Fish Blood Research Articles

Effects of Metformin in High Concentrations on the Fertility of Female Sailfin Molly Poecilia latipinna

Metformin is a medicine that is used to treat type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study investigated the effects of exposing the sailfin molly fish to sub-lethal concentrations of 0.008 mol.L-1 of metformin. The results showed that metformin caused disturbances in the endocrine glands, especially the pituitary hormones (GTHs). Metformin increased the expression of the Fshb and inhibited the Lhb genes in the pituitary gland, which led to higher levels of FSH and lower levels of LH hormones in the blood of fish. These hormonal changes led to irregularities in the ovarian development of female fish, such as an increase in the first stage of primary eggs and a delay in the final stage of embryo production.

Effect of Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090 to improve gastrointestinal bacterial abundance, immune system and water quality in catfish farming

Abstract. ‘Aini N, Bachruddin M, Fatimah, Andriyono S, Wahyuningsih SPA. 2024. Effect of Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090 to improve gastrointestinal bacterial abundance, immune system and water quality in catfish farming. Biodiversitas 25: 2130-2138. Catfish is the most widely cultivated type of fish. However, along with the increase in catfish production as an effort to fulfill the fishery stock, there is an obstacle to the emergence of disease infection caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. For this reason, good fisheries management is required. One of the efforts to deal with this is by giving probiotics Lactobacillus casei FNCC 00990. Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090 is expected to improve the immune system of catfish through improving the blood profile of fish and increasing the number of lactic acid bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of catfish. This research aims to determine the effect of administering the probiotic L. casei FNCC 0090 on the abundance of microbes in the fish digestive tract, immune system, and water quality in cultivating catfish infected with A. hydrophila. The research design was a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were A (administering 5% probiotics and infected with 0.1 mL x 108 CFU/mL), B (10% probiotics and infected), C (15% probiotics and infected), KP (positive control with 0% probiotics and infected with pathogens), KN (negative control, without probiotics and pathogen infection). Fish are kept for 42 days; on the 35th day, the fish were infected with A. hydrophila by intramuscular injection. Probiotics were mixed with feed with a total of 108 CFU/mL. Data in the form of BAL counts and total bacterial counts of fish digestive tracts, blood profiles, and water quality were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics). The results showed

Hazards Associated with Plastic Wastes in the Communities of Niger Delta, Nigeria

The goal of this study was to investigate into the negative impacts that the presence of plastic waste in the communities located in the Niger Delta may have on the environment and human health. The following physico-chemical properties of the water, fish, sediment, and human blood samples were measured and analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate. Furthermore, an assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was included of the inquiry. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25.0. Standard deviation, mean, and percentage were among the descriptive statistical metrics used. Furthermore, inferential statistical techniques like Turkey's Test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the presence of this correlation within a 0.05 confidence interval. The study's findings showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) congeners came in 10, 9, and 11 distinct varieties in fish, water, and human blood, respectively. Therefore, it is essential to conduct routine monitoring to assess the effects that waste plastic is having on the aquatic resources and the local people in the Niger Delta. This will help evaluate how these environmental risks are now manifesting and how they affect public health.

Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test in Circulating Erythrocytes of Ctenopharyngodon idella Exposed to Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles.

The number of pollutants released into freshwater and marine environments has increased due to the widespread use of nanoparticles. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) were tested for genotoxicity in fish fingerlings of the species Ctenopharyngodon idella. For 7, 14, and 21days, fingerlings were exposed to NiO-NPs with each increasing concentrations of 2.25mg/L, 4.50mg/L, and 6.75mg/L, respectively. The micronuclei assay and comet assay were used to evaluate the DNA damage. The experiment revealed that with the increase in nanoparticle concentration and exposure duration, the level of DNA damage also increased. The experiment resulted to be time and dose dependent, and the damage was found as follows: 6.75mg/L > 4.50mg/L > 2.25mg/L against each exposure period. In terms of comet assay, the results showed that after 7days, the level of DNA damage in all the concentrations was highly significant (P < 0.001). Increased DNA damage was calculated at the higher administered dose of 6.75mg/L for 21days of exposition, followed by 14 and 7days, respectively. The second high toxic effect was observed in the fish blood at the exposure concentration of 4.50mg/L for 21days, followed by 14 and 7days, respectively. The micronuclei induction in the nanoparticle's administered blood could be detected only for a 7-day exposition period. Whereas for the exposed duration of 14 and 21days, the entire red blood cells of the grass carp were completely destroyed demonstrating the ability of the nanoparticles to cause anomalies in aquatic life.

44 Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of mannanase on intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs fed a low-cost formulated diet

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the nutritional and functional roles of mannanase on the intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs fed a typical or low-cost formulated diet reducing the inclusion of highly digestible protein ingredients. Twenty-four newly weaned pigs at 6.2 ± 0.5 kg initial body weight (BW) were allotted to three dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex and BW as blocks. Pigs were fed for 37 d in three phases (P1, P2, and P3) and weighed at the end of each phase. Low-cost formulation was achieved by reducing the use of animal protein (fish meal, poultry meal, and blood plasma) and processed soybean meal whereas increasing the use of soybean meal from 13% in typical diets to 28% in P1, from 15% to 32% in P2, and 20.5% to 35% in P3. Treatments were 1) control diet (CON, typical nursery feed), 2) low-cost formulated diet (LCD), and 3) LCD + mannanase inclusion (0 vs. 100 g/t of Natupulse, BASF, providing 800 Thermostable Mannanase Unit, TMU, per ton of feed). On d 37 of feeding, all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosal tissues were taken to analyze intestinal health parameters, and gene expression of tight junction proteins and mucins. Pigs fed LCD had reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall period and increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) fecal score during P3. The LCD decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) malondialdehyde and the gene expression of Zona occludens-1 (ZO-) in the jejunum and increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) serum insulin. The inclusion of mannanase in LCD tended to increase (P = 0.059) BW at d 37, increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) ADFI during P1, increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) ADG and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the overall period, reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) fecal score during the overall period, and decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) the viscosity of jejunal digesta. However, no effects were observed on intestinal immune response at d 37. In conclusion, feeding LCD negatively affected growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. The inclusion of mannanase to the LCD (800 TMU/t feed) mitigated the negative effects of lowering feed quality observed in growth performance by reducing digesta viscosity and fecal score.

Recuperative Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) in Catla catla After Sub-Lethal Exposure to Lead.

This research was conducted to validate the beneficial effects of incorporating dietary cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) powder (CzP) in alleviating lead (Pb) poisoning in fish. Healthy Catla catla individuals (16.36 ± 0.19g/fish) were distributed across 18 tanks in triplicate groups. The experimental groups were as follows: Control group: fish without supplementation or exposure to Pb; positive control group: fish without supplementation but exposed to 1mg/L Pb; 5g/kg CzP along with 1mg/L Pb exposure; 10g/kg CzP along with 1mg/L Pb exposure; 15g/kg CzP along with 1mg/L Pb exposure; and 20g/kg CzP along with 1mg/L Pb exposure. The trial continued for a period of 60days. Waterborne Pb had a deleterious effect on fish growth performance, body composition, blood profile, and digestive enzyme activity, along with elevated Pb accumulation in various tissues. Conversely, consumption of cinnamon effectively mitigated the toxic potential of Pb and enhanced fish longevity. Notably, 10g/kg CzP boosted growth, improved carcass quality, reversed blood indices, restored enzyme function in the gut, and mitigated Pb accumulation in tissues. In summary, the findings revealed that incorporating 10g/kg of CzP as a dietary supplement in C. catla aquaculture could effectively counteract heavy metal toxicity.

Evaluating efficacy of Pseudomonas sp. EN-4 to lower the toxic potential of 4-bromophenol and assessing its competency in simulated microcosm

An indigenous bacterium Pseudomonas sp. EN-4 had been reported earlier for its ability to co-metabolise 4-bromophenol (4-BP), in presence of phenol (100 mg/L) as co-substrate. The present study was undertaken to validate the efficacy of biotransformation by comparing the toxicity profiles of untreated and EN-4 transformed samples of 4-BP, using both plant and animal model. The toxicity studies in Allium cepa (A. cepa) indicated to lowering of mitotic index (MI) from 12.77% (water) to 3.33% in A. cepa bulbs exposed to 4-BP + phenol, which reflects the cytotoxic nature of these compounds. However, the MI value significantly improves to 11.36% in its biologically treated counterpart, indicating normal cell growth. This was further supported by significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations in A. cepa root cells exposed to biologically treated samples of 4-BP as compared to untreated controls. The oxidative stress assessed by comparing the activity profiles of different marker enzymes showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were reduced by 56%, 72%, and 37% respectively, in EN-4 transformed samples of 4-BP + phenol compared to its untreated counterpart. Similar trends were evident in the comet assay of fish (Channa punctatus) blood cells exposed to untreated and biologically treated samples of 4-BP. The comparative studies showed significant reduction in tail length (72.70%) and % tail intensity (56.15%) in fish blood cells exposed to EN-4 treated 4-BP + phenol, compared to its untreated counterpart. The soil microcosm studies validated the competency of the EN-4 cells to establish and transform 4-BP in soil polluted with 4-BP (20 mg/kg) and 4-BP + phenol (20 + 100 mg/kg). The isolate EN-4 achieved 98.08% transformation of 4-BP in non-sterile microcosm supplemented with phenol, indicating to potential of EN-4 cells to establish along with indigenous microflora.

Toward new biomarkers of cold tolerance: microRNAs regulating cold adaptation in fish are differentially expressed in cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Overcoming the negative effects of cold stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is of great interest for the overall aquaculture economy. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs may regulate mechanisms of cold adaptation in fish and could be potential biomarkers of cold tolerance in these animals. However, information on how microRNAs regulating cold adaptation in fish are expressed in cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive fish is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between a panel of previously identified differentially expressed microRNAs in fish exposed to low temperatures and their association with cold tolerance in Nile tilapia. To this end, fish were individualized based on their weight and length, and subjected to a critical thermal minimum (CTmin) test. Blood samples were collected before and after the CTmin test. After the CTmin, brain and liver tissues were collected. Fish were separated into cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive based on their CTmin results. Untreated fish were used as control. The relative expression of miR-9-3p, miR-135c, miR-9-5p, miR-30b, miR-122, miR-92a was assessed through qPCR. Additionally, qPCR was used to measure the mRNA relative expression of IGF-I and SCD in the tissues. Cortisol and biochemical parameters were determined in plasma samples. As a result, miR-92a was up-regulated in the liver of cold-sensitive fish and in the blood of cold-tolerant fish post-CTmin. miR-30b was up-regulated in the blood and liver of cold stressed fish. In the brain, miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p were up-regulated in cold-tolerant fish post-CTmin. Furthermore, miR-122 and miR-135c expression levels remained similar to the control post-CTmin. In addition, miR-122 and miR-92a were differentially expressed in the blood of cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive Nile tilapia pre-CTmin. Therefore, besides regulating fish cold acclimation responses differently in cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive fish, miRNAs may also regulate pre-existing physiological conditions that are determinant to cold tolerance in Nile tilapia. In the transcriptional level, SCD expression increased in both cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive fish post-CTmin. Cold-tolerant Nile tilapia post-CTmin had increased levels of plasma cholesterol and IGF-I mRNA in the liver, which could mean an adaptive advantage. The present findings provide new insights on the role of post-transcriptional regulation of cold tolerance in Nile tilapia. Furthermore, miRNAs differentially expressed in cold-tolerant Nile tilapia may be potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and aid in the breeding of cold-tolerant strains in this species.

Diets including l-carnitine and varying oil sources regulate liver and testes fatty acids profile and interfere with sperm production in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

This study aimed to evaluate seminal and sperm production, growth, health, and lipid metabolism of male silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fed diets containing l-carnitine and varying lipid sources. Herein, males and females (167.33 ± 9.24 g) were both fed across 223 d with eight (08) isoproteic (282 g of digestible protein kg of ration −1) and isoenergetic (13.34 MJ of digestible energy kg of ration −1) diets, containing 0.00, 0.15, 0.45, and 0.75 g l-carnitine kg −1 of feed, soybean, and marine fish oils. Feeding males with diets containing l-carnitine and different oils resulted in an interactive effect (p < 0.05) that improved sperm production. Furthermore, males fed soybean oil and 0.45 g l-carnitine kg −1 had the highest seminal pH and sperm velocities. Fish fed fish oil and 0.75 g l-carnitine kg−1 had the highest gonadosomatic indexes, sperm production, and superoxide dismutase activities recorded in the testes. The testes of these fish also showed increases in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 fatty acids, and higher n-3: n-6 ratios. The individual effect of oils produced viscera with more (p < 0.05) fat, in addition to having higher (p < 0.05) blood levels of albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alongside the lowest level of aspartate aminotransferase in fish fed marine fish oil. The individual effect of l-carnitine also produced muscles with less (p < 0.05) fat, in addition to the highest (p < 0.05) amount of total cholesterol with the lowest amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the blood of fish fed with 0.75 g l-carnitine kg−1. l-carnitine and oils in the diets promoted hepatic and testicular protection whilst regulating lipid metabolism and fatty acid profile in the liver and testes of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) males. These benefits led to greater sperm production when fish oil and 0.75 g kg −1 were used, and faster spermatozoa with soybean oil and 0.45 g kg −1.

Blood and Micronuclei Analysis of Tawes Fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) Correlation with Water Quality in the Boon Pring Ecotourism Area, Turen, Malang Regency

Tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) is a type of endemic fish that lives in the Boon Pring Reservoir, Turen, and Malang Regency. This study aims to analyze the water quality and blood profile of Tawes Fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) in Boon Pring Ecotourism and to determine the relationship between water quality and fish health through their blood profile using the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method. The results obtained after measuring the water quality during two samplings at both locations were that the temperature ranged from 21.7–27C, TDS 111–145 mg/l, TSS 2-4 mg/l, pH 6-6.7, DO 8–10.1 mg/l, BOD 0.44-0.98 mg/l, and ammonia 0.026–0.075 mg/l. Both locations are classified as having good or normal conditions. Observations on the blood profile of Tawes fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) are healthy and normal. The average number of erythrocytes was 2,586,667 cells/mm3, leukocytes were 60,500 cells/mm3, lymphocytes were 76.8%, monocytes were 1.4%, neutrophils were 3.3%, hemoglobin was 9.8 g/mL, hematocrit was 34.6%, and micronuclei were 12.3 cells/1000. The results of data analysis using CCA showed that all blood and micronuclei profiles of fish were affected by water quality parameters, both significantly and moderately to severely.

Hematological parameters of Mugil liza mullet submitted to different concentrations of formalin and freshwater

Lebranche mullet, Mugil liza is a species of high economic value for fishing. Despite the importance of the species, little is known about the effects of therapeutic baths on the hematological parameters of mullet. Such parameters are important tools for facilitating the early detection of diseases and illnesses that may impair the performance of the animals. This study evaluated the hematological parameters of mullet submitted to therapeutic baths with formalin and freshwater. For the experiment a total of 108 mullets were used, divided in groups of six individuals per tank. In this experiment, immersion baths were tested for 1 hour in freshwater (zero salinity), formalin at concentrations: 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mg L-1 in seawater and a control (without formalin and parasitized), in triplicate. After the immersion bath, fish blood was collected from the caudal vein for evaluation of hematological parameters. The blood was destined to erythrogram, leukogram, thrombogram and glucose determinations. The hematological analyses found significant difference in the number of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC and glucose. However, there was no significant difference in thrombocyte, total leukocyte, monocyte and neutrophil values. It is concluded that 150 mg L-1 formalin concentration and freshwater bath for one hour can be used for mullet as it causes mild hematological changes.

Вплив нематоди Eustrongylides excisus (Jägerskiöld, 1990) на організм бичка-пісочника (Neogobius fluviatilis Pallas, 1814), виловленого у нижній частині Дніпровського (Запорізького) водосховища

Purpose. To determine the specifics of the influence of the parasitic nematode Eustrongylides excisus on the physiological and biochemical parameters of monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) in the conditions of the lower reach of the Dnipro reservoir. Methodology. The work presents results of studies conducted in the lower part of the Dnipro Reservoir the 2020-2023 - in the village of Voyskove and village Mykilske-on-Dnieper, Dnipropetrovsk region in the summer-autumn period. Parasitological study was carried out using 780 monkey gobies. Fish were immobilized by destroying the medulla with a dissecting needle. The parasitological study was carried out by a complete anatomical dissection of the fish according to the method of K. I. Skryabin. Morphological characteristics of parasites were determined according to the guides of Bauer (1987) and Gibson (2008). Blood sampling for the preparation of smears was carried out at the place of catch. Blood was collected from the caudal artery by cautodomy. Blood smears were examined by light microscopy using a SIGETA MB-115 SE microscope at a 40x magnification. Morphometric study of erythrocytes was carried out with the help of computer analysis of microphotographs, which were made using a digital camera “Sciencelab T500 5.17 M” connected to a SIGETA MB-115 SE microscope. A Mindray biochemical analyzer was used to determine the content of total protein, albumins, globulins and glucose in fish blood. Findings. The study did not show significant differences in the hematological parameters of infected and healthy specimens of monkey gobies, however, deformation and undulation of the plasmatic membrane of erythrocytes were detected. Histological specimens showed structural abnormalities in muscle tissue and intestines. Biochemical analysis of blood showed a slight decrease in the total content of globulins and glucose in infested fish. Originality. For the first time, a comparative morphological and cytometric analysis of blood as well as histological and biochemical analysis in the case of nematode infestation of monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) under the conditions of the Dnipro reservoir has been presented. Practical value. The obtained results are important for the development of measures to limit and prevent the development of parasitic diseases among the ichthyofauna of the Dnipro Reservoir and can also be used in the practical activities of fish farms. Keywords: monkey goby, nematode, invasion, tissues, erythrocytes.

Оценка токсичности водного экстракта бурой водоросли Laminariocolax aecidioides с помощью lux-биосенсоров и микроядерного теста при его использовании в индустриальной аквакультуре

Extracts of brown macroalgae are widely used in pharmacology, cosmetology and the food industry, however, extraction of raw materials, on the one hand, undermines natural populations, and on the other hand, during plan-tation cultivation is an expensive production. The filamentous fast-growing algae Laminariocolax aecidioides is considered as a promising object for the preparation of extracts. It is supposed to use this extract as a biologically active additive in feed production for industrial aquaculture and therefore it is very important to check its toxicity on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The effect of the extract on prokaryotic cells was evaluated using Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 lux biosensors (pColD-lux - DNA damage and pSoxS–lux - development of oxidative stress), and eukaryotic cells – by registering nuclear anomalies in the blood of bony fish (micronuclear test). Testing was carried out on fingerlings of the African clary catfish, a promising object of industrial aquaculture. It was revealed that the extract of the brown algae L. aecidioides did not directly damage DNA and did not cause oxidative stress, but caused the death of bacterial cells in high concentrations (50 and 100%), while the results of the micronucleus test showed the absence of toxic effects of the extract in all experimental variants on eukaryotic blood cells of Clarias gariepinus, the frequency of micronuclei did not exceed 1.5‰. The number of micronuclei can reach values of 30‰ against the background of the absence of a genotoxic effect, therefore, it can be assumed that the range of occurrence of micronuclei in red blood cells of catfish, taken for the absence of a genotoxic effect, is 0-30‰ per 1,000 blood cells.

A combined experimental and theoretical approach for doxycycline sensing using simple fluorescent probe with distinct fluorescence change in wide range of interferences

Overuse of doxycycline (DOXY) can cause serious problems to human health, environment and food quality. So, it is essential to develop a new sensing methodology that is both sensitive and selective for the quantitative detection of DOXY. In our current research, we synthesized a simple fluorescent probe 4,4′-bis(benzyloxy)-1,1′-biphenyl (BBP) for the highly selective detection of doxycycline by through fluorescence spectroscopy. The probe BBP displayed ultra-sensitivity towards doxycycline due to Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Fluorescence spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT), 1H NMR titration, UV–Vis, and Job's plot were used to confirm the sensing mechanism. The charge transfer between the probe and analyte was further examined qualitatively by electron density differences (EDD) and quantitively by natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. Whereas the non-covalent nature of probe BBP towards DOXY was verified by theoretical non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis as along with Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis. Furthermore, probe BBP was also practically employed for the detection of doxycycline in fish samples, pharmaceutical wastewater and blood samples.

HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY IMIDACLOPRID IN CLARIAS BATRACHUS (MAGUR)

Imidacloprid is a Neonicotinoid pesticide extensively utilized in Indian agriculture to manage insect pests.Its water solubility and systemic nature are widely acknowledged to present a risk of contaminating adjacent water bodies.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Imidacloprid pesticide on the hematological parameters of Clarias batracus. In a controlled experimental setting, various sub-lethal concentrations (3, and 4 ppm) of Imidacloprid were administered at different time intervals. The impact of the pesticide was more pronounced in the short-term experiments. Hematological alterations were observed in the fish blood, where the hemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cells (RBCs), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin(MCH) declined with increasing concentrations, while the white blood cells (WBCs) increased under the same conditions.The results demonstrate statistical significance at the P &lt; 0.05 level. These findings demonstrate that Imidacloprid can lead to significant variations in the hematological characteristics and induce a certain level of stress in fish. Therefore, the hematological factors of fish could serve as a sensitive tool for assessing their health status.

Analysis of Short and Long-Term Impacts of Petrochemical Effluents on Cattla Cattla Fish on Neelambur Pond, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

The study aimed to assess the impact of petrochemical effluent on fish blood, examining both short- term and long-term exposure periods to evaluate toxicity stress symptoms in the rapidly evolving petroleum industry. Various biochemical and hematological parameters, along with enzymatic changes, were analyzed by exposing different organs of freshwater fish, C. catla, to the petrochemical effluent. The results indicated a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) content, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Conversely, there was a notable increase in white blood cells (WBC) during the exposure periods compared to the control. Hematological parameters, including Hb, RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and MCH, exhibited fluctuating results, with a consistent decrease observed in both short- term (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) and long-term (10, 20, and 30 days) exposure periods, suggesting the occurrence of anemia in the exposed fishes due to petrochemical effluent. In the biochemical analysis, exposed fish showed a significant reduction in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content across all organs, accompanied by increased enzyme activity observed in all organs of freshwater fish, C. catla. Consequently, this survey is instrumental in predicting potential risks to the population and aquatic system.

Effects of glutamine on growth performance, nutrient content, fatty acid profile, and blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

In this study, different amounts of glutamine were added to the diet of rainbow trout, and they were then fed for a period of 90 days. The current research investigated the effects of glutamine on various aspects of rainbow trout, including growth performance, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, carcass composition, fatty acid profile, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters. The study's findings revealed that adding glutamine to the diet of rainbow trout had a beneficial impact on their growth features. The rainbow trout group that was fed a 2% concentration of glutamine experienced the most notable increase in growth rate. A statistically significant difference in growth was observed among all groups (p < 0.05). Adding glutamine to the diet increased the amount of protein and decreased the fat content in the flesh of the fish. Glutamine exerted an influence on the blood and biochemistry parameters of fish, as well as their fatty acid composition. In conclusion, the inclusion of glutamine in the diet of fish could potentially enhance their immune system, improve the quality of their muscles, and enhance their growth performance.

Influence of protein concentrates in compound feeds on hematological parameters of fish

In the field of feeding aquaculture objects, it is important to search for alternative feed sources. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effect of high-protein feed concentrates on the growth performance and hematological composition of rainbow trout. Research was carried out At the enterprise IP Kalmykova I. O. in order to study the protein concentrate Gorlinka in compound feed for rainbow trout. The trout of the control group were fed compound feed with sunflower meal, and the fi sh of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were fed compound feed in which sunflower meal was replaced with Gorlinka concentrate – 50 %, 75 and 100 %, respectively, for the groups. Research on the introduction of the protein concentrate Agro-Matic into the compound feed of rainbow trout was carried out under the conditions of the Scientifi c Research Center “Breeding of valuable sturgeon breeds” of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. The fish of the control group received the main diet with fish-meal, and in the diet of the trout of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, 25 %, 50 and 75 % of fish-meal were replaced with Agro-Matic concentrate. It was found on the base of results obtained that the introduction of Gorlinka concentrate into the compound feed formulation contributed to the increase in the overall gain in live weight of fi sh by 2,83–6,93 %. The use of Agro-Matic concentrate in compound feed had a positive effect on the live weight of fish; it increased by 1,29–5,26 %. The content of total protein in the blood serum of fish from the experimental groups relative to the control increased by 0,65 %, 1,64 and 3,27 % with the introduction of the Gorlinka concentrate into the diet, and the Agro-Matic protein concentrate by 1,01 %, 2,44 and 3,55 %, respectively, which is due to balance of the recipes. When studying some indicators of fish blood we found that with a balanced diet the biochemical composition of trout blood is quite constant and is within the physiological norm for salmon fish.

Evaluation of the effect of the sorbed probiotic preparation “Ecoflor” on the cellular immunity factors of the Russian-Lena sturgeon

This article presents the results of using the sorbed probiotic preparation “Ecoflor” when growing hybrid forms of sturgeon fish. It was established that when using a probiotic-enterosorbent, the peripheral blood of the Russian-Lena sturgeon was lymphoid in nature. The level of lymphocytes in the blood of fish from the experimental groups increased to 78.50%, the proportion of band neutrophils increased to 8.80%, and segmented neutrophils – to 4.66%. It should be noted that the use of the probiotic contributed to a decrease in eosinophils (1.15%) and blast cells (4.50%). The leukocyte shift index in the blood of fish from the experimental groups did not exceed 0.32 and was within the reference values.

Morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of carp fish in artificial water reservoirs

In this article, morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of carp fish in artificial reservoirs of Samarkand region are analyzed depending on their living conditions and hydro chemical parameters of water. One of the important features of intensive fish farming is the study of blood, morphological and biochemical parameters. The morphological and biochemical composition of blood varies depending on the habitat and lifestyle of different fish species.