Fish Consumption Levels Research Articles

Seafood consumption patterns among coastal people in Ambon Island, eastern Indonesia

Maluku province is the province with the highest level of fish consumption in Indonesia. It exceeds the level of national fish consumption. However, the fish consumption level in Maluku province by the district is uneven. The recent data showed that Ambon City ranks last in the level of fish consumption compared to ten other districts in the province. Whereas local inhabitants who mostly live along the island’s coastal areas often claim themselves as “fish-eaters” because of their dependence on seafood, especially fish for daily consumption. This paper illustrated the extent to which claim or identification as "fish-eaters" among the coastal people of Ambon Island can be maintained or proven. Using field data from two villages in the Ambon municipality, the pattern of seafood consumption and distribution were described through household surveys and interviews. The findings showed that the level of seafood consumption was still high for lunch and dinner, which are considered as “heavy meals” compared to breakfast. The source of obtaining seafood was mostly from the community’s catch or harvest

SUPPLY CHAIN MODEL OF CAPTURE FISHERIES FOR FOOD SECURITY IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FOR INLAND COMMUNITIES OF WEST ACEH REGENCY

Fish is one of the main ingredients of food security for the community. The factor of high and low levels of fish consumption is influenced by the distance to the fish landing center. West Aceh Regency, Aceh Province, has a territorial structure that stretches from the sea to the mountains. The study focuses on the level of supply (both kinds of as well as buying public power frequency) fish to the interior, by taking a sample that is the community and fish traders in sub district pantee ceremeun, West Aceh Regency. The results showed that there is no guarantee that fish will reach the hinterland every day, the supply of fish will arrive if the fish caught in the landing center of Ujong Baroh, Johan Pahlawan District, West Aceh Regency, are relatively abundant and cheap in price, with a short supply chain. Margin level reached 55%. The fish supply chain from PPI Ujong Baroh which is the largest fish landing center in West Aceh Regency to remote areas which is 60 to 70 km away, so that the quality of the fish supplied is not fresh by dozens or about 45 fish agents (muge) using motorbike vehicles and tricycle rickshaws, with the difference in supply time occurring after 13.00 until 19.00 o’clock with an average fish price of Rp. 31.600 perkilogram. Purchasing power of the community fish range 1 to 2 kilograms per household per week. In order to strengthen food security community, needs to be studied potential development and freshwater fish farming opportunities in rural areas.

Fish and Complementary Feeding Practices for Young Children: Qualitative Research Findings From Coastal Kenya

ObjectivesTo assess the potential barriers and facilitators to fish consumption during the complementary feeding period in two coastal counties of Kenya with high rates of child malnutrition. MethodsThis qualitative study was part of a mixed-methods formative research investigation to examine the role of sustainable fish production and access to fish foods in coastal communities in Kenya. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with primary caregivers of children less than five years (n = 12) and community health workers and nutritionists (n = 8) in Kilifi County and Kwale County. Interviews were transcribed, translated and analyzed. A conceptual framework was developed based on the analysis to illustrate major factors and pathways influencing decisions to feed fish in the complementary feeding period. ResultsComplementary feeding practices reported by caregivers showed a low level of fish consumption in young children and delayed introduction of fish to the diet. Findings indicate that fish consumption was impacted by factors related to accessibility, food preferences, and caregiver’s knowledge and beliefs. Access to fish was driven primarily by cost, proximity to locations where different fish types were sold, gendered purchasing behavior and the seasonal availability of fish foods. In some cases, the high cost of fish outweighed positive associations or perceived nutritional benefits when deciding whether to feed fish to children. Caregivers’ knowledge, beliefs, and food preferences also impacted consumption, with mixed perceptions regarding the importance of fish as a source of protein and other nutrients. These direct factors were influenced by prominent community figures such as elder women and health workers, whose own beliefs and understandings were impacted by underlying cultural norms, potentially limiting fish consumption. ConclusionsUnderstanding current attitudes and beliefs toward fish consumption during the complementary feeding phase is a critical first step towards the creation of more effective policies and interventions that incorporate sustainable fish foods to address significant nutritional disparities that exist in the study population. Funding SourcesThis study was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Fish.

PELATIHAN KETRAMPILAN KREASI NUGGET LELE BERGIZI KEPADA IBU BALITA DAN PENYULUHAN GIZI UNTUK PENCEGAH KEJADIAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH GUNUNGPATI

Abstract: The danger of stunting threatens Indonesian children. The danger of stunting threatens Indonesian children. Stunting is when toddlers are shorter than their age, caused due to chronic malnutrition at 1000PHK from fetus to 2 years of age. The physical and brain development of stunted children is hampered and susceptible to disease, resulting in difficulty achieving. When adults are easily overweight so they are at risk of developing degenerative diseases. At the productive age, stunting children earn 20% less than children with optimal growth. Stunted children reduce the country's gross domestic product by 3%. For Indonesia, the loss due to child editing reaches Rp. 300 trillion per year. It is very necessary to prevent stunting, one of which is by doing the dedication to help mothers of toddlers provide nutritious food supplies to their toddlers so that they are healthy and have a good nutritional status so as to prevent stunting in their area. Fish is processed food that attracts and likes children (Widayani and Triatma, 2018). Reinforcement with a lack of attention to children's consumption, and often children eat only for pleasure. This is also supported by the low level of fish consumption in the city of Semarang (11.3 kg / year / capita which should have been 31.4 kg / year / capita). If this condition is allowed to drag on, toddlers will grow up to become children who do not like to eat fish so that the fulfillment of animal protein needs in the body is lacking. The aim is to provide nutrition education and training on healthy and nutritious catfish nuggets processing to prevent stunting. Methods of counseling and training for mothers of toddlers so that they are skilled at creating catfish nuggets. The nugget-making practice adds to the enthusiasm of toddler mothers. There was a change in the mindset of the mothers after the nutrition counseling activities and training in processing nutritious healthy nuggets. The mothers hope to be given back counseling and practice of fish processing and nutritious food on a regular basis. The hope in the future is that children will love to eat fish so that a nutritionally aware society will be realized.

Assessment of Fish Consumption Patterns amongst Students in Kwara State Nigeria

Fish is a nutrient dense food of animal origin commonly consumed across lifecycle. Different species are found across continents based on many factors with varying benefits of which health is key. The nutrition benefits of fish are not fully understood among youths as many consume other sources of protein for many reasons due to lack of information. The diverse reasons for consuming other sources of protein such as meat, eggs, poultry etc. need to be investigated so as to increase nutrition education among youths. This study was designed to determine the fish consumption levels among undergraduates, reasons for its consumption, and reasons for non-consumption. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among one hundred and fifty(150) students from Kwara State Polytechnic and one hundred and fifty-two students (152) of the University of Ilorin with a total of three hundred and two (302) undergraduate students. Respondents were randomly selected in each institution. Self-administered structured questionnaires containing both persona and dietary information were filled. Results showed that about 92.4% (280) respondents consume fish in any form; 57.2% (174) preferred frying to boiling; 53.5% (162) preferred mackerel locally called Titus in Nigeria to any other species. Fish consumption when cross matched with educational qualification indicates increase in consumption with education qualification. Respondents with National Diploma qualification (51.8%) consumed fish more than once in a week, this could be as a result of their environment or financial status compared with others. Nutrition education on fish consumption especially amongst youths should increase to enable them obtain essential nutrients such as iodine, omega- 3 fatty acid necessary for memory improvement. Hygiene and display pattern by retailers should also improve to make purchase and consumption of fish more appealing for the youths. Government agencies such as the Ministry of Health should educate marketers on safer ways of handling fish from farm to retail. Members of the public should also be sensitized on consequences of consuming unwholesome foods particularly with respect to risk assessment.

The technology of fish processing to improve nutritional status children under five years old

The general objective of the study is to develop a fish processing of technology to improve total nutritional consumption for children under five years old in the area around the Campus of Semarang University (UNNES). Specific objectives are included: 1) Making prototypes of technology processing freshwater fish based (FWF). 2) To analyse protein and calcium levels, 3) Identifying the level of fish consumption of the children under five years old, 4) To analyse the total nutritional consumption of children under five years old. The study used a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) of children under five years old in the area around the Campus of UNNES. Retrieval of consumption data was done using the Food Consumption Recall (FCR) method and nutritional status with anthropometry. The result of the study is to prototype FWF nuggets n sausage given to the children under five years old in the feeding group model. The protein content of FWF nuggets and sausage are 14.91% and 13.81% as well as calcium are 1.95% and 1.88%. The children under five years old 100% like FWF nuggets and sausage. Consumption of fish and total nutrition consumption in children under five years old is improved (p <0.05). The results of the research can be used to develop FWF-based of nutrition improvement program to support the GEMARIKAN programme.

Total Mercury (THg) Concentration in Indian Scad (&lt;i&gt;Decapterus russelli&lt;/i&gt;) and Torpedo Scad (&lt;i&gt;Megalaspis cordyla&lt;/i&gt;) from Southern Waters of Binuangeun, Banten

The high level of fish consumption was the main factor in the vulnerability of Hg exposure to the human body. The preliminary information of the total mercury (THg) concentration of Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) and Torpedo scad (Megalaspis cordyla) from Binuangeun fish auction in Lebak, Banten, Indonesia, was presented in this research. The objective of this research was to understand the distribution of THg in each organ of D. russelli (muscle, gut tissues, gonad, and eggs) and M. cordyla (muscle, liver, and gut contents). The results showed that THg in all samples were below the National Regulation limit from the National Agency of Drug and Food in mg/kg ww. THg gonad from D. russelli was showed highly significant (P &lt; 0.01) lower compare THg in muscle, gut tissues, and eggs. Pearson’s correlation from THg in each organ of D. russelli compare to total weight and total length showed that concentration of THg in gonad highly significantly (p &lt; 0.01) correlated with total body weight (r2 = 0.97) and total length (r2 = 0.96). M. cordyla was showed no correlation of THg in muscle compare to total length and total weight. The present study showed that D. russelli could accumulate higher mercury compare to M. cordyla and need caution while consuming this fish.

Consumer fish consumption preferences and contributing factors: empirical evidence from Rangpur city corporation, Bangladesh

BackgroundFish is the important source of animal protein and regarded as the second food after rice in Bangladesh. Fish consumption is influenced by consumer socioeconomic characteristics. ObjectiveThe specific objectives of the current study are (i) to find information on consumers' fish consumption levels; (ii) to assess the relationships between consumer's preferences and their socioeconomic characteristics; and (iii) to investigate the factors affecting consumer fish consumption. MethodWe surveyed a total of 128 randomly selected respondents from the Rangpur city corporation (RPCC), Bangladesh in 2019 using a semi-structural questionnaire. Main findingsThe average consumption level of fish per quarterly was 1.45 kg/person. Rui (Labeo rohita), Pangas (Pangasius), Hilsha (Tenualosa ilesha) and Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were the most frequently consumed fish species. Significant differences in consumption level were observed among the age categories, profession, gender, education, and income levels (p < 0.05). Most participants consumed fish more than once a week throughout the year and there was no seasonal impact on fish consumption. Fish consumption level was significantly and positively associated with education and income levels and negatively associated with age categories (p < 0.01). The stepwise multiple regression method elucidated 53.7% of the variance (p < 0.05) for fish consumption. ConclusionFish consumption in the RPCC is lower than the average consumption level in Bangladesh particularly for lower income people. Lack of proper knowledge on fish consumption value and high price appeared as the important barrier to increase the fish consumption.

Prenatal low-level methyl mercury exposure and child development in an Italian coastal area

Environmental studies have identified mercury pollution in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). High- level methyl mercury exposure is a known cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the exposure-effect relation at levels <10ppm is controversial. To assess the possible health effects of prenatal methyl mercury exposure through maternal fish consumption, we conducted an epidemiologic cohort study in a mercury polluted area of the Adriatic Sea. We identified all the children born between 1999 and 2001 to women who were resident in two coastal fishing towns. A comparison group was identified inland. A total of 243 children were enrolled. Their mothers were interviewed approximately two months after delivery to determine a variety of covariates and the type, quantity and origin of fish consumed during pregnancy. Total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were assessed in maternal hair and breast milk and in the child's hair. The children were evaluated after age 18 months with a physical examination and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II). Statistical analyses matched by residential area are not presented since they were not associated with fresh fish consumption, THg or MeHg exposure level or neurodevelopmental outcomes. To date 52 children have been evaluated. After adjustment for a number of potential confounders, preliminary results indicate that the fine motor adaptive score on the Denver Developmental test is inversely related to maternal hair THg. These pilot findings are suggestive of an association between children's fine motor skills and their prenatal methyl mercury exposure from maternal fish consumption. However, only a small number of the cohort have been tested and more extensive testing with more sensitive and specific tests is needed to determine if these findings persist.

Demand pattern and willingness to pay for high value fish consumption: Case study from selected coastal cities in Kerala, south India

Fishing occupies an important place in the economy of Kerala State, south India as a vital source of food and protein, avenue for employment and most importantly in the export market. Kerala’s population is basically a fish eating population where the level of fish consumption is four times the national average. The annual per capita fish consumption has increased from 15 kg in 1970s to about 23 kg in 2011. The high value fishes like shrimps, squids, seer fishes and pomfrets are massively exported due to economies of scale, thereby leading to limited local availability resulting in high domestic prices. The present study assessed the fish intake pattern across 600 middle income consumer households of urban area in the metropolitan cities of Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode in Kerala. The average family size was found to be 4.2. The study concentrated on income cum expenditure pattern, buying trend, hindrances in fish consumption and readiness to pay for high value fishes. Willingness to pay was figured out using logit model. The results indicated that the income and access to the selling points of fish enhanced the demand. The per capita montly fsh consumption was found to be 2.2 kg with low value per capita fish consumption estimated as 1.43 kg on an average, and the average high value per capita fish consumption at 0.77 kg across study areas. The fish food consumption pattern trends across the different study locales clearly portrayed that there exists significant demand for high value fish and fish products. Most local consumers weren’t aware about low export price and more than 50 % expressed their willingness to pay which indicated existence of a high consumer surplus. Results of the study stressed the need for governmental intervention in controlling fish exports thereby safeguarding local fish food security, replacing exports with local marketing; considering the demand for sizeable quantum and ample readiness to pay.

Factors that influence the level of fish consumption in Tabanan Regency, Bali Province

Fish is an important source of animal protein and unsaturated fatty acids needed for the development of children and to prevent several other diseases. The promotion of fish nutrition benefits (fish eating) has been carried out for more than 10 years by the local government and by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries through some activities. Specifically in Tabanan Regency, a fish-eating program targeting students and women of reproductive age has been developed in the area. Apart from these activities, no significant changes in fish consumption in the target group were observed and in 2017. Tabanan was ranked the second lowest in the Province of Bali for fish consumption, with a value of 15.25 kg/cap/year. In 2016, fish consumption by 17.46 kg/capita/year. Thus, fish consumption in 2017 has decreased by 2.21 kg/capita/year compared to 2016. However, considering that in 2019 macro data processing has not been carried out, this study will conduct micro data processing to determine the development of fish consumption in 2019 using representative respondents in Tabanan Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the level of fish consumption in Tabanan Regency. The independent variable consisted of age, education, occupation, status, and income, and the dependent variable was fish consumption. analyzed using multiple linear regression. This study involved 31 respondents to fill out questionnaires and interviews, as well as interviews with key informants in the district. Primary data were obtained through a closed questionnaire that was used to distribute data collection in addition to secondary data obtained from marine and fisheries services, as well as from district food security services. The analysis shows that age is an independent variable that affects the level of fish consumption in Tabanan. The age factor that affects the level of fish consumption has the highest percentage of samples at the age of 45-49 years which is 58.1% and a significance value (P<0.05). To realize programs to increase fish consumption that are more supported by the community, it is recommended to involve family heads aged 45-49 in the process of educating the community. Besides having a productive age, they also have insights that can be used as a way to facilitate education to the community and family. Thus, the realization of stunting prevention and handling program can be more resolved.

The Influence of Parents and Other Factors on Adolescents’ Fish Consumption in Selected Senior High School Students, Jakarta

Fish is an important source of animal food for adolescents because it contains various nutrients. Indonesia has high fish availability, but the level of domestic fish consumption in adolescents is still low. Lower fish consumption during adolescence will affect health status in the future. It is thus important to understand the various factors that influence fish consumption in adolescents. This study aimed to obtain information on fish consumption frequency; to investigate the associations between individual, socio-physical and environmental factors of adolescents and their fish consumption; and to examine the influence of parental eating behavior and support on adolescents’ fish consumption. Samples were chosen from adolescents aged 15-17 years. This study used a cross-sectional design. Data collection was obtained through filling out questionnaires, anthropometric data, and completing a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ). Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. The average fish consumption was found to be 34.1 grams/day. Fish consumption was significantly associated with attitude, preference, parental influence, and availability of fish at home (p&lt;0.05). Further analysis showed that parental influence was the dominant factor related to fish consumption in students. This means that various parties, especially parents, can take a role in increasing fish consumption in students.

Sosialisasi Gemar Makan Ikan Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 015 Teratak Buluh Kabupaten Kampar

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Indonesia as a maritime country, has diversity of fish and abundant fish production. The level of fish consumption decreases with the amount of meat on the market. The reduced interest of students in consuming fish is a problem today. Gemarikan socialization aims to campaign, inform and invite students to eat fish and to know fish diversification, and is expected to be able to increase students interest in consuming fish. Participants in this activity were teachers and students of SD Negeri 015 Teratak Buluh, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency. The methods used are lectures, question and answer, games and eating nuggets together. It is hoped that students will like to eat fish and consume more fish than before and students will also be familiar with fish diversification products.

PERAN SEKTOR PERIKANAN TANGKAP DALAM MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN PERIKANAN DI PROVINSI BANTEN

Food availability is the first step to ensure the food access and the food utilization, to realize the food security in Banten Province. One sector that can play a role in supplying animal food is the capture fisheries sector. The capture fisheries sector contributes around 50% of the fish production in Banten Province. However, the level of fish consumption of Banten societies is relatively lower compared to eastern Indonesia region. This paper outlines a comparative descriptive analysis of the opportunities and roles of the capture fisheries sector in supporting the realization of food security in Banten Province.

Dredging Contaminated Sediments: Is it Worth the Risks?

Dredging Contaminated Sediments: Is it Worth the Risks?

The frequent of fish intake can increase the chance of Child intelligence of aged 9-10 years in Surakarta

Background: Healthy, intelligent, and highly competitive children are the asset of a nation. Indonesia as one of the developing countries which level of fish consumption is still low, including children fish intake. Children fish consumption in Surakarta, Central Java Province has potential to improve. Growth and brain development persist in childhood and adolescence at 9-10 years. That age range is the beginning of the peak growth (growth spurt) that requires the intake of fat and protein to support the growth and development of the brain and fish is a potent food source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids.Aim: This study aims to analyze the relationship between fish consumption frequency and fish type with children intelligence level at aged 9-10 years.Method: The design of this study was cross-sectional involving 112 elementary school children grade 4 in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using questionnaires, 1 x 24-hour food recall form, semi-quantitative FFQ (Frequency Food Questionnaire), anthropometry, and intelligence level using Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT-2A) method. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression.Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis on the intelligence level of children aged 9-10 years showed that the frequency of fish consumption has a value of p = 0.170 and fish species has a value of p = 0.259, while confounding factors in the form of mother education and income of parents have their respective p-value of 0.011 and 0.171.Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between the frequency of fish consumption and type of fish to the intelligence level of children aged 9-10 years (p&gt; 0,05). However, the probability of subjects whose frequency of consumption of fish &gt;3 times/week to have intelligence in the intelligent category greater than 1.81 times the subject consuming fish ≤3 times/week, after controlling maternal education factors and income parents.

Current level of fish and omega-3 fatty acid intakes and risk of Type 2 diabetes in China

Whether fish and marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intakes are linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk remains unclear in China. We aimed to assess the long-term associations in a nationwide cohort. Overall 15,100 Chinese adults, aged ≥20 years, were included from China Health and Nutrition Survey. The cumulative averages of fish and marine omega-3 PUFA intakes were evaluated based on 3-day 24-h records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of T2D risk. Overall 1017 T2D cases were documented over a median of 14 years of follow-up. Compared with non-fish consumers, low and moderate fish consumption were associated with higher T2D risk whereas high fish consumption was not associated. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for low and moderate fish consumption were 1.43 (1.09, 1.86) and 1.42 (1.07, 1.85) respectively in men, and were 1.58 (1.22, 2.02) and 1.39 (1.08, 1.83) respectively in women. In meat substitution analyses, low and moderate fish consumption was related to 55% and 69% higher T2D risk for men, and was associated with 68% and 54% higher T2D risk for women, respectively. Fried but not non-fried fish intake was associated with higher T2D risk. Intake of marine omega-3 PUFAs was dose-dependently associated with higher T2D risk for both men and women (P-trend<0.001). Overall low and moderate intakes of fish, especially fried fish, and marine omega-3 PUFAs were associated with higher T2D risk. Current level of fish and marine omega-3 PUFA consumption is not protective against T2D incidence among Chinese people.

Moving Beyond Birthweight – Examining Developmental Origins of Disease Using Dynamic Postnatal Growth Indicators

TPS 691: Methods of measurement, design and data analysis, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 28, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background: Barker first proposed that low birthweight may cause cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Since then, clinical epidemiologists developed additional child growth indicators, such as peak growth velocity (PGV), that help explain how growth patterns influence later-life health outcomes. Simultaneously, environmental epidemiologists examined chemical influences on birthweight, including assessment of critical windows and mixtures. However, little is known about how chemical exposure may impact growth velocities. Objective: We propose linking methodological advancements in environmental and clinical epidemiology to investigate the developmental origins of health and development. Methods: We demonstrate this approach using data from 422 mother-child pairs in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and child Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study. First, we estimated timing of infant PGV using individual additive-logistic models with anthropometric measurements (body weight) from birth to 5.5 years. We then assessed PGV timing as an outcome variable in relation to prenatal PFOA exposure. The linear model was adjusted for sex, gestational age, mother’s age, weight, parity, smoking, fish consumption, and creatinine levels. Results: A doubling in prenatal PFOA levels was related to infant PGV occurring 25 days earlier among boys (p-value=0.02), but 38 days later among girls (p-value=0.01). Discussion: Compared to more complex growth modeling methods, the individual nonlinear growth curves were relatively easy to fit and allow characterization of dynamic growth indicators. In addition to PGV, and timing of PGV, velocities at clinically relevant age ranges may be estimated. These growth patterns can be flexibly modeled in relation to both upstream effects as demonstrated here with PFOA, and down-stream effects as classically demonstrated by Barker. Further, more complex methods for assessing mixtures or critical windows may be incorporated. This approach may help researchers further investigate how early life environmental exposures may impact child health and development, and the importance of childhood growth patterns according to Barker.

Evaluation of vitamin status of the population of the russian arctic according to the data on vitamin consumption and serum level

Aim. To compare the calculated data of A, B2, D vitamins and beta-carotene consumption with diets and biomarkers of vitamin status of 178 residents of Tazovsky and Gyda settlements of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. The actual nutrition was studied by frequency (according to the frequency of food consumption for the previous month) and 24-hour (daily) reproduction methods. Vitamin status was assessed by serum vitamin concentration.&#x0D; Results. A statistically significant relationship between serum beta-carotene level and its consumption with rations was established. There was no significant relationship between the level of fish consumption and vitamin D sufficiency.&#x0D; Conclusion. Vitamin intake data provide a framework to reveal deviations from optimal nutrition and to identify risk groups with vitamin deficiency, but they do not always make it possible to carry out an objective assessment of individual vitamin sufficiency. Thus, in individuals with a clear lack of vitamin A in the diet on the previous day before taking blood, blood retinol level was in the normal range.

Indonesian fish consumption: an analysis of dynamic panel regression model

The level of Indonesian fish consumption is relatively lower than other countries in Southeast Asian countries and Asia as a whole, while Indonesia is a large fish producing country which is one of the archipelagic countries with the longest coastline in the world. The research employs the panel co-integration analysis and panel-based Error Correction Models (ECM) to examine the short and long-term relationship of 31-province incomes and fish prices toward fishery consumption in Indonesia along 2010–2015. The research finds that fish price and income statistically significant affect fish consumption in short and long-term, except the income in the short-term model. Price and income elasticity for fish consumption is inelastic in the short and the long-term in Indonesia.