Fish Aquarium Research Articles

Smart Aquarium Design Using Raspberry Pi and Android Based

For aquarium owners, sometimes their daily activities are busy with other busy activities was studied by nusantara[1]. With this density of activity it often makes it difficult for fish aquarium owners to provide fish with the feeding process, which is usually done manually when at home was studied by pasha[2]. From this problem, a smart aquarium device was designed to feed aquaculture fish automatically, namely Smart Aquarium Design Using Android-Based Raspberry Pi, designed to provide convenience in the process of maintaining fish in an aquarium. This aquarium can perform several actions such as fish feeding automatically can be done using Android via the internet network and control the aquarium decorative lights. To move the fish feeding valve, it uses a servo motor to drive the fish feeding valve and also uses a relay as an on / off aquarium decorative light. Fish feed machines can feed fish on a scheduled basis if the user forgets to feed fish. Smart aquarium is also equipped with a water filter so that aquarium water does not need to change water.

Led Photobioreactor Integrated with Fish Aquarium Wastewater for the Growth and Enhancement of Lipids in Microalgae Biomass for Biodiesel Production

Led Photobioreactor Integrated with Fish Aquarium Wastewater for the Growth and Enhancement of Lipids in Microalgae Biomass for Biodiesel Production

Study of the effects of different monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings densitieson Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and water quality in a low-techrecirculation aquaponic system

The sustainable food initiatives and awareness amongst development interest has increased rapidly the technology of aquaponics in recent years due to widespread interest in local agencies that aquaponics may allow for the production of both vegetables and fish in water-deficient or soil-deficient zones. The present study aimed to compare rearing of three different fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings densities on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) and water quality in a shallow water low-tech recirculation aquaponic system. The experimental aquaria were designed in 12 longitudinal aquaria of equal volum of 105L.3The treatments (Aquaponic vs Hydroponic) in this study were set-up for 56 days under 4treatments with three replications. T1, control (lettuce plant only using Hoagland solution), T2, T3, and T4 where stocking density of tilapia were 150(15 fish/ aquar.), 175(17 fish/ aquar.) and 200(20 fish/ aquar.) fish/m3 with Lettuce plants, respectively. Fish was fed up to satiation twice a day with commercially available floating pellet with 30% protein level. The wastewater from the fish aquarium was irrigated to the vegetable bed by a 40 watt submersible water pump. During the experimental period different water quality parameters were monitored regularly. Growth and yield of Lettuce were measured by means of fresh weight, dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and Chlorophyll (SPAD). The range of water temperature was 27 to 29o C (av. 28 o C), dissolve oxygen 6.8 to 7.4 mg/l (av. 7.1 mg/l), pH 7.10 to 7.4(av. 7.25), total ammonia (mg/l) 0.10 to 12.0 mg/l (av. 0.11 mg/l), nitrite (mg/l) 0.003 to0.005 (av. 0.004 mg/l) and nitrate (mg/l) 140 to 180 (average 160 mg/l). At the end of the experiment, the study suggests that stocking density of 20 fish/aquarium for tilapia, i.e.200 fish/m3 with Lettuce plants, is suitable for production of both plant and fish in a recirculating aquaponic system because of higher nutrient availability in this aquaponic trough.

Study of the effects of different monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings densitieson Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and water quality in a low-techrecirculation aquaponic system

The sustainable food initiatives and awareness amongst development interest has increased rapidly the technology of aquaponics in recent years due to widespread interest in local agencies that aquaponics may allow for the production of both vegetables and fish in water-deficient or soil-deficient zones. The present study aimed to compare rearing of three different fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings densities on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) and water quality in a shallow water low-tech recirculation aquaponic system. The experimental aquaria were designed in 12 longitudinal aquaria of equal volum of 105L.3The treatments (Aquaponic vs Hydroponic) in this study were set-up for 56 days under 4treatments with three replications. T1, control (lettuce plant only using Hoagland solution), T2, T3, and T4 where stocking density of tilapia were 150(15 fish/ aquar.), 175(17 fish/ aquar.) and 200(20 fish/ aquar.) fish/m3 with Lettuce plants, respectively. Fish was fed up to satiation twice a day with commercially available floating pellet with 30% protein level. The wastewater from the fish aquarium was irrigated to the vegetable bed by a 40 watt submersible water pump. During the experimental period different water quality parameters were monitored regularly. Growth and yield of Lettuce were measured by means of fresh weight, dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and Chlorophyll (SPAD). The range of water temperature was 27 to 29o C (av. 28 o C), dissolve oxygen 6.8 to 7.4 mg/l (av. 7.1 mg/l), pH 7.10 to 7.4(av. 7.25), total ammonia (mg/l) 0.10 to 12.0 mg/l (av. 0.11 mg/l), nitrite (mg/l) 0.003 to0.005 (av. 0.004 mg/l) and nitrate (mg/l) 140 to 180 (average 160 mg/l). At the end of the experiment, the study suggests that stocking density of 20 fish/aquarium for tilapia, i.e.200 fish/m3 with Lettuce plants, is suitable for production of both plant and fish in a recirculating aquaponic system because of higher nutrient availability in this aquaponic trough.

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of some agricultural fungicides against two saprolegnoid fungi infecting cultured fish

BackgroundSaprolegniasis often cause a significant economic losses to fish hatchery and intensive fish industry. The treatment of saprolegnoid diseases with malachite green seems to have harmful effect and is considered as a mutagenic and carcinogenic substance. The teratogenic and carcinogenic potential of malachite green increased the necessity to find an effective alternative treatment to control the disease. MethodsIn the present study, seven fungicides used in agriculture were investigated to control Saprolegnia parasitica and S. diclina in vitro. The antifungal activity of each fungicide was compared with that of malachite green as reference fungicide using food poisoning technique. Fish toxicity of the effective fungicides was performed to detect the most applicable fungicides in fish aquarium. ResultsFour of seven fungicides were found to be effective against the two saprolegnoid fungi. Azoxystrobin and metalaxyl were the most effective fungicides inhibited fungal growth of the two saprolegnoid fungi completely at concentration of 200 ppm and 250 ppm respectively while cyazofamid and etridiazole were moderately effective. Acute toxicity assay of the two effective fungicides showed metalaxyl was low toxic to fish with LC50 of 360 ppm while azoxystrobin was 225 ppm. Hence, it was confirmed that 200 and 250 ppm of azoxystrobin and metalaxyl which completely inhibited mycelial growth of the saprolegniod fungi could be safely used for saprolegniasis control. ConclusionThese fungicides which proved to be effective and fishery safer may be applicable as a aquatic fungicides avoiding teratogenic and carcinogenic risk of malachite green.

EPICS Urban Farming: Bringing Sustainable Fresh Food to Gary, Indiana

EPICS Urban Farming is a team of seventeen undergraduate students designing and implementing an aquaponics and food distribution system in Gary, Indiana. With the area being a food desert, most people turn to corner stores for food that is easily accessible and cheap but unhealthy. From this diet, there are quite a few widespread health concerns that the population of Gary, Indiana, faces daily. For example, obesity, diabetes, and heart conditions are some of the most common diseases that plague the community. Urban Farming is working to aid in combating these issues with the partnership of Pastor Marty Henderson, who has also worked toward this through his organization, Peace Garden and Farms based in Gary, Indiana. The target audiences of this outreach are single parents, the elderly, and households with no vehicles. We currently have two teams, each focusing on production of fresh produce and distribution respectively. The aquaponics team has designed an automated aquaponics system to provide fresh leafy greens, and the community-based agriculture (CBA) team helps distribute the fresh produce from the aquaponics system and educate the community about how to prepare the produce for it to be healthy and enjoyable. This semester we are taking the first steps of installing the complete system by implementing a fish aquarium in Gary in order to create a biome for the fish, which will then be used as a part of the aquaponics system. The CBA team has also begun testing their distribution methods and recipes with a small kickstart group of families in Gary, Indiana.

Environmental Remediation of Tilapia Aquaculture Wastewater Using Ceratophyllum demersum and Lemna minor

Two aquatic macrophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum and Lemna minor, were used in aquaculture wastewater treatment. Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) with total body weight of 50-60 g were placed in 60 L aquaria. Four treatment groups were included: control (no plant treatment, depended on artificial filtering for purification), Lemna minor (Lm), Ceratophyllum demersum (Cd), and mixed plants group (Lm+Cd). Each group had three replicates (5 fish/replicate). The experiment was conducted for 4 weeks. Physicochemical parameters of aquaculture wastewater including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorous (TPO4), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), and ammonia were determined. The results reflected more effective removal of pollutants from fish aquaria by both plants than that by the artificial aeration/filtering. The effectiveness of pollution removal was higher in Cd group > Lm > Lm+Cd, compared to the control. This order of phytoremediation was confirmed by improvements in tilapia fish health status including liver function (AST, ALT, albumin), kidney function (creatinine, urea, uric acid), in addition to other nutritional and hematological parameters. It could be concluded that the phytoremediation using C. demersum is ecofriendly and effective in removing contaminants from Tilapia aquaculture wastewater and therefore, it is recommended to be applied in tilapia farms.

Design and Implementation of Filter Pump Control in a Freshwater Fish Aquarium based on Fuzzy Logic

One of the essential factors in the cultivation of freshwater ornamental fish in the aquarium is the water quality. Quality aquarium water is clear water with appropriate temperature and pH. In this study, the design and implementation of the control system based on fuzzy logic for filter pump work cycle were reported. The fuzzy logic in the controller will provide the strength of filter pump work based on the information on the turbidity level of water obtained from the photodiode sensor and the acidity of the water collected from the pH sensor. The results of the fuzzy logic controller design are implemented in Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller to control filter pump strength. The experimental results show that the controller can improve the water clarity level at the desired level in a reasonably short time. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the system performance was still good even in the existence of disturbance.

Polyaniline on Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Screen Printed Electrode as Dissolved Ammonia Sensor

Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) is a suitable material to be used as sensor for dissolved ammonia (DA) detection. PANI has conducting properties based on the fact that PANI structure contains pi (π) electron. In this study, polyaniline was synthesized from aniline monomer by cyclic voltammetry method on Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) screen printed electrode (SPE). The optimum concentration of aniline monomer was 0.5 M in 1.0 M sulphuric acid (H2SO4) which gave the highest current density (38 mAcm-2) upon electropolymerization on PEDOT SPE. The deposition of emeraldine salt (ES) of PANI was observed at +0.5 V (oxidation) and -0.2V (reduction). ES was then reacted with DA producing emeraldine blue (EB). The calibration of PANI sensors to DA solution (10 - 250 ppb) showed that the current density increased linearly with the rising trace amount of DA concentration. In terms of reproducibility, PANI sensor showed consistency in DA detection of 7.47 % deviation of mean current density readings towards 10 ppb DA solution. Here, PANI-PEDOT DA sensor was able to detect the trace DA concentration (10 ppb) which Nessler method unable to detect at this very low concentration of DA. Hence, this sensor was applied in DA detection in fish aquarium water samples. Thus, PANI-PEDOT SPE was able to perform as a DA sensor and can be further developed and commercialized for future uses.

Collaborating effects of rearing density and oregano oil supplementation on growth, behavioral and stress response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

To investigate the impacts of rearing density and oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation on growth, behavioral and stress response of Nile tilapia, a factorial design (3 × 3 × 2) was assembled using 18 (100 L) glass aquaria where each aquarium had a rearing density and an OEO supplemental level. Six aquaria had a density of 10 fish aquarium−1 (low rearing density; LRD), another six had a density of 20 fish aquarium−1 (medium rearing density; MRD) and the remaining six aquaria had a density of 40 fish aquarium−1 (high rearing density; HRD). For each rearing density, fish were fed three diets with variable OEO levels (0.0, 1.0, and 2 ml kg−1 diet) and were assayed in two replicas for 10 weeks. OEO improved the growth performance of fish maintained at LRD and MRD. Tilapia exhibited behavioral changes in all densities with a reduced aggression in the HRD group. The OEO reduced the oxidative stress and the aggressiveness of juvenile tilapia as deduced from stress and welfare indicators’ levels (cortisol antioxidant enzymes). In addition, a density-stress related effect as well as a nonspecific immune stimulant effect of OEO was detected from the increased antioxidant and NO activity in this study.

Species identification of aquatic mycobacterium isolates by sequencing and PCR-RFLP of the 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region

Fast and reliable identification of clinically significant Mycobacterium species strains attempted to identify on the basis of amplification, RFLP and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) 16S–23S Mycobacteria in Apparently Healthy Freshwater Aquarium Fish in Uttar Pradesh, India. Sixty apparently healthy freshwater fish aquariums belonging to eight different species have been harvested from six outlets in several aquarium cities and processed for the isolation of Mycobacterium species. Using the initial decontamination protocol tissue homogenates (with 1N HCl and NaOH 2N) and incubating at 30°C for two months, Mycobacterium species was isolated of 25% of them. These isolates have been identified by standard biochemical tests. All the fragments of genes of the ITS region of the 23S rRNA were amplified by 16S fragment performance of different dimensions between 230bp and 350bp digested by two fast digest restriction enzymes; HaeIII and Sau96I. The digested products were analyzed using gel electrophoresis with agarose. There has also been sequencing amplified fragments of the ITS gene. The isolates were identified as five strains of M. abscessus, M. gordonae as three, two M. fortuitum, M. Parascrofulaceum, M. arupense, one isolate as M. senegalense, M. aubagnense and M. conceptionense. The incidence of mycobacteria in freshwater fish, seemingly healthy is terrible and the study is relevant due to the variety of Mycobacterium related to aquarium fish and zoonotic importance. All Mycobacterium species isolated during this study are well known pathogens both to fish and humans.

CADMIUM TOXICITY INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATION IN INDIGENOUS FISH Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.)

The aim of present study was to determine the toxicity (LC50) of cadmium chloride in freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Acute toxicity of cadmium on the indigenous fish H., fossilis was designed in the fish aquarium in laboratory at room temperature in Department of Zoology, DGPG College at Kanpur.
 Treated fish H., fossilis induced morphological alteration against cadmium chloride toxicity. H. fossilis showed morphological alteration such as increased opercula movement, abnormal swimming, and loss of buoyancy and fading of their body colour. Control fishes were also continuously monitored and compared with the changes caused by cadmium concentration.
 Heteropneustes fossilis exposed different concentration of cadmium chloride toxicity i.e. 0 ppm for 24 h, 10 ppm for 48h, 15ppm for 72h and 20 ppm for 96 h. From this present study it seems that the indigenous fish, H. fossilis is more susceptible to cadmium toxicity.

النص المسرحي القصير في الأدب العربي الحديث : نماذج منتخبة = The Short Dramatic Script in Modern Arab Literature : Selected Models as a Sample

النص المسرحي القصير | الصعلوك | الصرير | جثة على الرصيف | رجل وإمرأة في حوض السمك | الناس والحجارة | Short Play | The Tramp | A Corpse on the Sidewalk | The Creak | People and the Stones | A Man and a Woman in the Fish Aquarium

Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Ornamental Fish Aquariums in Petshops

Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Ornamental Fish Aquariums in Petshops

Robot Fish Tracking Control using an Optical Flow Object-detecting Algorithm

This paper realizes control of the motion of a swimming robot fish in order to implement an underwater robot fish aquarium. And it implements positional control of a two-axis trajectory path of the robot fish in the aquarium. The performance of the robot was verified though certified field tests. It provided excellent performance in driving force, durability, and water resistance in experimental results. It can control robot motion, that is, it recognizes an object by using an optical flow object-detecting algorithm, which uses a video camera rather than image-detecting sensors inside the robot fish. It is possible to find the robot’s position and control the motion of the robot fish using a radio frequency (RF) modem controlled via personal computer. This paper proposes realization of robot fish motion-tracking control using the optical flow object-detecting algorithm. It was verified via performance tests of lead-lag action control of robot fish in the aquarium.

Development of a DHS-USB recirculating system to remove nitrogen from a marine fish aquarium

A recirculating nitrogen (N) removal system comprising a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor combined with an up-flow sludge blanket (USB) reactor was developed. We used this system in a fish-breeding marine aquarium to evaluate the N removal and to determine the optimum C/N ratio for denitrification. With this system in place, nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the marine fish aquarium remained below 30mgN/L, and total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentrations were below 0.1mgN/L. The optimum denitrification ratio was approximately 1.2. Analysis of the microbial community showed that there were ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the DHS reactor, and that there were two types of denitrifying bacteria in the USB reactor, namely heterotrophs and autotrophs, that removed nitrate from the marine aquarium water.

Animal-Assisted Therapy and Application to Older Adults in Long Term Care

In the past thirty years animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has moved beyond anecdotal status to a scientific evidence-based intervention. AAT comes in many shapes and sizes. There are a variety of animals which can be used such as dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, guinea pigs, goats, dolphins, and even fish aquariums. Loneliness is a common theme among older adults in long term care (LTC). Many older adults living in LTC facilities feel isolated. Some have little contact with family members or friends. Many describe feelings of loneliness and withdraw from social activities and interaction with others. Some feel as if they have nothing to look forward to and find no useful purpose in life. The absence of having another to care for or nurture can also be distressing. The purpose of this project was to explore the use of AAT as an intervention to decrease loneliness in residents living in a LTC setting by introducing visits from a Sphynx cat registered by the Delta Society as a therapy animal. The project sample consisted of seven participants all over the age of 60 years who resided in a LTC facility in Texas. Pre-intervention and post-intervention checklists and open-ended questions were employed to collect data from participants. Analysis of the project findings revealed a notable decrease in loneliness.

How can surgeonfish help pediatric surgeons? A pilot study investigating the antinociceptive effect of fish aquariums in adult volunteers.

Multiple distraction strategies have been proposed to reduce the incidence of anxiety and pain in children. Animal-assisted therapy is acknowledged and used in children as an adjunctive treatment with cognitive, physical, psychosocial and spiritual benefits. To determine the effect of fish aquarium animal-assisted therapy (FA-AAT) on pain perception in a cohort of healthy volunteers. Sixty-nine healthy subjects (mean age 27.3 years) were exposed to >20 different species of soft or hard corals and >25 fish in a 1000 L saltwater aquarium. Pain perception was assessed using an electrical stimulation device, the Pain Matcher (Cefar Medical AB, Sweden), after 5 min, 10 min, 20 min and 30 min of continuous aquarium viewing. The measurements were repeated 10 min after stopping aquarium viewing. A statistically significant pain perception threshold augmentation was observed after a 5 min aquarium viewing. This threshold augmentation was also increased after 10 min, 20 min and 30 min of FA-AAT. A remnant effect was noted up to 10 min after exposure. This short post-viewing time period could be useful in clinical practice to perform certain painful procedures in children, such as those involving needles, under improved conditions immediately after aquarium exposure. In the authors' department, FA-AAT is now used as a nonpharmacological antinociceptive technique in association with a protocol of inhalated oxygen⁄nitrous oxide mixtures for needle-related procedures. Children and parents are invited to watch the aquarium during the 10 min to 20 min before venous punctures.

Elucidation of anti-Vibrio factors associated with green alga Picochlorum sp. strain S1b

The results of our previous study demonstrated that the total Vibrio count in a fish aquarium could be limited to a low level through the introduction of Picochlorum sp. S1b. In subsequent trials, we discovered that Picochlorum sp. S1b demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on Vibrio only when cultivated in a nonsterile environment. This is a clear indication that the inhibitory effects cannot be attributed to Picochlorum sp. S1b directly, but rather to bacteria associated with it. In the current study, we isolated bacterial strains with a strong inhibitory effect on Vibrio spp. These strains were obtained from nonsterile cultures of Picochlorum sp. S1b. To evaluate the anti-Vibrio activity, we co-cultured these bacterial strains with S1b and later with pathogenic Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio campbellii. Our results indicate that among the 80 strains, only six strains belonging to either the Rhodobacteraceae or Flavobacteriaceae were linked to a significant decrease in total Vibrio count under co-culture conditions. Further study will be required to elucidate the interactions among these six bacterial strains and the Picochlorum sp. S1b with regard to anti-Vibrio activity.

Investigation of the predation potential of different fish species on brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) in experimental rice-fish aquariums and tanks

A series of experiments was conducted in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-fish aquariums and concrete tanks at Can Tho University, Vietnam, to investigate the feeding behavior and ability to control brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) by fish. In the aquarium studies, fish species introduced were: (1) no fish (control), (2) common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio L.), (3) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.), (4) climbing perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch), and (5) clown knife (Chitala chitala Hamilton). We found that C. carpio and O. niloticus mostly grazed on filamentous algae as well as periphyton on aquarium walls, bottom and rice tillers in water. They hardly grazed on BPH on the surface. On the contrary, A. testudineus mostly grazed on BPH on rice tillers above the water surface. C. chitala spent a lot of time at the bottom corners of the aquariums without grazing on BPH. A. testudineus spent more time attempting to graze BPH, especially on rice tillers above the water surface as compared to C. carpio and O. niloticus. This resulted in a higher number of BPH eaten by A. testudineus than by C. carpio and O. niloticus. As A. testudineus was the most promising predator of late instar nymphs and adult BPH in the aquarium studies, different sizes of this species were further tested in rice-fish concrete tank conditions at three development stages of the rice crop. All sizes of A. testudineus reduced the number of BPH. The small and medium A. testudineus were more efficient in reducing BPH than the larger ones. The present study suggests that A. testudineus can be incorporated in rice-fish fields as a part of biological control of BPH.