Fish Eggs Research Articles

Potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of fish roe-derived extracts

The regular consumption of fish and its products has been associated with decreased incidence of inflammatory conditions. Indeed, fish present several antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds (e.g., high levels of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – PUFA). Therefore, this work explored fish roe derived from three different species, namely sardine, horse mackerel and sea bass, to produce new delivery devices. Aqueous and lipidic extracts were obtained using the Matyash method. Despite, the three aqueous extracts showed ability to scavenge peroxyl, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals, the ones derived from sardine roe were the most efficient. Thus, they were combined with sardine roe-derived lipidic extracts to prepare large unilamellar liposomes, designated as fishroesomes. The aqueous extracts, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators produced by stimulated macrophages, being these effects enhanced by its combination with liposomes. Consequently, the developed formulations could be promising natural options for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Industrial relevanceFish roe has been increasingly included in the human diet due to its nutritional value (e.g., high levels of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – PUFA) and health benefits. Therefore, this work used aqueous and lipidic extracts derived from roes of different fish, namely sardine, horse mackerel and sea bass, to produce novel, natural and safer formulations for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The roes-derived aqueous extracts obtained using the Matyash method demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in comparison with the negative control (without compounds). Due to the overall higher antioxidant activity of sardine roe-derived aqueous extracts, they were used in combination with the lipidic extracts to produce large unilamellar liposomes. These sardine roe-derived formulations presented notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, at non-cytotoxic levels. Moreover, a complementary action between the two extracts was observed. Thus, this study provides important insights about the value of roe-derived aqueous and lipidic extracts that can be used to prepare new pharmaceutical formulations with bioactivity levels compatible with their medical use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

An annual profile of the impacts of simulated oil spills on the Northeast Arctic cod and haddock fisheries.

We simulate the combined natural and pollutant-induced survival of early life stages of NEA cod and haddock, and the impact on the adult populations in response to the time of a major oil spill in a single year. Our simulations reveal how dynamic ocean processes, controlling both oil transport and fate and the frequency of interactions of oil with drifting fish eggs and larvae, mediate the magnitude of population losses due to an oil spill. The largest impacts on fish early life stages occurred for spills initiated in Feb-Mar, concomitant with the initial rise in marine productivity and the earliest phase of the spawning season. The reproductive health of the adult fish populations was maintained in all scenarios. The study demonstrates the application of a simulation system that provides managers with information for the planning of development activities and for the protection of fisheries resources from potential impacts.

Pipeline, Pathway, Burrow

Pipeline, Pathway, Burrow

The influence of salinity on egg incubation and early larval development of the flameback angelfish Centropyge aurantonotus

Larval mortality constitutes the major bottleneck in Centropyge species aquaculture. Marine fish eggs and larvae are sensitive to abiotic conditions variations, as salinity. Captive natural spawning of Centropyge aurantonotus were used to evaluate effects of salinity on eggs and larvae up to 72 hours post hatch (hph). Eggs were transferred from 33‰ to 10‰, 15‰, 20‰, 25‰, 30‰, 35‰ and 40‰ salinity, 27 ± 0.2°C. Buoyancy, water column distribution, incubation period and hatching rate were evaluated in eggs. For larvae, swimming behaviour, water column distribution, survival rates, standard length, yolk sac and oil drop volume, conversion rate of yolk sac in growth, pigmentation, deformities, mouth size and eye diameter were examined. The buoyancy was positive at salinities >30‰, positive to neutral at 30‰ and negative at <30‰. Neutrally buoyant eggs and larvae showed greater water column distribution than positive and negatively buoyant ones. Swimming behaviour was active in positive and neutral buoyancy. Incubation period was inversely proportional to salinity increase. Hatching rate was higher at 30‰, when compared to 10‰ and 15‰. At 10‰–25‰, deformities and high mortality rates of larvae were observed. Between 30‰ and 40‰, larvae of 72 hph showed no deformities, active swimming behaviour, higher survival rate (~87%), greater mouth size (~129.81 μm) and eye diameter (~170.1 μm) than 10‰ and 15‰. Salinities between 30‰ and 40‰ were adequate for rearing C. aurantonotus eggs and larvae up to 72 hph, 30‰ salinity increased their water column distribution and optimized hatching rate and adverse effects occurs at 10‰–25‰.

Global trends, biases and gaps in the scientific literature about freshwater fish eggs and larvae.

Syntheses of knowledge are important to reveal trends, biases and gaps in the scientific literature, indicating main data shortfalls and research needs. In this regard, the authors conducted a broad systematic review on the literature about freshwater fish eggs and larvae to investigate (a) temporal trends in the global scientific production, (b) the scope and habitat types, (c) the spatial distribution of studies, (d) the fish species contemplated and their respective conservation status and (e) the factors associated with the spatial distribution of studies. They analysed 654 studies published between 1950 and 2020. The number of studies has increased over time, but with a weak trend. Most studies investigated basic questions about biology and ecology and were carried out chiefly in rivers and lakes. These studies covered 95 freshwater ecoregions (22.3% of all ecoregions) and recorded 871 fish species (4.8% of all freshwater fish currently described). Most species were assessed by the IUCN and classified into six threat categories, but approximately 35% were not evaluated. The main drivers affecting the spatial distribution of studies were ecoregion area, road density, river volume and the number of hydroelectric plants. Results point to significant biases and gaps in the global scientific literature on fish eggs and larvae, especially associated with habitat type, spatial distribution and target species, emphasizing the need to address specific topics. Such biases and gaps indicate the existence of important data shortfalls, which compromise management and conservation planning, as information on fish eggs and larvae is basic and critical for the assessment of fish recruitment and population dynamics.

The spatial-temporal consistency of chlorophyll-a and fishery resources in the water of the Zhoushan archipelago revealed by high resolution remote sensing

Details of the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) distribution in the water of the Zhoushan archipelago were analyzed based on data from the panchromatic multispectral sensor (PMS) of the GaoFen-6 (GF-6). A new Chl-a inversion model was built using in-situ Chl-a and the green-red bands of the 2 m spatial resolution GF-6/PMS image. Combined with fishery data, the relationship between Chl-a concentration and fish resources were revealed. The results show that: (1) High Chl-a concentration area was mainly concentrated in the nearshore intensive islands waters, and Chl-a concentration changes obviously with the change of tidal currents. Chl-a concentration around islands increases, especially downstream of islands. Seasonally, Chl-a concentration is higher in spring and summer, lower in autumn, and lowest in winter. (2) The change of fish eggs and larvae in the water of the Zhoushan archipelago shows consistency with the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of Chl-a. (3) The interaction between tidal currents and islands results in the diverse currents (upstream upwelling and downstream vortex currents) around the islands, promoting vertical water exchange and the uplifting of nutrients, resulting in a high overall Chl-a concentration in the waters around the islands. The diverse flow conditions, the ideal nutrient-rich environment, and the abundant phytoplankton attract a large number of fish to gather and breed in the waters around the islands. (4) Chl-a of intensive island waters is an essential indicator for fish spawning grounds.

The configurational optimization of the artificial reefs based on the fish-egg dynamics

Artificial reefs are frequently employed in fisheries management to improve the local ecological environment and to contribute to the enhancement of fishery resources. The placement of artificial reefs can attract adult fish, but they also serve as a good environment for sticky fish eggs to hatch and grow. Fish-egg dynamics are highly dependent on the surrounding environment, which is greatly influenced by the configuration of reefs. The scientific design of the reef block number is significant from both an ecological view and economic view. This study sets up a numerical model to simulate the flow field and viscous fish eggs in a reef area, based on the mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann framework coupled with Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives. This model is verified by particle image velocimetry (PIV), which is a measurement technique for visualizing fluids by displaying velocity vectors in a two-dimensional manner, and obtains the spatial distribution characteristics of fish eggs with various configurations of artificial reefs. To achieve the best configuration of fish reefs in the applied waters, the economic cost and ecological function of fish reefs are balanced using objective analysis. This is a reliable and practical way to take into account capital efficiency and the impact of restoration when designing reef zones.

Succession of the intestinal bacterial community in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) larvae.

We investigated the succession process of intestinal bacteria during seed production in full-cycle aquaculture of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis). During the seed production, eggs, healthy fish, rearing water, and feeds from three experimental rounds in 2012 and 2013 were collected before transferring to offshore net cages and subjected to a fragment analysis of the bacterial community structure. We identified a clear succession of intestinal bacteria in bluefin tuna during seed production. While community structures of intestinal bacteria in the early stage of larvae were relatively similar to those of rearing water and feed, the bacterial community structures seen 17 days after hatching were different. Moreover, although intestinal bacteria in the late stage of larvae were less diverse than those in the early stage of larvae, the specific bacteria were predominant, suggesting that the developed intestinal environment of the host puts selection pressure on the bacteria in the late stage. The specific bacteria in the late stage of larvae, which likely composed 'core microbiota', were also found on the egg surface. The present study highlights that proper management of the seed production process, including the preparation of rearing water, feeds, and fish eggs, is important for the aquaculture of healthy fish.

Study on the spawning habitat suitability of four major Chinese carps in the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir

The upstream of the Yangtze River has abundant fish resources and is home to the four major Chinese carps (FMCCs), which are economically important fish in the Yangtze River that reside in the fluctuating backwater area (FBA) of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Their spawning habitat has been influenced by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) operations. This study investigated the effects of dam operation on spawning habitat suitability and the potential spawning sites of FMCCs, using a physical habitat suitability model combined with a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic numerical model. The habitat model was verified by field measurements of the fish egg density in the FBA, illustrating the capability of predicting the spawning availability of FMCC by comparing the habitat suitability index (HSI) distribution and the weighted usable area (WUA) with the simulation scenarios before and after the TGD construction. The habitat model was then applied to evaluate the effects of TGD operation on spawning habitat suitability and potential spawning grounds in the FBA. These results implied that the TGD operation had negative effects on spawning habitat suitability and produced temporal changes in the available WUA in the FBA. The predictions revealed that impoundment of the TGD decreased the suitability of the hydrodynamic factors. The main spawning period was delayed from April to May, and the variation in the water level induced by the reservoir operation scheme was likely the main factor. The HSI distribution in the FBA showed that the potential spawning grounds decreased to one site located in the Mudong-Luoqi River section. Furthermore, there was a rapid reduction in WUAs, accounting for approximately 18% of that seen in 2001 (before the TGD operation). The results of this study can aid in the management of the spawning grounds of FMCCs in the TGR and provide efficient methods for improving spawning habitat suitability, such as adjusting the pool level of the TGD during the falling stage.

Monitoring of ichthyoplanktonic community at the Doce River mouth and adjacent marine region in Southeast Brazil after Fundão dam collapse

In November 2015, the Fundão dam located in southeast Brazil collapsed, releasing approximately 50 million cubic meters of slurry contaminated with metals into the Doce River, reaching the marine coastal area. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of contaminated mud plume after the collapse on the abundance, composition, and diversity of marine ichthyoplankton during the monitoring period of one year. We also aimed to verify the impact of the Doce River discharge, meteoceanographic events, and environmental factors on the abundance of fish eggs and larvae.Samplings were conducted at 32 stations in November 2018, January, April, and July 2019. Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients and metals were assessed from samples obtained at the water's surface. Ichthyoplankton were collected at the surface and along the water column using a Neuston and a Bongo nets, respectively. Most of the eggs collected at the surface were non-viable in most sampling periods and areas. A total of 65 families were recorded along the study area, and Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Gobiidae, Carangidae, Labridae, Haemulidae, and Sciaenidae dominated. Average diversity and equitability were higher in samples collected along the water column. The influence of tailings was evidenced by the negative correlation of fish eggs and larvae abundances with some metals, and by the association of non-viable fish eggs with cobalt. In addition, periods of greater flow from the Doce River were related to lower mean ichthyoplankton abundances. Further studies are needed to monitor the continuity of the effects of the toxic mud and the possible changes it causes in the ichthyoplanktonic assemblages.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INSEKTISIDA DIAZINON DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP DAYA TETAS DAN ABNORMALITAS PADA LARVA IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)

This study aimed to examine the effect of the insecticide diazinon on the hatchability of fish eggs. The research method used a completely randomized design method which included 4 treatments with 3 replications, namely P0 (control) P1 (0.4 ml/L), P2 (0.35 ml/L), and P3 (0.3 ml/L). The test parameters included fecundity, egg hatchability, larval abnormalities, and water quality. The results showed that the highest fecundity in this study contained 10,357 items. The highest egg hatchability was found in treatment P3 with 0.3% higher concentration (79%) and treatment P2 had hatchability values (57%), P1 (40%) and P0 (44%). The highest abnormality was found in the P0 treatment (control), which was 0.03%. While the water quality at the time of the study was still tolerable by fish larvae.

Contamination of country foods by perfluoroalkyl acids in the Arctic

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals used in industrial and consumer applications. They are exceptionally stable and highly mobile in the environment, and have been detected in high concentrations in Nunavik Inuit adults. The study’s objectives were to study the associations between dietary profiles in Nunavik and PFAAs concentrations, and the associations between specific foods and PFAAs concentrations. METHODS: The study used data from the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey. Nine PFAAs congeners were measured in plasma samples, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA). Dietary profiles were identified using latent profile analysis. Multiple linear regression models regressed log-transformed PFAAs concentrations against the dietary profiles, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Elastic net was used to look at associations between PFAAs and dietary variables. RESULTS: We identified strong associations between the dietary profile defined by frequent country food consumption and all PFAAs congeners (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUdA, PFHxS, and PFOS) compared to the dietary profile defined by frequent market food consumption. Individuals with low consumption of all foods also had higher concentrations of all PFAAs congeners compared to individuals with frequent market food consumption. The associations were stronger with profiles defined by more frequent country food consumption, and particularly those with increased marine mammal consumption. Elastic net identified marine mammal products (seal liver, beluga misirak), wild birds (ptarmigan, goose eggs), Arctic char and fish roe as main exposure sources. CONCLUSIONS: Increased country food consumption was strongly associated with higher PFAAs concentrations, particularly PFOS and long-chain PFAAs congeners. The results provide further evidence that Arctic communities are disproportionately impacted by PFAAs, and further national and international regulations are required to protect the exceptional quality of country foods. KEYWORDS: PFAS; exposure; food; Indigenous

Hatching Rate of Koi Fish (Cyprinus Carpio) Eggs on Different Types of Substrates

The Cyprinus carpio koi fish is a freshwater ornamental fish that is excellent because it has a beautiful and bright colour. This study aimed to determine the best substrate for the attachment of C. carpio koi fish eggs and the success rate of hatching koi fish eggs. The method used in this study is the experimental method with description analysis. The treatments in this study were 4 types of substrates, P1 (raffia), P2 (brush), P3 (ijuk), and P4 (Hydrilla). The results obtained that the highest fungal exposure was found in P3 with a value of 358 grains, the highest hatchability was found in P4 at 94% and P1 at 93%. The highest survival rate in koi fish was found in the P4 treatment with a value of 92%. This study concluded that the substrate with the highest egg attachment was found in P4 (Hydrilla) and the success rate of hatching eggs was found in P1 (raffia) and P4 (Hydrilla) because both had no significant effect.

Characterization of vitamin B12 compounds from commercially available fish roe products

Characterization of vitamin B12 compounds from commercially available fish roe products

Study of Protein Concentrate from Flying Fish Roe Filament and its Application for Nutrified Rice-Corn Milk

One of the interesting marine products to be explored is flying fish (Hirundichthys oxycephalus) roes. The flying fish roe is usually called tobiko. The aim of this study is to extract protein from tobiko filaments using an isoelectric point approach, analyze their chemical properties, and apply them to the nutrification of rice-corn milk. Extraction of tobiko filaments using an isoelectric point approach resulted in an optimal pH of 8.5 based on the protein content (73.52 ± 0.07 %). Extraction under alkaline conditions (pH 8.5) resulted in a protein concentrate yield of 9.04% and an insoluble portion of 69.79%. That protein concentrate showed 15 amino acid, leucin (5.86 ± 0.01%), lycin (3.69 ± 0.02%), valin (3.41 ± 0.02%), isoleucine (3.33 ± 0.01%), threonine (2.86 ± 0.01%), phenylalanine (2.30 ± 0.02%), histidine (1.38 ± 0.01%), and methionine (1.21 ± 0.01%), glutamate (7.08 ± 0.01%), arginine (6.11 ± 0.01%), alanine (3.82 ± 0.01%), aspartic acid (3.75 ± 0.01%), serine (3.05 ± 0.02%), glycine (1.84 ± 0.01%), and tyrosine (1.46 ± 0.01%). The addition of protein concentrate from tobiko filament showed an increase in protein content in rice-corn milk so the purpose of nutrification in this study was successful. The best formulation is in the composition of rice: corn: protein concentrate (15:5:3%) with details of moisture content 65.07 ± 0.02%, ash content 0.50 ± 0.01%, the lipid content 0.28 ± 0.02%, the protein content 21.18 ± 0.02 %, the carbohydrate content 12.95 ± 0.02%, with a total energy 278.13 ± 0.03 kcal.

Food spectrum and analysis of Indian shad Rastrelliger kanagurta from Visakhapatnam coast, Andhra Pradesh

Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta is one of the commercially vital pelagic fish in east and west coast of India. The present study was analysis the food spectrum of R. kanagurtaat different stations of Visakhapatnam coast, i.e., Station 1. Bangarammapalem, Station 2. Rambilli and Station 3. Bheemunipatnam from July 2016 to June 2017. This species was found to be mainly feed on zooplankton goes to 37%, phytoplankton 26%, fish egg and larvae 10.5%, shrimp larvae 11% miscellaneous matter 9% and semi-digested matter 5.5% in case of males and females goes to zooplankton was 36%, phytoplankton 25%, fish egg and larvae 11%, shrimp larvae 11.5% miscellaneous matter 9.5% and semi-digested matter 7% was observed in this study. The study clearly explains that the R. kanagurta is a plankton feeder. The present results showed that majority of the guts are empty and range goes to 31-55%, followed by ¼ full was 11-26%, ½ full was 10.5-19%, ¾ full goes to 8-14%, full was 6-13.4% and gorged ranges between 2.5-8.5% in males in different months. In females it was showed that mostly are empty and ranges between 32-51%, followed by ¼ full was 15-30.5%, ½ full was 10.9-19.2%, ¾ full was 8-15%, full was 6-14% and gorged goes to 2.5-6.2% in study period. The feeding intensity was higher during August in case males and females and poor feeding during May and June and remain months are moderate feeding was noticed.

Concentrations of organotin compounds in aquatic biota in coastal waters of Johor, Malaysia

AbstractThe concentrations of organotin (OT) compounds, butyltin (BT) and phenyltin (PT), in aquatic organisms from Merambong and Tinggi Island, Malaysia, which differ in industrial and economic activities, were measured. Tributyltin (TBT) compounds among BTs ranged from 2.9–28 and &lt;0.1–21 ng g−1 ww in aquatic organisms from Merambong and Tinggi Island, respectively. Triphenyltin (TPT) compounds among PTs ranged from &lt;0.1–25 ng g−1 ww and &lt;0.1–61 ng g−1 ww in aquatic organisms from Merambong and Tinggi Island, respectively. A survey of OT concentrations among the species of OT compounds revealed that the concentrations of BTs and PTs in crabs and clams were high while those in fish were low. Correlation analysis with stable nitrogen isotopes suggest that OT compounds did not accumulate in aquatic organisms through the food web. The measurement of OT compounds in tissues and organs of fish revealed that BT concentrations in liver were higher than those in muscle and that BTs were detected in eggs of fish.

Diet and trophic interactions of Mediterranean planktivorous fishes

Diet and trophic interactions of seven species of planktivorous fishes: European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, European sardine Sardina pilchardus, round sardinella Sardinella aurita, European sprat Sprattus sprattus, red bandfish Cepola macrophthalma, damselfish Chromis chromis and bogue Boops boops were studied in the Bay of Marseille (North-Western Mediterranean Sea) from March to September 2017. Taxonomic composition and size distribution of prey were studied using stomach content analysis, and compared to prey availability determined by continuous zooplankton sampling at a fixed point. Frequently consumed items included copepods, decapod larvae and fish eggs. Comparatively, E. encrasicolus consumed more calanoid copepods (i.e. Centropages spp.), S. pilchardus, S. aurita and S. sprattus consumed more harpacticoid copepods (i.e. Microsetella/Macrosetella spp.), C. macrophthalma consumed more decapod larvae, C. chromis consumed more pteropods and B. boops consumed more benthic polychaetes. Sardina pilchardus consumed the widest diversity of prey. Prey size distribution and average prey size significantly differed among species. The prey–predator size ratio (PPSR) was highest for B. boops and lowest for S. aurita. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition of species overlapped, probably due to the ingestion of particulate organic matter from the same sources at the base of the planktonic food web in the Bay of Marseille. Furthermore, trophic niche overlap supported the hypothesis of potential trophic competition between Engraulidae and Clupeidae.

Study on stomach contents of sailfin silversides, Telmatherina sarasinorum Kottelat 1991, in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

The silverside sailfin, Telmatherina sarasinorum Kottelat 1991, is an endemic fish that lives in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi. The purpose of this study is to analyze the stomach contents of T. sarasinorum. The study was conducted from March 2018 to February 2019. Samples were collected using bag nets (with mesh size of 0.5 inches). The fish collected (N=2124 individuals) consisted of 1318 male fish and 806 female fish with a total body length ranging from 30.1 to 89.85 mm. Gastrointestinal contents were analyzed using Index of Preponderance (IP), niche breadth, and feeding overlap. The data was processed based on gender temporally and spatially. The results showed that the fish’s main diet was insects (IP 71.04% in males, 95.40% in females) and fish eggs (IP 26.04% in males, 3.71% in females). The value of niche breadth in males and females was low, ranging from 0.0005-0.2291 (male) and 0.0048-0.2295 (female) indicating that this species was a fish that specializes in utilizing food. There was a high competition for food between males and females which was indicated by a fairly large overlap value, which was 0.7767 temporally and 0.7725 spatially.

Application of Different Temperatures in the Incubation Process of Jurung Fish Eggs (Tor tambra)

The habitat of the Jurung Fish (Tor tambra) is generally inflowing rivers, rocky bottom waters and relatively low water temperatures. This study aimed to determine the hatchability of the Jurung Fish (Tor tambra) eggs with different temperature treatments using a tray in the aquarium. The research method used is the laboratory experimental method and the experimental design is a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications: A (control), B (28°C), C (30°C) and D (32°C). The results showed that the application of different temperatures had a significant effect on the hatching of the Jurung Fish (Tor tambra) eggs. The results of Duncan's further test analysis showed that the 28°C temperature treatment was the best compared to other temperatures. This study recommends that further research is needed on larval abnormalities at different water temperatures.