can control the chaotic behavior of the presented model. The proposed novel mathematical model gives deeper insights to theoretical ecologists on how toxic-producing phytoplankton affects zooplankton and fish populations in aquatic systems. Furthermore, the proposed model is more appropriate for fish harvesting to maximize profit as well as species conversion in the presence of toxic phytoplankton.

Winkler Titration Assessment of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) in Oka Creek, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State

Aim: The aim of study was to investigate the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in water samples from the Oka Creek. Study Design: Qualitative study design. Place and Duration of Study: Water samples were collected from the Oka Creek, located in Toru-Orua in Sagbama Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study lasted for twenty days. Methods: Water samples were collected from four different locations and depths in the Oka Creek, Toru-Orua, Sagbama Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, at various times. Each sample was transferred into 250 ml bottles labeled L1, L2, L3, and L4. The temperatures of the samples were recorded before transporting them to the chemistry laboratory for treatment. Winkler titration method was employed in analyzing the samples. Results: Location L1 recorded the highest BOD value, 28.38 ppm, measured at sunset (25 °C), from a relatively stagnant region. The high BOD at this location is attributed to minimal photosynthetic activity and significant oxygen consumption by microorganisms. In contrast, L2, collected from the same region at 35 °C during peak sunlight, exhibited a BOD value of 21.76 ppm. The lower BOD at L2 is due to increased photosynthetic activity. These high values suggest significant sludge deposits, domestic sewage and agricultural runoffs, which could lead to oxygen depletion and negatively impact aquatic life. Sample L3, taken from a deeper, stagnant region at sunset (25 °C), recorded a BOD value of 4.50 ppm. This moderate BOD level suggests the presence of moderate sludge deposits and agricultural runoff, but higher water flow speed helped mitigate these effects. Location L4, with the lowest BOD value of 3.74 ppm, was collected during peak sunlight (35 °C). Deeper location and high water flow speed contributed to reduced BOD levels, indicating better water quality and a healthier aquatic environment. Conclusion: The BOD values at L1 and L2 (28.38 ppm and 21.76 ppm) exceed acceptable limits for fish growth. Conversely, BOD values at L3 and L4 (4.50 ppm and 3.74 ppm) fall within acceptable limits, suggesting healthier aquatic environment, as evidenced by the yearly bountiful fish harvests in these sections of the Oka Creek.

Perceived Effect of Fish Harvesting and Processing Methods on the Health Status of Fisherfolks in Cross River State, Nigeria

Perceived Effect of Fish Harvesting and Processing Methods on the Health Status of Fisherfolks in Cross River State, Nigeria

Impacts of flooding on rural communities in Bangladesh

Flooding is a regular phenomenon in many countries, including Bangladesh, causing severe damage to communities. Despite widespread impacts, most studies focus on a single community. This study examines the impacts of flooding on three key rural Bangladeshi communities: agriculture farmers, fish farmers, and fishermen. Data were collected from three flood-prone areas: Roumari Upazila (Kurigram district), Chauhali Upazila (Sirajganj district), and Char Bhadrasan Upazila (Faridpur district). The mean age of respondents varied across groups (LMM: F = 21.2, p &lt; 0.001), but not across study sites. The mean education level was 6.9 ± 4.9 years, with fish farmers having the highest schooling at 7.4 years. Monthly income varied across groups (LMM: F = 174.3, p &lt; 0.05). Most respondents (84.7%) received financial loans from non-government sources. Flooding negatively affected agricultural and fish farmers, who lost their crops. However, fishermen experienced a positive effect, with increased fishing days and duration, leading to higher fish harvests during floods (LMM: all p &lt; 0.05). The study also highlights respondents’ expectations to minimize flood impacts. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding the variation in flood impacts on key communities in rural Bangladesh and can inform effective flood management planning.

Fish production, water quality, and the role of nitrification as an ammonia removal process in intensively aerated hybrid catfish ponds

AbstractSix 0.1‐ha earthen ponds with 45 kW/ha of aeration capacity were stocked with hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus x I. furcatus) ranging from 15,000 to 90,000 fish ha−1 in 15,000 fish ha−1 increments to analyze the effect of nitrogen loading on ammonia accumulation and fish production. Minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was maintained above 3.0 mg O2 L−1 to prevent hypoxia‐induced appetite reduction. Stocking density did not impact survival but decreased average fish harvest weight and increased food conversion ratio (FCR). Gross production increased with stocking density and ranged from 7249 to 35,674 kg ha−1. Average total (TAN) and un‐ionized ammonia (NH3) were not different among stocking densities despite greater nitrogen inputs in ponds with higher feeding rates. Nitrite () and nitrate () concentrations were significantly higher in ponds with higher stocking densities, suggesting that nitrification increased with nitrogen loading. Phytoplankton assimilation of ammonia is the primary ammonia removal process in traditional catfish ponds with modest fish densities and feeding rates. However, in intensively aerated ponds with high feeding rates, nitrification can become an important process for ammonia removal. These data indicate that small earthen hybrid catfish ponds with high aeration capacities can increase catfish production without ammonia accumulating.

MARINE FISHERIES AND ITS IMPACT ON COMMUNITY: AN OVERVIEW

Marine Fishery is the harvesting of fish and other seafood from the ocean for commercial, recreational, and food purposes. Marine fisheries, resources provide animal proteins to billions of people globally. Marine fishery has a vital role in human development and welfare as it provides employment, production, and trade, and has a significant share. In the national economy. There are several types of marine fisheries, which provide food security, livelihoods and economic benefits to millions of people especially the coastal communities. Sustainable fisheries of the world, facing many problems, like overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change resulted in the depletion of fish stock and threat to the marine ecosystem. To get the long- term benefits and to reduce the pressure on marine fishery, conservation efforts i.e. sustainable fishing, marine protected areas establishment and enhancing aquaculture productivity are essential. Coastal area communities around the world usually depend upon the fishing industry for their food, income, and livelihood. Marine fisheries impacted on the communities in both ways i.e. positively and negatively. Economic and ecological impacts of marine fisheries on communities are significant. To mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive impacts of marine fisheries on the communities, the present project is undertaken to highlight those impacts by gathering the data about marine fisheries and its allied subjects from 1980 - 2024. In the end some suggestions are coated, like fisheries management practices, community-based management, and social responsibility initiatives, for better and sustainable fishery industry of the country.

Family Finansial Planning Strategy Fishermen in Sibolga City Central Tapanuli

The fishermen face two seasons, namely the fish harvest season and the famine season, where these two seasons greatly affect the income earned by fishermen. In the fish harvest season, fishermen earn relatively large incomes, while in the lean season, fishermen earn relatively little income so that fishermen need to have a strategy in carrying out family financial planning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial planning strategies of fishermen's families during the lean season and the fish harvest season. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods with the number of research respondents of 10 fishermen in sibolga and data collection techniques through in-depth interviews. The results showed that during the fish harvest season, the family's financial planning strategy was to save and serve as business capital. Meanwhile, during the family season, the family's financial planning strategy is a coping strategy by reducing daily expenses and increasing income.

DESIGN OF LPG GAS OVEN TECHNOLOGY AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE SALTED FISH PRODUCTION IN SUMEDANG, INDONESIA

Processing salted fish is one of the traditional ways of preserving fish carried out by the community when the fish harvest is abundant. However, traditional processing of salted fish is not always hygienic and can cause health problems if not done properly. In this context, Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) gas ovens are a technology that can help increase the productivity of hygienic processing of salted fish. LPG gas oven is a drying oven that uses gas energy to dry fish. By using an LPG gas oven, drying fish can be done quickly and hygienically, thereby reducing fish spoilage and damage. This research succeeded in designing and assembling an LPG gas oven and providing technical training to the community in its use. This will help increase peoples knowledge and skills in using LPG gas ovens to dry and make salted fish hygienically. Using LPG gas ovens as a salted fish processing technology can be the best solution to overcome excess catches that have not been sold on the market and produce more hygienic salted fish production. Thus, LPG gas ovens can help increase the productivity and welfare of the community around the Jatigede Dam, Sumedang Regency, who depend on the fish catch from Lake Jatigede as their source of livelihood. Another advantage of processing salted fish using an LPG gas oven is that it overcomes the weakness of traditional drying, namely when it rains suddenly, causing the humidity in the fish to increase produces salted fish that is more hygienic, free from dust, and free from flies landing which will produce eggs, which is the cause of salted fish worming and becoming rotten and wasted and overcoming the storage process, where some traders actually store it in the refrigerator, which is limited in nature and in ultimately affects changes in the aroma and taste of the product after being processed/re-dried.

Условия среды обитания, режим рыболовства и состояние популя-ции сига Coregonus lavaretus (L.) Топо-Пяозерского водохранилища (водосбор Белого моря)

This work is the result of hydrobiological and ichthyological work of the Institute of Water Problems of the North of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences during the implementation of various topics (governmental and economic-contractual) in the water area of the Topo-Pyaozersky (Kuma) reservoir. The main object of discussion of the article is the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.), namely the state of its population. Calculations of its abundance and biomass in the current study period have been carried out. Taking into account that the nature of commercial production and its unilateral orientation on the part of registered and unregistered fish harvesters remain at a high level, limiting the catch of whitefish should remain an indispensable condition for the preservation and stability of their biological resources. To carry out this catch, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures, in terms of more complete fishing on the main sections of the lake and the conservation of caught fish. As additional measures for this, it is advisable to introduce a ban on whitefish fishing in areas with the largest concentrations during the spawning period. Summary of all the above – whitefish fishing is currently being carried out against the background of a new man-made situation affecting its products, previously modified by other anthropogenic factors. All this exacerbates the problem of fisheries regulation, because other anthropogenic factors often turn out to be unstable and fluctuate (including dramatically) both by year and by season. For example, water levels during the spawning period may vary significantly due to the activities of the Kama HPP, determined by the interests of electricity consumers. As a result, optimal catch rates were calculated – up to 24 tons, or 21.7% of the value of the fishing stock (with a maximum withdrawal of 23.4%).

Fishers’ knowledge indicates that collective benefits outweigh the individual costs of coexisting with dolphins

Understanding interactions between small-scale fishers and endangered dolphins is crucial for informing coexistence strategies. We investigated the perceptions and encounters of 123 Amazonian fishers in the Tapajós River (Brazil) with two endangered freshwater dolphins, Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis. Furthermore, 51 fishers self-documented 2,013 fish landings over one year. All interviewed fishers reported regular encounters with dolphins during fishing activities, with landings and interviews showing a partial overlap in fish species caught by fishers and cited as consumed by dolphins. Fishers highlighted that only I. geoffrensis disrupts fishing activities, causing gillnet damage and stealing fish from nets. To avoid interaction, fishers refrain from fishing an average of 3.7 times per month, potentially leading to 14.8 to 18.5 % decrease in total fish harvest. Economic losses were reported by 63 fishers, totaling an estimated US$ 50.3 ± 30.1 per month per fisher, which is equivalent to three days of fishing income. The estimated bycatch of dolphins was 10 per year across the studied area (71 % from I. geoffrensis). While 86 fishers considered dolphins beneficial, 62 viewed them as harmful. Fishers who fish more frequently are more likely to consider dolphins “good”. The results revealed dolphins’ positive contribution to fisheries by reducing efforts and safeguarding fish, while causing harm through gillnet damage. Negative perceptions are linked to individual economic losses, while positive perceptions stem from perceived collective benefits. By emphasizing dolphins’ collective advantages in riverine communities, they can be a flagship species for conservation, leveraging their appeal and function as umbrella species for maintaining ecosystem functions, such as healthy fish stocks.

Tracing the geographic origin of Atlantic cod products using stable isotope analysis.

Increasing demand for fish and seafood means that the traceability of marine products is becoming ever more important for consumers, producers and regulators. Highly complex and globalised supply networks create challenges for verifying a stated catch region. Atlantic cod is one of the most commercially important species in the northeast Atlantic. Several regional fisheries supply cod into the trade network, of which some are at greater risk of overexploitation than others. Tools allowing retrospective testing of spatial origin would significantly assist sustainable harvesting of fish, reducing incentives for illegal fishing and fraud. Here, we investigate whether stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur can be used to retrospectively identify the catch region of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). We measured the isotopic composition of muscle tissue from 377 cod from 10 catch regions across the northeast Atlantic and then applied three different assignment methods to classify cod by region of most likely origin. The assignment method developed was subsequently tested using independently sourced, known-origin samples. Individual cod could be traced back to their true origin with an average assignment accuracy of 70-79% and over 90% accuracy for certain regions. Assignment success rates comparable to those using genetic techniques were achieved when assigning among restricted and pre-selected regions. However, assignment accuracy to the fishery region estimated from independent samples across the whole geographic range of cod averaged ~25% overall, highlighting the need for careful application of isotope-based approaches. Stable isotope techniques can provide effective tools to test for origin in Atlantic cod, but not all catch regions are isotopically distinct. Stable isotopes could be combined with genetic techniques to result in higher assignment accuracy than could be achieved using either method independently. Assignment potential can be estimated from reference datasets, but estimates of realistic assignment accuracy require independently collected data.

Isolation and Identification of Vibrio sp. from Marine Fishes of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Vibrio is a common bacterium found in marine fishes. Vibrio species are pathogenic to humans and cause various gastrointestinal diseases. Fish markets, fish harvesting areas, vectors like flies, seawater and sometimes fresh water bodies are the source of spread of this bacterium. Improper handling or pathogen contamination during transit has an impact not only on human health but also on the population of marine fish. Vibrio is known to be a human pathogen, the onset and spread of this bacterium causes severe diarrhoea. In this study, the presence of Vibrio species in marine water fishes was determined from fishes collected from various fish markets in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Various biochemical tests were performed to isolate and identify the Vibrio species. In the family Vibrionaceae three species such as Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were identified. Additionally, a survey was conducted using google forms to understand the consumption rate of fish by people and also to gauge the awareness among public about the bacterial disease caused by consumption of fishes. It was observed that a large number of individuals consumed various types of fishes including marine and freshwater fishes on a regular basis. People also consume raw fish delicacies. However, very few individuals were aware of the bacteria and its related diseases, most of the participants were unaware of the presence of bacteria like Vibrio cholera and its associated diseases.

Optimizing yard space for independent food security in Kebonbatur Village

Amidst economic hardships and rising staple food prices, the majority of residents in RT 01 RW III of Kebonbatur Village, Mranggen District, Demak Regency, who work as laborers and farmers, struggle to meet their daily food needs. This community service program aimed to optimize limited yard space by introducing urban farming using the BUDIKDAMBER system (fish and vegetable cultivation in buckets). The training covered equipment preparation, fish distribution techniques, feeding, water quality maintenance, fish harvesting, and vegetable planting using aquaponics methods. Intensive mentoring was provided to ensure practical implementation of the acquired knowledge. The residents' enthusiasm was remarkable, as they immediately applied the learnings in their respective yards. This activity successfully raised awareness and skills among residents in utilizing limited space for self-reliant food security, as evidenced by active participation, satisfaction with harvest results, and the opening of economic opportunities.

Fatty acid composition of selected fish species farmed in Biofloc system

Bangladesh is well known for the abundant range of fish. Though fish consumption and variety are very high in Bangladesh, the biodiversity has been alarmingly declining in recent years due to a number of factors including the country's rapid population growth, industrial water pollution, natural disasters, sea intrusion, salinity, overexploitation of fisheries, use of harmful gear, and dewatering of waterbodies. Given that 60% of Bangladesh's rural poor are functionally landless, lack of access to land and water for agricultural production, and rely, in part, on shared resources like fish for their livelihoods and food, the loss of fish biodiversity could pose a special challenge for them. Considering all of this, biofloc technology ensures safe food and higher productivity in high-density fish farming in a limited area by being sustainable and ageless. In order to satisfy the demands, more creative and effective techniques for growing and harvesting fish have been created as the fishing business has developed. Present study analyses the fatty acid profile of two commonly consumed fish species Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) and Systomus sarana (Shorputi). These fishes were farmed in biofloc system. They were fed commercial feeds and organic feed. Later the the fatty acid profile of both groups were measured. The organic feed group showed higher level of PUFA, omega 3 &amp; 6 fatty acid. Through biofloc technology it is possible to produce fish species with high nutritional level using minimum land and water resources. Sustainable food system can be developed through more research in Bangladesh. Bioresearch Commu. 10(2): 1592-1596, 2024 (July)

Natural Spawning Breeding Techniques Analysis of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the Fish Seed Center (BBI) Bolangan, Tabanan, Bali

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a freshwater fish species with a high tolerance to various environmental conditions. The present study aimed to analyze the seeding process of carp using a natural spawning method at the Fish Seed Center (BBI) Bolangan, Tabanan, Bali. The descriptive analysis had been used to analyze of the data collected through active participation, observation, and interviews. The carp natural spawning techniques at BBI Bolangan were conducted in an earthen pond. The breeding techniques include pond preparation, brood stock selections, fish spawning, larvae or seed maintenance, water quality control, disease control, and fish harvesting. Male and female parents in a 2:1 ratio were required for effective breeding. This natural hatching system produced up to 100806 eggs with a hatching rate of 74.4%, yielding 75000 larvae per female parent. After a week of care, the larvae have a 30% survival rate and are ready for cultivation in the following section (nursery II). We conclude that the Carp (Cyprinus carpio) breeding techniques at the Fish Seed Center (BBI) Bolangan, Tabanan, Bali are technically sound and feasible to apply.