Fish Commodities Research Articles

Morphometric and Genetic Variations of Freshwater Eels (Anguilla spp.) in Poso River, Central Sulawesi: Implications for Conservation Strategies

The freshwater eel, Anguillids, is a valuable nutrition and commodity fish found in various freshwater environments. However, the world's population of Anguillids are declining because of habitat degradation, pollution, and barriers to migration, all of which are prevalent threats to freshwater ecosystems such as the Poso River in Central Sulawesi. Establishing conservation areas is one of the efforts to protect Anguillids and their habitats, which requires information on the anguillids morphometrics and genetics, where high morphometric and genetic variations are indicators of adaptation or evolution of the species to survive environmental changes. Therefore, the study aims to assess the morphometric and genetic variations in the Poso River, Central Sulawesi. Samples were collected along the Poso River in the range of May 2021 and August 2023 . Different fishing gears were used depending on the location and Anguillids’ phase of life. A total of 150 eel samples were used for morphometric analysis, out of which 38 were selected randomly for the genetic one. Genetic diversity analysis was performed based on the Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI). The study successfully identified three species: A. bicolor, A. celebesensis, and A. marmorata. The key characteristic distinguishing the three species was ADL/TL ratio. Most coefficients of variation of morphometric characters of each species were above 10%, indicating medium to high variation. A total of 11 haplotypes were identified, of which six belong to A. marmorata and five to A. celebesensis. Generally, haplotype diversity was low, ranging from 0.2923 to 0.9333, and nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0046. The low genetic diversity observed in this study is likely a result of the migratory nature of Anguillids. Morphometric and genetic variations can support restocking as a conservation strategy to bolster wild populations. However, comprehensive studies must be conducted to understand all aspects impacting Anguillid resources for establishing conservation areas to protecti their populations and habitats.

Artisanal Fishing and Fish Farming Networks in Colombia: Social and Solidarity Economy Contribution

Objective: To analyze social and solidarity economy (SSE) contribution aiming on associations and cooperatives, concerning dynamics of artisanal fishing and fish farming in Colombia. Theoretical Framework: This study values the contributions of New Economic Sociology (NES) and Convention Theory (French), based on analytical concepts of social networks, embeddedness, conventions and social construction of markets. Approaches to markets and the social and solidarity economy are connected to the theoretical framework. Method: This research is characterized as descriptive, exploratory and typological, therefore, with a qualitative emphasis. The typological construction of social networks considered eight qualitative variables that allow us to understand the nature of social networks in their interactions with markets, and associations and cooperativism contribution in the outlined social networks Results and Discussion: Four social networks were identified: one of them is related to artisanal fishing (artisanal fishing net) and three belong to fish farming, namely: fish farming network; fish farming in network “transition” and; commodity fish farming network. Social and solidarity economy is present in artisanal fishing networks, fish farming networks, and fish farming networks in “transition”, while associations are the most predominant manifestation, with practices that aim at improving productive processes and quality of life. Research Implications: To understand the contribution of social and solidarity economy of the artisanal fishing network and the three Colombian fish farming networks, regarding the strong spirit of fishermen and fish farmers for the practices of solidarity cooperation and to observe the limits and perspectives that can contribute to cooperative entrepreneurship. Originality/Value: Analyze the contribution of social and solidarity economy in artisanal fishing and fish farming context, based on the notion of social networks, which allow us to observe different patterns present on fishermen and fish farmers’ behaviors in their fishing enterprises and the role played by both Associativism and Cooperativism in different described and analyzed networks.

UJI KUALITATIF FORMALIN PADA IKAN ASIN JAMBAL ROTI DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DAN ONLINE KABUPATEN KARAWANG

As a district that has a fairly large coastal area, Karawang has considerable potential in producing fishery products. One of the leading fish commodities in Karawang Regency is the Manyung fish (Arius thalassinus) which is usually processed into jambal roti salted fish. One of the problems in the traditional processing of jambal roti salted fish is the lack of attention to aspects of sanitation and hygiene, so that the product is easily damaged. Misuse of preservatives from hazardous chemicals such as formalin is still widely found to overcome this problem. This study aimed to identify the presence of formalin content qualitatively in samples of jambal roti salted fish marketed in traditional markets and online markets in Karawang Regency. Jambal roti salted fish samples were obtained randomly (simple random sampling) from traders in five different traditional markets and five samples were obtained from online markets in Karawang Regency. Testing for formalin on salted jambal roti fish was carried out qualitatively using a Test-Kit with two replications. The results of the qualitative formalin test showed that of the 10 samples of salted jambal roti fish tested, none of the samples tested positive for formalin. Thus, the jambal roti salted fish sold in traditional markets and online markets in Karawang Regency tested negative and is free of formaldehyde, so it is safe for consumption.

Optimizing goldfish hatchery of the oranda variety Carassius auratus to improve cultivation performance at BSD fish farm

The business of cultivating ornamental fish is quite popular because its sales are profitable for cultivators. Ornamental fish also have attractive colors; therefore, many people are interested in this commodity. One ornamental fish commodity that is in great demand is the oranda goldfish Carassius auratus, which has a variety of colors, unique movements, and body shapes. The annual increase in market demand for oranda goldfish reaches 95,000 fish annually, and each year, there is an increase in the production of 3,000 fish of around 3% each year. This study was carried out in an effort to explore technical information on goldfish cultivation so that the information obtained can be disseminated widely and used as a reference source for the community so that it will add value to the benefit of improving sustainable welfare. The results of the study show that the technique of spawning oranda goldfish can be performed naturally using a substrate in the form of a water hyacinth. The average fecundity produced by one female parent oranda goldfish was 6429 eggs, with a presentation hatching rate of 74% and a presentation survival rate of 64%.

Menganalisis Risiko Bisnis dan Mitigasi Risiko Bisnis Pada Budidaya Ikan Lele

Catfish is a type of fish commodity that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, especially in Sampang district. Based on the results of interviews that researchers conducted with the owner of Sumber Rezeki Catfish Farming, Mr. Moch Yusron S.Pi., the researchers came to conclusions regarding the risk problem in cultivating catfish. Based on this problem, steps have been prepared to overcome the risks in cultivating catfish by business owners. From the discussion above, the author aims to describe the business risks and business risk mitigation that occur in the Sumber Rejeki catfish cultivation business which is located in the Gunung Sekar sub-district, Sampang district, so that from the research objectives that have been set, the researcher will look for more in-depth information using the method. descriptive qualitative research. The data analysis technique used by researchers is an interactive model starting from the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and finally drawing conclusions. The results of this research are to describe the business risks and mitigate the business risks of Sumber Rezeki Catfish Cultivation MSMEs in Gunung Sekar sub-district, Sampang district.

PEMELIHARAAN IKAN KOI (CYPRINUS CARPIO) PADA KOLAM BETON

Koi (Cyprinus carpio) is a type of fish that belongs to a strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Koi fans in Indonesia not only keep koi fish in ponds, but also take part in koi contests so that they can increase the prestige of their owners. Koi fish is a freshwater ornamental fish commodity that has economic potential in national and international markets. This research aims to determine the performance of koi fish cultivation in concrete ponds. This research activity was carried out in January-February 2024 at the Lingsar Fish Seed Center (BBI), West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The data collection techniques used in this research are descriptive methods and field observations. The results obtained are koi fish cultivation activities including pond preparation, selection and distribution of seeds, the grow-out process where the grow-out process includes feed management, water quality management and koi fish health management. Next, growth observations were carried out where growth for 21 days could provide significant results, which can be seen from the absolute weight and length obtained, namely 2.3 grams and a length of 3.28 cm. Then the FCR value obtained was 0.53 and SR 99.6%. Meanwhile, for optimal maintenance water quality, the maintenance temperature range is around 26-30°C and the pH is around 6.5-8.0. From these data it can be said that the koi fish cultivation has been successful

Efisiensi Kerapatan Tananaman Pakcoy (Brassica Rapa) terhadap Kualitas Air untuk Mendukung Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Nila

Asnan Ridoanrisna. Efficiency Of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica Rapa) In Maintaining Water Quality To Support The Survival Rate Of Tilapia. Under Guidance By Robin And Novita Mz. Tilapia is a freshwater fish commodity with high economic value. According to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), tilapia exports reached 12.29 thousand tons with a value of USD 78.44 million. Tilapia farming faces the risk of mortality which can lead to economic losses, one of which is caused by organic pollution. To address this issue, this research employs phytoremediation methods with varying plant densities to improve water quality and tilapia survival. The study was conducted with four treatments: A75 (plant density 75% of the aquarium surface area), A50 (50%), A25 (25%), and A0 (no plants), using an aquarium size of 60 x 30 x 50 cm³. Each treatment received chicken manure at 1.8 grams per aquarium and 40 tilapia fish per aquarium. Observations were made over 15 days in March 2023, measuring physical and chemical water parameters including DO, pH, TDS, temperature, and ammonia, as well as calculating the survival rate of tilapia. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the study found that treatment A75 achieved the highest survival rate at 62.5%. This result indicates that higher plant density in the phytoremediation method is more effective in maintaining water quality and supporting tilapia survival.

Length-weight Relationship, Condition Factor and DNA Barcoding of Bonylip Barb, Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842) in Dampelas Lake, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Dampelas Lake, also known as Talaga Lake, in Central Sulawesi Indonesia, lacks data on fish communities, especially biological aspects, including a wild population of bonylip barb Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842). Locally known as ikan nilem, this freshwater fish commodity is not native to Sulawesi. The purpose of this research was to analyze the length-weight relationship, condition factor and DNA barcode of the bonylip barb population in Dampelas Lake. Bonylip barb specimens (101 males and 78 females) were collected from Lake Dampelas during July 2023 using fish traps. The total length and weight ranges were 57-211 mm and 3-107 g. Length-weight relationships were W = 3×10-5 L2,8219 (males); W = 3×10-6 L3,2574 (females); and W = 1,1×10-5 L3,0176 (both sexes combined), indicating an isometric growth pattern. Condition factor ranged from 0.471-1.652 with similar mean values for males (1.01) and females (1.02). DNA barcodes for Lake Dampelas bonylip barbs nested in one of four O. vittatus clades, indicating a need for reviewing Osteochilus taxonomy. Most adult females had spent gonads, indicating seasonal spawning, with implications for developing an economically viable fishery which could also help control this non-native species in Dampelas Lake.Keywords: Cyprinidae, freshwater fisheries, growth pattern, introduced fish, mitochondrial DNA

Export Performance Analysis on Indonesian Yellowfin Thunas (HS 030342) in the United States Market

Tuna is a major fish commodity that has high economic value that dominates the export market of Indonesian fishery industry products. This study was carried out to analyze competitiveness, comparative advantage, trading patterns and trends of Indonesian tuna exports in the United States market from 2013-2022 using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and Constant Market Share (CMS). The results showed that Indonesia's RCA value is above one (>1) during the 2013-2022 period, meaning that Indonesian tuna has competitiveness, the RSCA value is also above one (>0), meaning that Indonesian tuna has a comparative advantage. According to the CMS analysis, Indonesia’s growth of standard exports to the United States is still lower than the growth of world standard exports to the United States so that Indonesia's export performance is still relatively low. The distribution effect of the Indonesian tuna market shows a positive value which means that Indonesia has succeeded in showing good product distribution performance to the market. The effect of commodity composition and the effect of competitiveness of Indonesian tuna shows a negative value so that Indonesia is considered to have not met the market and is less competitive.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CAPPA-CARRAGEENAN TO INCREASE TO RESISTANCE OF FRESHWATER CRAYFISH Cherax quadricarinatus TO Aeromonas hydrophila INFECTION

Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is one of the fishery commodities that has business prospects not only as an ornamental fish commodity but also as a consumption commodity. Disease attacks caused by bacteria cannot be avoided, so one of the efforts made to increase the resistance of crayfish by giving kappa carrageenan is to increase the resistance of the crayfish. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of resistance of C. quadricarinatus to A. hydrophila bacterial infection by giving kappa carrageenan with different frequencies which is effective for increasing lobster survival after challenge tests with A. hydrophila bacteria. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (RAL) with five treatments and three replications, namely control (without injection of kappa carrageenan), 1 time, 2 times, 4 times, and 6 times of injection kappa carrageenan. During maintenance, kappa carrageenan was given at a dose of 5 μg/g of oyster by dissolving 2.5 mg in 1 ml of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) and then injected into lobster as much as 20μl/head. on day 30, challenged with A. hydrophila bacteria. The results showed that giving kappa-carrageenan 2, 4, and 6 times showed the same results (P>0.05) on the absolute growth of crayfish. The survival rate of crayfish given kappa-carrageenan showed that the frequency of giving 4 times showed the highest survival rate. Water quality during the study consisting of oxygen 6.25 mg/l, carbodioxide 3.68 mg/l, pH 6.8, ammonia 0.17 mg/l, and temperature 26.9 °C showed that it was still in the range that was feasible as a maintenance media

ORDINARY LEAST SQUARE ANALYSIS IN ESTIMATING THE PRODUCTION FACTORS OF MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) NURSERY CULTIVATION IN TURI DISTRICT, LAMONGAN

Milkfish is one of the freshwater fish commodities highly favored by the community, as evidenced by the increasing market demand annually. The demand for milkfish nursery continuously rises in line with the expansion of milkfish enlargement efforts for bait and consumption sizes. Therefore, intensive engineering of milkfish nursery production technology is necessary to fulfill the nursery demand both in quantity and quality. This research aims to understand milkfish cultivation practices with the nursery production system in Turi District, Lamongan Regency, and analyze the production factors influencing milkfish cultivation with the aforementioned system. This study employs a quantitative descriptive method. Data collected include both primary and secondary data, gathered through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation techniques. The research findings indicate that factors positively affecting the income of milkfish farmers with the nursery production system include seed costs, fertilizer costs, and land area. This implies that the higher the utilization of these variables, the greater the income. On the other hand, labor costs and feed costs do not positively influence the income of milkfish farmers with the nursery production system.

The use of cold-pressed linseed oil in combination with white lupine, which has undergone barohydrothermal treatment, as part of compound feeds for Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The production costs of growing trout associated with feeding with intensive commercial growth is 50-60% of all production costs, therefore, it is necessary that fish feeding give a high economic effect. Currently, due to the high intensification of commodity aquaculture, the costs of the production of commodity fish are increasing, and, as a result, they increase its cost for the consumer. Combageum enterprises are forced to search for new highly effective components for the production of compound feeds that provide the body with the necessary nutritional and biologically active substances, as well as high-quality proteins and fats. To do this, plant components are introduced into the composition of compound feeds, among which plant concentrates occupy the main place - grain after various processing, vegetable oils, etc. In this work, the effectiveness of the use of cold-pressed linseed oil in combination with white lupine that has undergone barohydrothermal treatment (BGTO), as part of a compound feed for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), where linseed oil replaced 65% of fish oil, was investigated. The comparison was made with the formulations: without the inclusion of white lupine with 50% replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil and with pure fish oil. The use of linseed oil in combination with white lupine after barohydralthermic treatment has led to an improvement in fish-breeding and biological indicators, and has also reduced the cost of compound feed. The conducted hematological studies allow us to assert that there is no negative effect of linseed oil and white lupin barohydralthermic treatment on the physiological state of rainbow trout. The structure of the intestinal tissue in all samples had no significant morphological changes. The conducted research allows us to conclude that it is possible to replace fish oil in the composition of production feeds for rainbow trout by up to 65%.

Effectiveness of viterna addition to feed on survival and growth rate of freshwater pomfret (Colossoma macropomum)

Pomfret (Colossoma macropomum) is one of the freshwater fish commodities that is widely cultivated and widely consumed by Indonesian people. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of doses of viterna addition on feed to the survival and growth rate of pomfret. The method used in this study was an experimental method with four treatments and repeated three times. Viterna doses were PI: 0 ml (control), P2: 10 ml, P3: 15 ml and P4: 20 ml. The result showed that there was a significant effect on absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, and daily growth rate. While the survival and feed conversion rate did not have a significant effect. The highest absolute length growth result was P4=3.82 cm, while the lowest absolute length growth result was P1 3.01 cm. The highest absolute weight growth result was P4 9.88 g, while the lowest absolute weight growth was P1 6.40 g. The highest daily growth rate was P4 2.35%, while the lowest daily growth rate was P1 1.77%. From the results of adding viterna with different doses to the feed, the higher the dose of viterna given, the resulting growth has a better category.

Profil Pembudidaya Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) dengan Sistem Minapadi di Kabupaten Toraja Utara

Fish farming is an activity that contributes to family income and welfare, where fishery commodities are produced in a controlled environment by utilizing the principles of aquatic ecosystems. Carp is the most popular freshwater fish commodity, so many of them are produced using the minapadi system. Therefore, this research aims to describe the profile of goldfish cultivators using the minapadi system and its potential in North Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in June 2023 in 5 sub-districts, namely Tikala, Rantepao, Sopai, Tondon, and Nanggala, North Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Data collection was carried out using respondent interview methods and field observations. Determining respondents was carried out using a purposive sampling method and the number of respondents was obtained using the snowball technique, where data was taken from 85 carp farmers using the minapadi system. The results of the research show that goldfish cultivators using the minapadi system in North Toraja Regency are predominantly aged 22-55 years, with a high school education, several family members of 1-9 people and 67.06% of cultivators have not/are not registered with KUSUKA status. For the potentian goldfish farms, farmers have their own land ownership status, farm area < 10,000 m2 to > 10,000 m2, minimum production of 20 kg/cycle to > 100 kg/cycle, and income of IDR. 1,000,000 to >Rp. 10,000,000 per year.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCOME OF FISHERMEN OF SERAYA ISLAND BATAM CITY IN THE SPAWNING SEASON OF DINGKIS (Siganus sp.)

One of the fish commodities that has great potential to be utilized by the fishermen of Seraya Island is Dingkis (Siganus sp.). During the spawning season, Dingkis experience a high price increase of 5 times the price during the non-spawning season, namely IDR 30,000-60,000/kg. Therefore, Seraya Island fishermen take advantage of this opportunity because Dingkis fish only spawn during a certain season, namely January-February, which coincides with Chinese New Year (Imlek). The aim of the research is to determine the income of Seraya Island fishermen during the Dingkis spawning season and the influence of the price of Dingkis, the number of Dingkis fish caught, and the number of other fish catches on the income of Seraya Island fishermen. The research was conducted on Seraya Island, Batu Legong Village, Bulang District, Batam City in February 2023. Data analysis was used to answer the first objective, namely by calculating income, the second objective was to test the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable using SPSS type 26 software. The research results show that the average income of Seraya Island fishermen during the Dingkis spawning season is IDR 9,001,143/month. Partial test results on the number of catches of Dingkis fish have an effect on the income of Seraya Island fishermen. The price of Dingkis fish and the number of other fish caught have no influence on the income of Seraya Island fishermen.

ANALISIS PRODUKSI DAN DISTRIBUSI PEMBENIHAN IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio) BERDASARKAN SEBARAN KUALITAS SELEKSI DI OMAH KOI FARM INDONESIA

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) is a freshwater ornamental fish commodity that has important economic potential, both nationally and internationally. Breeding is an activity in cultivation to produce seeds which are very decisive at the next stage of cultivation activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technique and distribution of hatchery based on the distribution of quality selection of koi fish at Omah Koi Farm Indonesia. The test parameters measured were fecundity, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), seed survival, seed quality, and water quality. The hatchery process includes pond preparation, parent selection, spawning, hatching eggs, rearing larvae, harvesting larvae, stocking larvae, feeding, feeding seeds, harvesting seeds, selecting seeds, and managing water quality. The results of the Kohaku and Showa fecundity calculations were 30,000 and 35,000 items respectively. The FR value obtained is 90% and HR is 83%. The average survival of koi seeds aged 45 days was 81.67% with an average of 150 high quality (HQ) seeds, 450 grade A seeds, and 450 grade B seeds. The temperature range in the larval rearing ponds was 25-27 0C, the water pH ranged from 7.9-8.5, DO ranged from 5.0-6.0, and ammonia was 0.01.

EFFECT OF rGH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON PROTEASE ENZYME ACTIVITY AND RNA/DNA RATIO OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) MAINTAINED IN SALINE MEDIA

Striped catfish is a prevalent fish and is in great demand. Striped catfish cultivation generally uses fresh water as a living medium, but several freshwater fish commodities are starting to be developed to adapt to saline media. Harvesting striped catfish usually takes approximately 3 - 8 months. To overcome this, one way is to use growth hormone. The growth hormone currently used is Recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH). GH administration has been reported to have various effects, particularly on protein metabolism. In fish digestion, protein from feed cannot be directly absorbed but is first broken down by protease enzymes into amino acids. The physical appearance, which is the phenotype of an organism, is the result of metabolic processes in each cell that makes up the organism. This research aimed to analyze the effect of administering the rGH hormone on protease enzyme activity, RNA/DNA ratio, and growth of striped catfish maintained in saline media. The method used was experimental in the form of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. Based on the results obtained during the research, it shows that Protease Enzyme Activity (U/minute) and the best RNA/DNA Ratio use a dose of 3 mg/kg with respective values ​​of 0.75±0.24 U/minute and3.30±0.49.

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate in Artificial Food on Feed Utilization Efficiency, Growth, and Survival of Fingerling Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the leading freshwater fish commodities in Indonesia. The problem often faced by tilapia farmers is the low level of feed utilization, especially protein, which is still low, resulting in suboptimal growth. The glutamate content in monosodium glutamate (MSG) can act as a precursor for the formation of arginine and glutamine, which can increase the production of protease and lipase enzymes that are excreted into the intestines during the feed hydrolysis process, which is useful in increasing the absorption of nutrients in the form of protein and fat. This research was conducted using fingerling tilapia as a test fish with an average individual length of 6.59 ± 0.21 cm/fish and an average individual weight of 5.33 ± 0.27 g/fish. This research was carried out in an aquarium container measuring 40x30x30 cm with a water volume of 27 l and a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of MSG in fish feed on total feed consumption (TKP), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention, relative growth rate (RGR), and survival (SR) in fingerling tilapia. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments with 3 replications. Treatments A, B, C, and D are fed with the addition of 0 MSG in commercial feed; 0.75; 1.5; and 2.25 g/kg. Variables observed included TKP, FUE, PER, protein retention, RGR, and SR. The research results showed that MSG in feed had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the FUE, PER, protein retention, and RGR values but had no effect (P < 0.05) on the TKP and SR values. FUE value; PER, protein retention; The highest RGR was obtained in treatment D (2.25 g/kg); FUE (87.21±2.28); PER(1.83±0.05); protein retention (50.47±0.76); The RGR (3.06 ± 0.03) and survival value for all treatments were found to be 100%. The water quality during the research was in optimal condition.

Parasite in the Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) Landed in the Atapupu TPI

Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) is a pelagic fish commodity that has high economic value because mackerel is a consumption fish and is easily found in all sea waters in Indonesia. Mackerel is a fish that is hunted for consumption because of its high omega-3 content, so it is really necessary for us to pay attention to the quality of the mackerel from the threat of parasites that can cause disease. This research was being conducted to determine the distribution of endoparasite microhabitats, intensity, prevalence, and the relation between the length of the fish and weight of fish with the number of parasites. The research samples were collected from TPI Atapupu which was carried out from November 2023 to December 2023. The research used a descriptive quantitative method and the sampling method was carried out by random sampling. The total samples of fish examined were 50 fish species, R. Kanagurta (50 fish)

Detection of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicemia in Marine Fisheries Commodity Using Real Time–PCR at Fish Quarantine Inspection Agency Denpasar, Bali

Marine fish commodities in Indonesia, both exported and imported, have experienced a significant increase. This increase opens up opportunities for the risk of entry and spread of fish pests and diseases, both on an export scale between countries and between areas within Indonesia. One of the pathogens that is acute that can cause major losses is the virus. The virus that often attacks sea water ornamental fish is Viral haemorrhagic septicemia. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of VHSV that infects marine ornamental fish commodities using namely: necropsy, fixation, extraction, amplification, and reading of results. This research was conducted at Fish Quarantine Inspection Agency Denpasar, Bali. Based on the test results, VHS was found to attack six samples of marine fish species with codes namely NTC, BC 8.2, BC 9.2, BAR 8.2, 1252, NSR 8.2.